9 Summarisation WY The method of substitution is a technique which aims at reducing the given integral to one of the fundamer known integrals by change of independent variabl i ey 1 ee; GY Let tanx—x= 2. Taking BY enti then finmyryac=— (poy) 14 (cece ee io, BY (FG 4r- we ipe1 +e | BW fetpo +s wiar=epy +e BY franz de=tog|secx| +c WY [cot dx = og | sinx| +e WY) occ ax = 10g |secx+ tanx} +c e tog|an( +3) te WY [cosecx dx = tog |cosecr—cotx| + = log tan3| +02 +6 ce 2loghee t= 225 aor x 2logle + t= e ax ea as oa — fab on (lax+b+ Jax—by(Jax+b— Jax—b) Laat Jax~b, ax+b~(ax— ‘isa = ppl aera [lar as] Now, we put ax+b= adx=22dz oy dx= 24 and ax-b=u?; . adx=2u du a ke i seh cree {putting the values of « and 1 gies Sea Again, le + 1-0. Therefore, de= du ee [eau (eee u-1) ae Sutsdu= ty, aif futdu-3fudusfdu- [| = oft -3 + au-logiul]+e 3 Tost = 3+) 32+ 2+ 6(2+ = Fer 32+ 1846+) 1 {dee be-ae)f ghee 1 az+ (be-ae)logl#ll** 2log|2+1|+e fr w= 241)We put, 1-5* = f(sesetecetsrel+ sy) xl ed op exsaf = fxde+ [Paes ftde+ feeds 1-5 . 2 da) = *+ jpgelelalag 4 + fades fader fas J a 2 sexe log|x—11+¢ WY Let e* = 50070 ‘taking differential, e¥dx= 2 oe a tand dd _ dx = [2H =2loglel +eEXAMPLE 5 tan2x + tanx 1 — tan2xtanx * tan3x-tan3x tan2x tanx = tan2x + tanx or tan3x tan2x tanx = tan3x~ tan2x— tanx wy Since tan3x = tan(2x + x) = BA ftanax tan2x tanx dx 3 | = (tan3x - tan2x-tanx)dx _ fsin3x _ fsin2x sinx fs oc Soe cosx* 1 (=3sin3x 5 z2sin2x = =s 3/ cos3x ae cos2x “cosa, ax + [Sine a a cosx * a - $log|cos3x) +> Hiog|cos2x + log|cosx +Eu (Solution WY 1er togiogs) =2 Taking diferent Jogos), (stl ac = fede Bede fa WY) 111 to cose cots) = Taking diferent, 228 a, cosecx de= da concede | jogicoseex= coms} Tog og(cosees~ 6 fe wel Gen We put, © We put, log cosx= 2 “Taking diferent, (108008 og eX(tanxlogens2) aE Teof, a = tan a > | Feosa sinx+ rein cos 4 [cosec(x+ a)dx. +e an(= + tana il an (Zen + feosee(+ 3) correct option ren xe a ids can be obined she OS ® ctogr= 2 Cn err ome Te BRB since, sinczx+0) + sna= ‘2sin(x+a)cosx =2cosx(sinxcose + cosxsina) =2cos*x(cosatanx + sina) secx ie secx JanGxta)+ sina -[2cosx.[cosatanx + sing ae sectx “fe Jeosatanx+ sina We put, cosartanx + sina = 2* ‘Taking differential, coscrsecxds = 2cdz pate Se cos io seoxdx _secede__ fsin (2x + a) + sina al sectxdx. > =r aing 2 [te Liseca:e+0 = tose: = ina +0 = facatant tah) +6 ao tesloe © loghx) +e © voas"al+e © logfx) +e 3 pees ‘dx canbe easily evaluated by the substitution @ 8-5-2 ® 8-5-2 © 3-5-8 © 3-524 oy| Braaate + q 1. fxPeostx)ae jeu [P eme 4) 0 foxsint?1) twoem ff 5. fsin(3-4njax és aE) 8. 10? Say nn, feet ag JP Ye ae 9. @ (a am deme, 2M, festa B. ft yea pide » Saas RW. fetcos?(eryae 8. [22-08 ae = fos SR 5sr |S f—# 08h, b | cade lated [wy aoe } 1 [L2FN 00830 ae | " ~ — eg 1. pede t | a 2 forte fates a | fe nm \aaaae.' | +o (x oo Ea enw) 6 (fee oi 1 faandztandranse de » seam | opm oe) weep on felt ja f- T(E (atoge + de W fe tirade a ges * * lee Ofc 2 ah Ba fete | 18 fetcose—sinaite cg peeaspetad” | fetmgncss sms cmc B sn fteBa Fm [inva <1) slopes eum ee. Sriram b- tense) Whatton - * 2 Sao oot i ms fast Sati Stet — a peste ang aoe, Benin b- \ (aa a (sal| (2S Solution Since, x2+x+1=x242.yx. es 7 Ian (=+3)a eS Solution We put, x? = z ; therel&4 Solution 1 3x5 = 1+ Zia? 2x+ 10) +m or, Clearly, or, or, 3x-—5 =I(2x-2)+m=2lx+m-2l 2l=3 es and m~2l=-5 2 m-3=-5 of m=-2 I =f 3x-5 yee ae os x? —2x+10 4 x? -2x+10 = Ra ri dx x 2x+10 7 (x~1)2 + 32 = Hloglx?- 2x+ 10| — Fran! +e| (9 Cra (eae we >. a cos?0 + psin*0—a = (Bua and B—x = B-acos?@—fsin26 = (B. {(acos?0 + sin?6) a 2co80 sind + B-2ain8 (8a) sind cos0 d8 = ecos?8 + Bsing Ex (GOBBI p=, d= 2a ant x=ztta Therefore, " ee me x» os ep-2 ofa + 8x = 5x a+ 8x- 5x? Jj Tae oT =, +mly (say) | | 1 = pomsRe ke te ee Therefore, dx =—3d2 end a ee Tee 1 it = = F12(6 Bae tyes 17 a(1+3) a(4+3) 417 = Z(2(1 + 92? + 6z)— 122(1 + 32) + 1722] z Diya = >(-27+2) 2 ed dx Meet pes -( 5 Bn eo sae Eggle ‘o evaluate an integral ofthe form /——- oo bis (Ix-+ m) ax? +bx+e “pee 1 term?™“ eee | hE Cla Mier Co /Solatigny fe: ~ amas = fis 1+x 4 2 + (= A oT We yo? = sin7!x- fe [where, 1-x?=z? ».-xdx=zdz] = sin-!x-z+ce=sin1x- /1-x*+c [- z= 1x2] t ‘ial i Note To evaluate an integral of the type [2 et Max, we eliminate the radical sign from the numerator, iy Moe | [ta (7 (ix + m)dx (ax + by)(lx+m)4 lave, sin4x + cos4x sin2x + cos2x)? — 2sin2x cos?x ; 7 1~>(2sinx cosx)* 1 (2 24 9h — sin®2x) | ~Cos2x dx _ = (2s Sin’x + cost 4 2—sin?2x ( dz= 2x dx) {where z= sin2x, + dz = 2008: J2-2 ee (ree sin2al 2 + sin2x| 2 ~ sin2x1Very Short Answer Type Ouestions | Integrate : dx dx , iex ie % (1=x?) . = a 5. F es Sle * Jao XAVx+1 : 0. (—*_ 1 /— 2 f= 16x? + 25 3x2 —5 49b “incur see 2 ma S fot we eal 0 (235 a mh jeaed ae Ai sae mab omen {ease} = Ww) hia a losin? psi Moca © 4 0 Srey w fa 2. (gem ay gaan ide eh ors tenses “Sanaa b " Sane B noes ho Tne *nale ” ee 2 f—*- (ean