PharDose Lab  Terpinol Elixir

Angelyka Cabalo Description :

2APH (2016-2017) - clear, colorless solution with striations containing
43% alcohol
Uses :
Prep 19 - ISO-ALCOHOLIC ELIXIR
 expectorant (for productive cough)
Synonyms : Container : 15 ML NARROW MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
 Iso-elixir Label : WHITE
Category : MEDICATED ELIXIR
Description :
Method of Preparation : SIMPLE SOLUTION
- clear, colorless, hydroalcoholic solution
Preparation : OFFICIAL (USP)
Uses :
 general vehicle
Terpin Hydrate Oral Solution
Container : 30 ML NARROW MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE - each 100 ml contains nlt 1.53 g and nmt 1.87 g of
Label : WHITE terpin hydrate
Category : NON MEDICATED ELIXIR
Method of Preparation : ADMIXTURE
 terpin hydrate will precipitate out if lower alcohol
Preparation : UNOFFICIAL
concentration
Elixirs  alcohol - co solvent
- hydroalcoholic oral solutions  orange peel tincture – flavorant
- clear, sweetened and usually flavored to improve  benzaldehyde – preservative
taste  glycerin & syrup – sweetening agents
- contain less sugar than syrup = less effective in  purified water - solvent
masking unpleasant taste of APIs
- can contain both water-soluble and alcohol- Prep 21 – COMPOUND ORANGE SPIRIT
soluble components
- adjunctive solvents glycerine and propylene glycol Compound Orange Spirit
are commonly added - each 100 ml contains ntl 25 ml and nmt 30 ml of
- alcohol content of more than 10-12% = self- the mixed oils
preserving
Non Medicated Elixirs
- used as vehicles Prep 22 – PEPPERMINT SPIRIT
Medicated Elixirs
- with active ingredient Peppermint Spirit
- each 100 ml contains nlt 9.0ml and nmt 11.0ml of
method of preparations : peppermint oil
 Simple Solution w/ agitation
- solute dissolved in solvent Prep 23 – AROMATIC AMMONIA SPIRIT
 Admixture
- admixture of 2 or more liquid ingredients Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
- hydroalcoholic solution
 manner of adding the two mixtures : - intended to be inhaled
from high concentration  low concentration - each 100 ml contains nlt 1.7g and nmt 2.1g of
 density of saccharin : 0.828 g/ml total NH3 content AND nlt 3.5g and nmt 4.5g
(NH4)2CO3
 allegation
 % alcohol = amt of alcohol / total ml x 100
Prep 24 – IODINE TINCTURE
 computation :
Synonyms :
 Tincture of Iodine
 Tinctura Iodi
 Solutio Iodi

Description :
- dark brown to reddish brown solutions
Uses :
 local anti-infective
 germicide
 fungicide
 antiseptic
Container : 15 ML NARROW MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
Label : RED
Category : TOPICAL TINCTURE
Method of Preparation : SIMPLE SOLUTION
Preparation : OFFICIAL
Prep 20 - TERPIN HYDRATE ORAL SOLUTION
Tinctures
Synonyms : - alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions
 Terpin Hydrate Elixir - from vegetable materials or chemical substances
 Elixir Terpin Hydrate - 10g of drug in 100 ml – potent
- 10-20g of drug in 100 ml
 - less than 50 % alcohol

Fluidextracts
- 1g of drug in 1 ml
- more potent
- 100% tinctures
- pure alcohol Oily Liniments
- milder in action
method of preparation : (USP) - useful for massages
 percolation
 maceration Forms :
 Solutions – Camphor Liniment
Sodium Iodide  Emulsions – White Liniment
- solubilizing agent  Suspensions – Calamine Liniment
- stabilizing agent
- prevents formation of ethyl iodide (lowers  Gelatinization – if soap comes from animal
bacteriostatic activity) origin

Prep 26 – STARCH GLYCERITE

Synonyms :
 Starch Glycerine
 Glyceratum Amyli
Extracts
 Glycamyl
 semi-liquid
Description :
- syrupy consistency
- translucent jelly like mass
- very sticky but firm
Uses :
- 20 ml of solvent left
 topical vehicle
 pilular
- solid  protectant
- plastic masses Container : GERBER
- all of the solvent evaporates Label : RED
 dry powders Category : GLYCERITES
Method of Preparation :
- starchy consistency
Preparation : UNOFFICIAL
- no solvent left
- examples : cassava & raddish
Glycerines or Glycerites
- nlt 50% by weight of glycerine
Prep 25 – CAMPHORATED SOAP LINIMENT, BP - most glycerins are extremely viscous, some are
jelly-like consistency
Synonyms :
- few are used extensively
 Linimentum Camphoras El Saponis
- a valuable pharmaceutical solvent
 Linimentum Saponis Mollis - forms permanent & concentrated solutions
 Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum - sole solvent for Antipyrine & Benzoaine Otic
 Soap Liniment Solution, USP
 Liquid Opodeldoc - hygroscopic
Description : - should be stored in tightly closed containers
- clear, colorless to yellow solution with odor of - density : 1.26 g/ml
camphor
Uses :  used sand bath (temperature exceeding 100
 rubefacient degrees Celsius)
 counterirritant
Container : NARROW FLINT BOTTLE Prep 27 – MINERAL OIL EMULSION
Label : RED
Category : ALCOHOL BASED LINIMENT IN SOLUTION FORM Synonyms :
Method of Preparation :  Liquid Petrolatum Emulsion
Preparation : UNOFFICIAL

Liniments
- alcoholic or oil base solutions or emultions
- for external application
- embrocations Description :
- applied with friction & rubbing of the skin - whitish yellow emulsion with no phase separation
- usually composed of oily, spirituous, gummy or Uses :
saponaceous substances  lubricating cathartic
- more fluid than ointments Container : WIDE MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
- denser than water Label : WHITE + SHAKE WELL
Alcoholic Liniments Category : ORAL EMULSION
- rubefacient, counterirritant, mildly astringent and Method of Preparation : WET GUM METHOD
penetrating effects Preparation :
- penetrate the skin more readily
Emulsions agents
- two phase systems
- one liquid is dispersed throughout another liquid problems :
(small droplets) which it is immiscible  Creaming
- w/ emulsifying agent - the droplets will temporarily aggregate together
components : - reversible
 Dispersed Liquid – internal / discontinuous phase  Cracking
 Dispersion Agent – external / continuous phase - total separation of the 2 phase system
 Emulsifying agent - intermediate - irreversible
Oil in Water  Phase Inversion
- oil dispersed as droplets in an aqueous solution - o/w to w/o (and vice versa)
- most common - irreversible
- preferred for oral preparations
- oily feel in mouth is objectional Method of identifying emulsion
Water in Oil  Drop dilution test
- water is dispersed as droplets in an oil or - adding 1 drop of water
oleaginous material - aggregation : w/o emulsion
- for external products  Dye solubility
- emollient, lubricating and protective property - sudan red – oil soluble (w/o)
- amaranth green – water soluble (o/w)
types :  Electronic conductivity test
 simple – o/w or w/o - o/w
 multiple – w/o/w or o/w/o  Fluorescence
 microemulsion – 100-1000 amstrong (1A = 0.1 - only oil absorbs uv light
nm) - w/o
method of preparations :
 Continental or Dry Gum Method
- emulsifying agent + oil  + water
 English or Wet Gum Method
- emulsifying agent + water  oil
 Bottle or Forbes Bottle Method
- put all in bottle then shake
 Auxiliary Method  SLS – shampoo, body wash
- hand homogenizer  enhance different emulsions  HLB – hydrophilic lipophilic balance
 In Situ Soap
- lime water Prep 28 – CHALK MIXTURE
- calcium & soft soaps
 Microemulsion Synonyms :
- heavy machineries  Mixture de Creta
- most stable kind of emulsions  Mistura Cratae
Description :
- whitish mixture containing insoluble substances
Uses :
 antacid
types of emulsifying agents : Container : NARROW MOUTH FLINT BOTTLE
1) Natural Label : WHITE + SHAKE WELL
 Animal Category : MEDICATED MIXTURE
- Gelatin : Egg yolk : Casein : Woolfat : Cholesterol Method of Preparation :
 Vegetable Preparation :
- Acacia : Tragacanth : Carrageenan : Condrus :
Pectin : Caraya Mixtures
2) Synthetic - particle size is less than 0.5 micrometers
 Finely divided solid – Mg(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , Mg - aqueous liquid preparation containing suspended
trisilicate (suspensoid) insoluble solid substances
 Colloid – kaolin, bentonite magma - for internal use
 Anionic – sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) - consists of a liquid holding an insoluble medicinal
substance in suspension by means of acacia,
 Cationic – benzalkonium Cl, cetylpyridinium CL
sugar or some other viscid material
 Nonionic - PEG 400, span, tweens - use of suspending or thickening agent
 Amphotenic - lecithin - solid in liquid
characteristics :
Activity HLB Value  very finely divided state
Antifoaming 1-3 - suspend more readily
Emulsifier 3-6 - settle out much slowly than large particles
(w/o) - result : uniform dosage
Wetting agent 7-9  colloidal
Emulsifier 8-18 - better as protective & adsorbent on inflamed
(o/w) surfaces
Detergents 13-16  palatability
Solubilizing 15-20 - associated with colloidal agent
 - organic HG  pectin paste, tragacanth jelly
 Shake Well Label (for mixtures and other preps w/ - natural & synthetic gums  methylcellulose, Na
insoluble particles) CMC
 Chalk – CaCO3 - inorganic HG  bentonite gel, veegum, silica
 Suspension – bigger term (solid in solid, liquid or  organogels
gas) - HC type  petrolatum, mineral oil, polyethylene
gel (Plastibase)
Prep 29 – ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GEL - Animal & vegetable fats  lard, cocoa butter
- Hydrophilic organogels  carbowax bases, PEG
Synonyms : ointment
 Colloidal Aluminum Hydroxide
 Amphojel Prep 30 – CALAMINE LOTION
 Alternagel
Synonyms :
 Lotio Calamine
Description :
Description : - liquid dispersion with pinkish color
- white viscous, translucent gel Uses :
Uses :  antipruritic
 antacid Container : NARROW MOUTH FLINT BOTTLE
 for heartburn & hyperacidity
Container : WIDE MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
Label : WHITE
Category : MEDICATED GEL Label : RED
Method of Preparation : Category : LOTION
Preparation : Method of Preparation :
Preparation :
Gels
- jellies Lotions
- semi solid systems consisting either of suspension - “ washes, lotio, lavare “
made up of small inorganic particles or large - o/w emulsions with cetearyl alcohol (keep
organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid emulsion together)
- semirigid systems - aqueous liquid or sometimes alcoholic suspension
- movement of dispersing medium is restricted by w/ insoluble materials
an interlacing 3D network of particles or solvated - for external application w/o rubbing
macromolecules of the dispersed phase - antibiotic, antiseptic, antifungal, corticosteroid,
- thixotropic suspensions (semisolid on standing ; anti-acne agent, soothing, smoothing,
liquid on being shaken ; single-phase systems of moisturizing or protective agent
synthetic macromolecules or natural gums)
types :
classifications :  medicated
 inorganic hydrogels  cosmetic
- 2 phase system
- aluminum hydroxide gel and bentonite magma method of preparations :
 organic  Trituration – calamine lotion
- single-phase system  Chemical Reaction – white lotion
- may include gelling agents : carbomer &
tragacanth  White Lotion – zinc sulfate + sulfurated potash
 hydrogels