SUMMARY OF 2 QUARTER LESSONS

Magnets and Electromagnetism

- The phenomenon of magnetism is associated with iron that is attracted by permanent
magnets that can also be made of iron compounds. Naturally occurring magnetic, one of
iron oxides, showed magnetic properties and was used to build a navigating device
compass. Historically, magnetism was observed even before the man kind started
producing metals. Compass is a small magnet that points to the N pole with this N pole
and south with its S pole.
ANALOGY BETWEEN MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC DIPOLES

 Two unlike poles attract each other

 Two poles repel each other
ELECTROMAGNETISM HISTORICAL

 Alessandro Volta ( 1745-1827 ) – invented electric battery that gave possibility to

expirement with electric current.
 Hans Christian Orsted (1777-1851) – discovered magnetic field produced by electric
current.
 Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836) – elucidated forces acting between wires carrying
electric current.
 Michael Faraday (1791-1867) – discovered electromagnetic induction.
 Joseph Henry (1797-1875) – discovered self induction.
 Henrich Lenz - studied electromagnetic induction. Formulated lens law

MAGNETIC FIELD OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

A magnetic field is a force field that is created by magnetic dipoles and moving electric
charges, and it exerts a force on other nearby moving charges and magnetic dipoles. Magnetic
field is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.
MAGNETISM
Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other.
Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges. Every substance is made up of tiny units
called atoms. Each atoms has electrons, particles that carry electric charges.
- (M) MAGNETIZATION
- (B) DENSITY FLUX
- (H) MAGNETIC FORCE

FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
Ferromagnetic materials are those materials which exhibits a spontaneous net magnetization
at the atomic level, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. When placed in an
external magnetic field, ferromagnetic materials are strongly magnetized in the direction of the
direction.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating electric current with a magnetic field.
As long as the conductor is part of a closed circuit, current will flow through it. The faster the
magnet or coil moves, the greater the amount of current that is produced.
There are two types of electromagnetic induction:
1. Mutual Induction – when changing current in one coil includes an EMF in the other.
2. Self Induction – the property of the current carrying coil that resists or opposes the
change of current flowing through it.
FARADAY’S LAW INDUCTION
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, an electromotive force is induced.
Likewise, if the conductor circuit is closed, a current is induced, which is called induced current.

INDUCED MAGNETISM
Induced magnetism is a non-magnetized magnetic material coming into contact with a pole of
a permanent magnet. Consequently, the unmagnetized materials becomes a magnet. As soon
as the magnetic field disappears, the magnetism of the magnet is lost.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The electromagnetic spectrum is comprised of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
that propagate energy and travel through space in the form of waves. Longer wavelengths with
lower frequencies make up the radio spectrum. Shorter wavelengths with higher frequencies
make up the optical spectrum. The EM spectrum includes: radio waves, infrared, visible light,
ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays, these waves do not have exact dividing region.

THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS TOGETHER

Electric and magnetic fields, also known as electromagnetic fields (EMF), consist of waves of
electric and magnetic energy moving together.

MICROWAVES
Microwaves have smaller wavelengths than radio waves. They are used in satellite
communications, radar, television, transmission, and cooking.

LIGHT: MIRROR AND LENSES

MIRROR 2 TYPES OF SPHERICAL MIRROR
1. Specular/Regular - Smooth
2. Defuse/Irregular – Rough
2 MIRROR
1. Concave – moves away
2. Convex – moves towards
4 PRINCIPAL RAYS IN THE MIRROR
1. PF RAY C – Center of curvature
2. FP RAY V – Vertex
3. CC RAY F – Focal Point
4. V RAY
C – the center which point of a mirror
V – center of your mirror
F – located between
LENSES
PRINCIPAL RAYS OF LENSES
1. PF RAY
2. FP RAY
3. V RAY
2 TYPES OF LENSES
1. CONVEX – IS ALSO CALLED CONVERGING LENS
2. CONCAVE – IT IS ALSO CALLED DIVERGING LENS
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED IN 2ND QUARTER
I have learned that we use electricity to power computers and to make motors go and
magnetism makes a compass point north and keeps notes stuck onto our refrigerator. And we
use mirrors and lenses to reflect and refract light and form images.
 THANKYOUU!!!

SUBMITTED BY : RHEA JOY VILLANUEVA

MAGDALYN ALAY
JONISSA HANDATU
JULLIAN PENAS
OLLY MAE DENIAL
SUBMITTED TO: HERMY PEDREGOSA