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15.11.2022

We use S.pres.cont.

1. To talk about actions happening at the time of speaking

We are listening to the class now / at the moment.
2. To talk about actions happening not only at the time of speaking, but happening around the time of
speaking (recently)
This year I am learning English.
This term I am learning how to play the guitar.
3. To talk about temporary actions
We are watching especially news programmes these days.
---------------------------------------------------
4. To talk about actions in the future
I am going to İstanbul tomorrow.
5. To talk about changing situations
I am putting on weight / am getting fatter these days.
6. To complain about something with “always”
Stop it, you are always shaking the desk.

Look up
Compulsory
Learning English is easy.
It is easy to learn English.

What makes you think that? (What are the clues?)

I think they are in library. It can not be a library because it is forbidden to read something a loud.
In a typical lesson teachers do not read everybody reads it individualy so it is unusual.

There is a man and he is reading a book.

There are some other people around him and they are listening to him.

I write new words to memorise them.

I think it is a good idea because it is good to talk to your classmates in the class.
I think it is a good idea because in this way students can improve their speaking skills.

I don’t think it is a good idea bc. writing is also another good of practising your language.
It may be boring to spend the whole day just practising speaking.

I would like to have it so as to improve our speaking skills.

Know
Do you know me? (Beni tanıyormusun?)>>> Are you knowing me? XXX
Have (possession) I am having XXX

Who do you usually sit next to?

Who usually sits next to you?

What makes you think that/ What are the key words?

The podcast about amazing ways for students to travel to school.

My mum drives me to school.

I get a lift.

Who travels to school by bus?

Does Louise usually travel to school by bus?

Sometimes he walks to school= He sometimes goes toschool on foot.
It protects the environment.
It prevents air pollution.
It helps to keep fit , to have healthy heart.
It is also beneficial / useful for you physciologically bc. it heilps you free your mind.

Free bcycle apps/ Rental bicycles

Public Running

There is a triathlon organazisation that happens every year and anybody can join.

Zoe feels annoyed with Lucas because the librarian has warned them just because of the noise they are
making and she thinks that Lucas is responsible for that.

How do you usually come to school?

I usually come to school by shuttle/service bus.
I just sit and travel.
I sometimes play games on my mobile. / surf on the internet.

The podcast is about amazing way people travel to school.

Her mother drives her to school.

I get a lift everymorning.

Why does he sometimes walk to school?

He sometimes walks to school because the bus is crowded.

M 2 18.11.2022 Friday

Dining hall this is the place where we eat for example at school>>> dining room

Chemistry is the study of electricity and atoms

Hallway synonym for that is corridor

What do you usually do at the weekends?

Non-progressive: has cannot be used in S.Present Cont. (possesion)

I have a brother.
X
Have a breakfast : I am having a breakfast now. / I always have a breakfast in the morning.

What happens?
What does happen XXX

Who loves ice-cream?

Can you give me a lift to school?

What time do you usually finish school?

I usually finish school at two p.m.

What time does the school finish? It finishes at two p.m.

My favourite subject is English because this is an international language/ I need it for school.

I don’t enjoy studying Maths because I find it difficult.

I am / We are learning S.P.Cont. Tense.

I am not doing any sports these days / this term.

I am listening to Classical Music theses days.

The most stressful one is your losing your phone.

“You lose your phone.” This is the most stressful one for me because….it means a lot to me.
Bc. I have a difficulty in my attendance.
Bc. he or she is my close friend.
……..This is the least stressful one for me because bc. my parents are understing. It doesn’t matter.
Bc. I don’t to want to fail and repeat the Prep Class fort he next year.
Bc. exams are always stressful for me. I get nervouse during the exams.

You need to free your mind so you need to take a break and do some other things such as physical activities.

I try to revise the subjects I learn at school regularly so I do not need to revişe for hours before the exam. In
this way you don’t feel stressed at all.
Exams have an important influence on us.

If I don’t / can’t help them, they don’t mind it.

It means a lot to me.

I am afraid of failure.

When you lose your phone, it is better to try to think this is not the end of the world.

So as to avoid the streess of losing your phone, you must take care of it carefully.

I do breath exercises.
I give breaks. For example: I spend time with my friends and free my mind./ I play the guitar.
I study regularly so I don’t need tos pensd a lot of time for revising.

21.11.2022 Tuesday M 23
(S.past/ S.present perfect/ S.past perfect)

S. Past Tense
-Olup biten olayları (completed actions)
-Oluş zamanı veya tarihi verilebilir (time expressions about when the action happened)

1. To be (olmak/ dır/ dir) (esas fiil yok) >>> am / is /are

am >> was
is >>> was
are >>> were

I am in the class now.(S.Present) I was in the class yesterday. (S.Past)

You a student.
He is late at the moment. He was late two days ago.
We are in unit 5 right now. We were in unit 4 last week.

2. Esas fiil olup (to be olmayan)

I study at KOU.(okuyorum) I studied at A.University between the years of 1990-1994.
I don’t study at K.Technical University. I didn’t study ……
Do you study at K.U.? Did you study at K.U.?

3. I am studying. (Ben ders çalışıyorum). S.Present Cont.

I was studying.( Ben ders çalışıyordum.)

I arrived home at 6.00 yesterday.

I worked at a collaege in İst.
Study >>> I studied at Atatürk High Scool.

come >>> came >>> come

I left home at 7.30 yesterday.

Modal verbs
can ability (Present) >>> could (Past)

I can swim. >>> I could swim when I was five.

Appearnce means how a person looks/ physical characteristics of a person

During
How to be / behave ….
Whole life
Make me love
Grow up

Synonym X antonym

Tidy X untidy /messy

Was it easy for him to read when he was a child?

Who had the same problems that he had? Henry W. had the same problems.

What was difficult for him to do?

It was very difficult for him to read. / He couldn’t read well.

When couldn’t he read well?

What was the name of the programme that / which he watched one day ?
The name of the programme that / which he watched one day / It was H.Zipper.

Who did you see on the Street yesterday?

How old was she when she died? She was 63 when she died.

When did she die? She died in 1993.

1900 nineteen hundred
1901 nineteen oh one
2000 two housand
2003 two thosand and three

She was born in…..

Where was she born? She was born in Belgium.

When did she start acting? She started acting in 1951.

Why was it diffucult for her to be in Holland? It was difficult for her to be in Holland because they couldn’t
leave Holland and spent the war there.
Suzie is the girl with the blue hat
She is wearing a hat.
She has a hat.

What is wearing?
What clour trousers is she wearing?
Ling is in a pink and white dress.

She is wearing a skirt with flowers on it.

They suit Bill.
A pair of shoes

Handsome/ pretty/ beautiful

He is in early-thirties/ mid-thirties / late-thirties
Hazel
Long/ round/ moustache
Avarage-height
Fat / over-weight
She / he is blonde.
She has got fair hair.

They are more polite.

It is important so as not to discourage them./ so as to make them be /feel happy
It is not nice to be rude.

24.11.2022 M 2
What is remarkable in the photo?
What is different in the photo?

In the photo we see the “Hippis”.

-Men started to have / had long hair as a part of this movement./ Male’s hair was long.
-People wore torn jeans.
-They wore bandanas on their heads.
-They had long beard.
Today people can also wear similar things and have have long beard and hair.

This photo is about how people wore in the past.

When did Elsa’s grandfather have wavy hair and a beard?
He had wavy hair and a beard when he was young.

How old was she in the photo?

Was he bald when he was young?

When did he go bald? He went bald when he was 40.

How old was he when he went bald?

*****When was she born?

When did you take this photo?

I took this photo when we saw D.B.

I took this photo in 1973.

Who did you go with? Özne belli sorun kişi nesne?

Who usually goes shopping with you?

Who went shopping with you? Özne nin sorularda

How old were you when you met your best friend?

What did you do when you were four years old?

I was / got suprised.

Usual = ordinary X unusual =

It was fashionable then.

Stereotype

Board games

Nonsense=illogical

Gender

Tradition

Habit

There are stereotypes about the toys related with gender. It is nearly the same all around the world so it is
the same Turkey. I grew up in Turkey and it was the same for me.

As a boy I played with toy cars and legos. I liked to play with them because I was very creative. They were
my favourite toys. I liked to play them with my cousins.

2. There are stereotypes about the toys related with gender. It is nearly the same all around the world so it
is the same Turkey. I grew up in Turkey and it was the same for me.

I think it is important for boys and girls to play with the same toys because of some reasons.

First, they develop different skills. For example, girls have difficulty in learning how to drive because they
don’t play with toy cars. Similary, boys do not play with baby dools so they have difficulty in looking after/
taking care of their babies.

Secondly, it is about traditions but I think they should change.

To sum up/ All in all, I think it is important for boys and girls to play with the same toys because of some
reasons.

4. Traditions are important for most of the people around the world. They are about people’s life styles.
They teach people how to behave so people learn and then have stereotypes in their minds.
The situation in Turkey is also like this. We like our traditions and they tell us; blue is the colour for boys
and pink is the colour for girls. Our

They grew up in similar way so they want their children to do same thing.

It doesn’t matter what they play with whether they are boy sor girls..

We can’t seperate toys according to gender.

Actually we teach children stereotypes and it continuous like that in the future.

The tradition of blue for boys and pink for girls is so strong in Turkey.

It has got many reasons. The first reason is that it is just because parents grew up like that they also grow
their children up like this. Especially, for elderly this tradition is important.

The second / Another reason is that the colour pink symbolizes kidness but the colur blue symbolizes
bravery.

The third reason is that people care about it so much.

Finally it is a stereotype.

I don’t agree with the idea because girls are more frigile but boys are more rude so it is normal for girls to

play with baby dolls while it is normal for boys to play with toy cars.

We can not categorize toys according to gender.

I t is wrong to categorize toys according to gender.

24.11.2022 E1

How much was it?

How much did you pay for it? I paid 50 Euros for it.

Where did you buy your mobile phone? I bought it from a shopping mall.

Who did you go to the great party with?

Who went to the great party?

Who goes to the great party?

Who is it? Who was it?

Did you meet your best friend when you were 4 years old?

Did you know how to play the guitar?

Happy >>> I am /was happy

Get happy
Did you get happy when they gave you the guitar?

What was the name of the game you played? The name of the game we played was …..

How much homework did your Maths teacher give you? She gave us a lot of hm.

Toy bears

Baby dolls

Toy cars

25.11.2022 M 2

They don’t look similar / They don’t have similar apperances.

Both of them are wearing black clothes. / They are both wearing black clothes.

What is similar about the two people in the photo A is that they are both wearing black clothes.

What is different about the two people in the photo A is that they don’t look similar.

They have similar beard style.

They have the same colour of hair.

Their faces aren’t similar. / Their faces don’t have similar features.

They both have beard and moustache.

Doppelganger is someone who just looks like you but not a part of ypour family

Similar >>> similarity

Their faces are similar. There is a lot of similarities in their faces.

Different >>> difference

Their faces are different. There is a lot of differences in their faces.

These people are infact not twins, they just look the same in their appearances.

Lookalike nformal someone who looks very similar to someone who is famous

identical especially used for twins when the two people have exactly the same physcial features

identical twins

via =through

I do not look like a famous person. I don’t know anybody who looks like a famous person.

The first advantage of being famous is that having a lot of money and everything.

The second advantage of being famous is that they have a lot of fans.

Another advantage of being famous is that you keep in touch with more people.

The first disadvantage of being famous is that you can not feel free because everybody knows you.

I wouldn’t like to be a famous person because when a person becomes famous, they change./ I don’t want
any restrictions in my life./ They have no pricivacy.
I would like to be famous as a beautician because in this way I would become friends with celebrities.

It is about life in 1960-70s in England.

Their clothes look old so I think it is about life in England past.

Video-

1. Back in time is a TV programme.

2. They experienced different life styles in differents in decades.

3. Their clothing, the desing of the house and their hobbies changed everweek.

4. Seth hopes to learn about the past.

5. Mum Steph wanted the family to stop using ther phones.

6. They could talk and listen to eachother.

I wouldn’t like to take part in the programme because I don’t like the life style of those years.

I would like to take part in the programme bc. it would be fun.

29.11.2022 M 23

Poet is a person who writes poem

Director is a person directs a play

He is very talented/ skillful.

Exhibition/ art gallery is the place where they exhibit works of art ame

What is the name of the Oscar winning fim/ movie as the longest.

I think he is not honest.= I don’t think he is honest.

I don’t think he is not honest.= I think he is honest.

Do you think watching a film at the cinema is better than watching a film at home?
Paragraph

Topic sentence: I think / In my opinion watching a film at the cinema is better than watching a film at home
because of several reasons.

Firstly / First of all,/ To start with, the screen is wider. For example, an average screen is 5 to 10 meters so
you can enjoy watching the visiual effects.

Secondly / Another reason is that the quality of the sound is better. For instance, at the cinema there is the
dolby sound surround system so you feel inside the movie.

Finally / the last reason is that the atmosphere in side the cinema. In other words, you feel better whaching
a film together with the people around you.

Concluding sentence: To sum up / All in all / To conclude, because of the reasons mentioned above

I prefer watching a movie at the cinema to watching a film at home.

As I mentioned she is a talented, helpful and funny person as a character. Physically / Let me tell you about
her appearance. She is tall and slim,

I don’t know anybody as inspiring as my mother.

Unusual =extraordinary

I went to İst. for shopping.

I went to İst. to do shopping.

I think it is important for boys an girls to play with the same toys because when they play with toys, their
communication skills improve.

I think there is no gender for the toys.

I think it is because of traditions./ I think it is just because we have traditions.

Ordinary / commonly played

I was a kinestetic child so I liked to play sports and play sportive games. My favourite game was basketball.
When I played basketball, I felt happy…..

30.11.2022 M 23

Tomato festival festival takes place in Spain in spring. People throw tomatoes to eachother.

Rio Festival is one of the most popular / well-known festivals in the world. It is about dancing and music.

I don’t remember. What did it start?

I don’t remember what it started.

How many people go there? 180000 people

What is the number performers?

How much does the cheapest ticket cost?

What is the price of the cheapest ticket?

Who is/does/X >>> Who thinks

What are the benefits of being volunteer?

Helping people and the environment is a good idea.

They enjoy the festival at the same time.

I think it is a good experience of life time.

I would like to do any kind of job at a musical festival.

I would like to cook food because people say that I am good at / talented in cooking.They appreciate my
dishes.

Any kind of job related with preparing food is fine for me because I am interested in cooking.

Prevent

I would like to manage the virtual side of the festival on the web because I am an active user of social media.

The bad sides of volunteering.

The first one is that people can make you upset because of their rudeness

The second one is that you can feel irritated because of the rubbish in the environment.

The third one is that you can be effected in a bad way such as bad weather conditions

There are good things about volunteering.

The first one is that self satisfaction

The second one is that you can enjoy the festival for free

Another one is that the number of people you know increases.

Morever, you help the environment.

The final one is that you gain experience of a life time

Audiance

Spectators

Judges

audition
M 2 1.12.2022

Budget

Audiance

Spectators

Cast

Special effects

Dissapointing

Plot

Predictable

----------------------,

Unpredictable, unusal, complicated

Scene >>> scenary =view

Key Word: Scary, soundtrack, special computer effects, not funny

There are a lot of directors around the world. They make different kinds of films but we don’t know most of
their names. The ones we remeber are the directors who/ that make unusual and succesful films. Among the
succesful directors;

A succesful director needs to have some characteristics/ qualities such as/like confident, creative and patient.

My favourite director is……….. . What makes him/ her succesful is that he/ she is a creative person. Another
reason is that he / has many awards.

……. , ….., are some of the films he/she made. My favourite is …….. . The film has an unpredictable and an
original ending. The leading actors and actresses are…… . I still remember the character…… . H / she acted
very succesfully. I think it was the help of the director…… Tos um up, because of these reasons, in my opinion
…..is the most succesful director.

interact

Skillful; s.o. who has the ability

What makes a director successful?/ What type of a person makes a good director?

I have enough money to take a taxi.

I am confident enough to speak in English.

Rewrite

I am not as talanted as my best friend.

My best friend is more talented than me.

We are too young to go to the concert.

We are not old enough to go to the concert.

The film I don’t like is …. = I don’t like ….. as a film.

The film I don’t like is Avatar. I don’t like it because it is too long.

A type of music I don’t listen to is Hip-up because it is not catchy / good enough for me to listen.

I can’t stand Heavy Metal music it is too noisy.

I couldn’t finish the book “Tutunamayanlar” because it isn’t fluent enough.

I never watch horror films because they are too scary.

gripping

E 1 1.12.2022

Documetary is a kind of programme which /that gives information about a a certain topic such as animals
and so on.

Drama is a programme designed for tv or theatre usually is about an exciting event or series of events

Fantasy is a programme which /that is about an imaginary or unreal event

Science fiction films are the ones which are unreal or imaginary and especially about space and travel to the
planets

Budget

Scary

Audiance > spectators

Cast a list of actors and actresses (performers)

Soundtrack recordings of the musics and songs in a film

Special effects

Computer graphics

Unreal

Disappointing sth.makes you thing suprised bc.of not meeting your expectations

Plot story of a film

Predictable sth. which you can guess the end of

Review short writing criticisizing a film

It appeals to young people more.

Plot is story of /series of events about the main character Harry

Catchy

It is combination of a comedy and a drama.

Fluent and catchy

Confident is s.o. who trusts / believes in himself or herself

Creative is s.o.who produces or uses original or unusual ideas

Easy-going s.o whom you van easily contact with

Patient s.o. who doesn’t get angry

Talented= skillful

What type of a person makes a good director?

Quality>>> qualities

It is too expensive so we can’t buy.

It is very expensive but we can still buy it.

It is cheap enough so we can buy. I have got enough time so we can have a cup of tea.

It is not cheap enough so we can’t buy.

Rewrite

My best friend is not as confident as me.

I am more confident than him/her.

It is too expensive so we can’t buy.

It is not cheap enough so we can’t buy.

The film I don’t like is…..because it is long.

I don’t like the film….. because it is not interesting enough.

The type of music I don’t listen to is Rap because it is too loud/noisy.

The book you didn’t finish was ….. because too boring.

The type of film I never watch is Horror films because I am scared.

My favourite director is…. . What make this director good are that he/she is patient because he /she
repeated some of the scenes in the film “…..” . In addition to this, he /she is a creative person because his
films are unexpexted. For example the film “…” is a good for this. Finally he /she is an easy-going person so
he / she always gets on well with his / her actors and actresses.

M 2 04.12.2022 ( 02.12.2022 tarihli dersin telafisi)

Unit 6 E-F

graf‧fi‧ti  rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings, trains etc 

The walls are daubed with graffiti.

There are graffities on the walls of the schools in Balıkesir.

In İzmit on the walls of the bridges there are figures of flowers.

There are graffitties on the walls of the public buildings.

I like them because they are beatiful.

I think they look bad.

If they are political, I find them irritating.

Unless they are political, they are works of art.

I think it becomes art, when they do it professionally.

When I get bored, I usually watch afilm and listen to music.

My battery is flat.

What shall we do?

06.12.2022 M 23

Remarkable

What is remarkable in this photo is that there are red double-decker buses.

Her first suggestion is going to open air theatre.

She suggests visiting the British Museum.

Going to a swimming pool is her final suggestion.

Grand Bazaar

Blue Mosque

They are a kind of tourist attraction…./ touristic destination

They were restorated so we visited there last summer.

The importance or the speciality of those houses was that during the Independence War there were
meetings held there.

OMM stand for OdunPazarı Modern Museum

It is a place with wards = It is an award winning place.

Going to future tense Simple Future Tense (will)

a. Önceden planlanmış veya yapılmasına niyet
edilmiş, olay için kullanılır
I am going to meet with an old friend and
have a chat after the class.
b. Olayın gidişatına bakılarak sonucun kaçınılmaz
olduğu veya verilere bakılarak önceden
tahmin edilebildiği
a. Önceden planlanmamış, en çok konuşma anında
yapılan plan
A: What are you going to do after school?
B: I have no plan. May be I will go home.
A: Why don’t we see a film?
B: Ok. Good; I will join you.
b. Kişisel tahmin, veriye dayalı olmayan, ihtimaller
I am a fan of GS.so it will be the champion.
May be/perhaps it will be late.

I am suffering from attendancy problem. I have only one

hour left so I am going to fail.

The infalation rate is going to be over 30 percente.

c. Şahsi olarak hava durumu yorumu yapaıyorsak c. Tv; radyo hava durumu
Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. It will rain today.

*** söz vermek: Ok. I promise I will bring your dictionary tomorrow.

*** rica etmek için: Will you please help me?

*** teklif etmek: Will you marry me? I will carry it for you.

S.Present Cont.

Planlı olayları ( planın detayları netleşmiş yada kesinleşmişse yada zaman olarak daha da yaklaşmışsa, o
vakit going to f.ra kıyasla bu tensi tercih ederiz.

A: What is your plan for the summer vacation?

B 1: I am going to visit my friends in İstanbul.

B2: I bought the tickets yesterday. I am flying to London in August.

B3: Nothing is certain yet. Perhaps, I will stay with my family.

He is going to Bermuda / for a his friend’s wedding/ because his friends are going to married/ to (in order to)
join his friend’s wedding.

Announcements are for; warnings, giving information, / in an emergency

interval

board

selection

belongingsMy intention is to spend the holiday abroad to practice my language. I am going to spend….It
doesn’t attract me / appeal to me> It is not for me

M 2 8.12.2022
Giving Directions

Where is the bus-stop?

Is there a bus-stop near here?

Can you tell me the way to the nearest bus stop?

Could you direct me to the nearest bus-stop?

Can you tell me where the bus*stop is?

How can I get to the nearest bus-stop?

I wonder if there is a bus-stop near here.

I am a stranger here (by myself)

I am lost

Go straight on= Go straight ahead

Go walk to the end of the Street.

Go along the river.

Go past the school

Go over the bridge

Go under the bridge

Go across the Street= Cross the street

Turn left X right

Take the first left and then the second right

It is on the left X right

It is on the right side of the bank

It is opposite the library

It is next to / near …

M2 9.12.2022
The advert is for the people who/ that is nervous about about travelling alone.

It is for the people feeling alone and nervous.

It provides you help to find the perfect travel friend to share the holiday.

It costs nothing. Because it is for free.

She is going to book cheap flights in advance.

M 23 13.12.2022

Gadget = electronic device

3D printer is a kind of printer which can print out 3 dimensional objects by using materials such as plastic

A charger is a device which/that you can fill in the battery of a gadget

A drone is flying device which / that you can with a remote control

A health tracker is a device which / that you can follow your health with

A smarthphone is a kind of mobile phone which/ that you can talk with a live video connection / enables you
to use various smart applications on your mobilephone

A smartwatch is a kind of watch which/ that you can get connected with to your smartphone

A tablet computer is a kind of portable computer

Virtual reality is a technogical term used to express a computer generated simulation of an image

A headset is a device that you use to listen to music with

Wireless headphones device that enables you to listen to music with out using a cable

Socialize It will make us become unsocial.

Online shopping will replace the classical way of shopping.

In this way; you will be able to find what you want easily.

It will be better because we will save time./ have more opprtunity; we will be able to buy at a lower price.

Swandle

It will be easier to track the financial records.

Perhaps we will lose the control of the money we spend.

We will be able to prevent illnesses in advance.

Vaccination

People will get tired less.

I think people will not/won’t let it happen.= I don’t people will let it happen.

She is waiting for the technological advances impatiently.

People will stop using cash and will start using digital currency.

Instead of me robots will do the housework/ chores.

Do you think there will be lessX more traffic problems in the future?

What do you think life will be like in 20 years time/ How will your life change in 20 years time?

It will probably be possible for the humanity tol ive in Mars in 20 years time.

I hope that I will work in the field of construction.

Do you think you will be doing your own job?

M23 14.12.2022

With the help of / thanks to wireless technology today mouses or keyboards don’t need to have a cable.

Speakers are required for the listening exam.

I switch off my computer when I go to bed

because I don’t want the battery to go dead /flat.

so as not to let the battery go off.

How often does he need to charge the battery on his mobile phone?

He often needs to charge his mobile twice a day.

When does the battery of her mobile get lower/go down to 15 percent?

Why does the battery of her mobile phone die so early?

sonuç Because sebep

sebep so sonuç

He says it depends. He sometimes leaves his laptop on when he goes to bed but he always swithes her
desktop off.

We ignore them

We mark them as important/favourite

We sometimes can not down load because of copyrights./ It is restirected.

Userfriendly app

Storage space

storage

interfere

It stops me fall into sleep

Storage device / powerbank

It is a wireless battery charger.

It is a wireless key-chain which /that you can find with the help of an app on your mobile

Hardly ever

ELS English Language Studies (YDS)

M2

It is / seems like they are talking about a technological device/ gadget so the common words they have used
are; battery, hard disk, charge, type

The problem is that the battery dies ( go dead / flat ) very quickly.

She is complaning about sth. which is that it doesn’t even switch on.

Try typing sth. but she can not.

She suggests testing the harddisc.

Broken (v3>adj) It is out of order / it doesn’t work.

Develop (development) = improve = to make sth.better

Discover To find ot sth.that /which already exists for the first time

Produce = manufacture

Come across

Otherwise, some animals will become extinct.

Robots will replace animals in experiments.

Smart gadgets / devices which are connected to the internet such as the sysytem in your house

It makes our lives easier because it saves time and enegry, it makes house hold chores easier and does it
properly.

Charlie manages all the things by using an app called “voice assistant” that works a voice control.

Voice control can not understand the commands/ requests properly. Sometimes there is a misunderstanding.

E 1 15.12.2022

Technological device = gadget

This is / looks like a speaker aand she is talking to the device.

She can control the device by using the voice control feature.

Virtual reality headset

Battery

The battery dies / go off / very quickly.

The battery is flat.

Charge

Type to write with a keyboard

Switch on = turn on

Check the hard disk

To be broken : out of work ( not working)

Graphics

Smart speaker

Ask to play music

Find information

Develop = improve (to make sth. better)

Discover to explore sth.which /that exists

invent to create or design sth. new

experiment (Noun) a test sth.if it is true or right

experiment with (verb)

produce = manufacture,

“The internet of things” means you can control some of the gadgets in the house through the internet.

It makes our lives easier because it is easier to reach/ get the information for example a smart fridge can
inform you about the expiry dates or it can warn you about what is running out in the fridge

It helps you save time and energy.

It reminds you sth.

I am not saying “The internet of things” is rubbish.

They are discussing about if “The internet of things” is useful or not.

I think so…

I think (that) the internet of thing is useful.

I agree with the idea/you.

He plays music by using voice control assistant.

Something goes wrong; voice assistant misunderstands the commands/instructions.

It is not as easy to use as you expect. It is not user friendly.

I am sure that electric cars will replace the ones we are using.

I am sorry to inform you ……..

M 2 16.12.2022

In this photo I see a young man’s face and the writings below tell us how this feels. I think with the help of
technology it is possible to detect the faces and identify the person’s feelings.

This is a photograph of a girl with a robot. She is touching the screen on the robot and doing sth. I think she is
programming the robot. There are are some other robots so in my opinion this is a kind of gallery or a
technoshop where they sell robots.

When we think about ways in which robots can help us in our daily lives; babysitting is one of them. Another
one is that they can help us with the house hold chores such as cleaning the house.
I think the author thinks that computers and robots will become as intelligent as humans one day. He / she
predicts that they will be able to detect the emotions by looking at/ scanning the facial expressions of
humanbeings.

Mood a physiological situation of a person /how he/she feels

İnteraction a process in which people affect eachother

İdentify

İt > they subject pronoun

İt > them object pronoun

Bored

Annoyed

Weird

I prefer communicating face to face bc. (facial expressions) emotions are important. I can understand and be
sure of them when I talk to the person in person.

I prefer communicating face to face because they can understand eachother better.

I find the results in the survey surprising X I don’t find the results in the survey surprising

“Many children prefer texting” and I find the results in the survey surprising because for example my cousin
don’t send / use text messages comparing with the children at his or her.

“ Half of the families with children send text messages to eachother when they are at home.” and and I find
the results in the survey surprising because when they are at home, they don’t need to write text mesaages,
they can talk.

I don’t find the results in the survey surprising because the situation is common today. Another reason for
that people are getting lazier and lazier.

The advantages of texting;

It is quick.

It is easy.

They find enough time to think.

It is a short and effective way of communicating.

You can communicate at any time of the day.

You can delete your message if you don’t want to.

The disadvantages of texting;

People become anti-social.

You have to wait for the reply.

Feelings and the message of the person are not clear.

There can be misunderstandings.

He has a microchip implant under his skin in his hand.

It contains the customer number.

Passengers don’t have to/ need to carry or worry about their tickets.

M 23 20.12.2023

I used to play basketball ( but I don’t play it any more.)

Sensation-seekers; they are people who likes adranaline and doing these kind of sports esp. These kind of
new and unusual activites or sports which are usually dangerous.

Unsual sports: are the ones which are not common

I have never seen it before.

Can > could

Must X have to

I must study. (Present / future)

I must not> mustn’t study.

Have to (-ing, cont. Hariç) I have to study. > I had to study. > I will have to study.

I don’t have to study. > I didn’t have to study. > I won’t have to study.

Must X have to

a. Kişinin içinden gelen zorunluluğu ifade eden durumlarda a. Kişiye dışardan dayatılan zorunluluğu
ifade eder

It is Sunday. I must tidy my room. Mother to the child:

Child to a friend: I have to tidy my room.

*** yapılmadığında ceza, yaptırım ya da

kayıp söz konusudur

b. Otorite olan / kişi ve kaynağından çıkan sözler I have to enter the dormitory before 10.
Mother to the child: ”You must tidy room.”
Warnings, sign You must be quiet.

c. Kaynağı belli olan durumlarda; kural, kanun

You must enter the dormitory by ten o ‘clock.
You must stop when it is red.

d. Mustn’t: yasaklama amacıyla kullanılırken d. Don’t have to/ doesn’t have to …..

You musn’t be late to dormitory. Yasaklamayı ortadan kaldırır/ ister yap ister yapma

There is a bus coming in 5 minutes so we don’t have

to take taxi.

You don’t have to park car into the car park but it is
up to you. It is Sunday. You can either park in front
of the house.

You are not allowed to…./ It is forbidden to…./ It is prohibited…. > You mustn’t V1

You don’t need to… / it is not neccessary… > You don’t have to V1
 Must Srong advice XXX should advice/tavsiye ( yaparsan iyi olur)

You must see this film. (I strongly recommend you) You should / ought to see this film.

Mustn’t X can’t

You musn’t park.( forbidden)

You can’t park.(restirected)

create a cloze test using must / mustn't / don't have to / have to at A 2 level
Here is a cloze test at an A2 level using must / mustn't / don't have to / have to:

"I _____ go to the store today. I have everything I need at home.

a) must b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to

Answer: c) don't have to"

"We _____ drive to work. We can take the bus or train.

a) must b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to

Answer: c) don't have to"

"You _____ turn off your phone in the movie theater. It's disrespectful to others.

a) must b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to

Answer: a) must"

"He _____ eat all of his vegetables. It's good for his health.

a) must b) mustn't c) don't have to d) have to

Answer: c) must"

"She _____ wear a coat in this cold weather. She'll catch a cold.

a) must b) mustn't c) don't have to d) has to

Answer: has to

Sure! Here is a cloze test for an A2 level using must / mustn't / don't have to / have to:

1. You _____ turn off your phone in the library.

2. You _____ eat your vegetables if you don't like them.
3. We _____ be home by 11 PM.
4. You _____ bring a gift to the party if you don't want to.
 5. He _____ wear a suit to the interview.
6. You _____ drink alcohol if you are under the legal age.
7. They _____ submit their project by Friday.
8. You _____ brush your teeth twice a day.

Answers:

1. must
2. don't have to
3. must
4. don't have to
5. must
6. mustn't
7. have to
8. must

M 2 22.12.2022

Write a a dialogue among two people about the following statement at A2 level:

Rewrite the following sentences by using modal verbs

Do you have to tidy room?

It is forbiden to park your car here= You mustn’t park your car.

It is a good idea to do exercise regularly = You should do exercise regularly.

I advice you to study regularly. = You should study regularly.

I advice you not to go to bed late / I don’t advice to go to bed late= You shouldn’t go to bed late.

I strongly advice you to memorize the vocabulary everyday. You must memorize…..

Get injured/ get hurt

Lungs: you can leave yourself breathless

Force your muscles

I don’t agree with the idea saying that “you shouldn’t do any sport you don’t like” because doing sports
whether you like it or not improves yourself.

If you don’t do warm exercise before start, you can / may hurt yourself.

Sports is not just a physical activity, it is also a free-time activity. Some people do sports to get rid of stress.

In one respect

Give up

It makes you love it.(You love it in time).

What’s the problem/ matter?

My feet hurt.= There is a pain in my feet./ I feel pain in my feet.

I have got a temperature. = I have a fewer.

If you have atoothache, you shouldn’t eat too much sweeet things.

Painkiller

Herbal tea such as ginger, linden tea with honey

Martin wants to catch his sister’s illness because he doesn’t want to g oto school or in short so as not to take
the exams.

She is suffering from stomachache and tempetature.

Martin wasn’t feeling ok./ He was feeling ill last week. He only had a cold.

Martin is feeling worse than than Jo but he is suffering from the same symptoms as Jo.

You should see a doctor/ have a rest/ should put your feet upper than your body/ painkiller

If you feel headhache…..you should go to sleep / let your eyes relax / to have relief

If you suffer from temperature and sore throat….you should have a cool shower to lower your temperature

Try herbal remedies

Mint tea with lemon

Take some medicine

He wants to become ill because he doesn’t want to go to school so as to get rid of the exam.

He wasn’t feeling well last week.

She had a temperature./ a fewer and a stomachache.

He looks terrible and has the same symphtoms as Jo.

M 2 23.12.2022

Because of there is no gravity makes it hard to do some of the simple tasks or things that we on earth easily.

Here this photo we can see an astronut floating in space, if the astronout was/ were on earth he/ she could
just step on the ground and can manage what he/she is dealing with.

He is trying to was his hair but as you can see it is seems harder to cope with it because of not having gravity
his hair is floating in space. So as to overcome this problem, he is trying to stick them together/ he is trying to
hold them because are preventing his eye-sight.

He is trying to do exercise but again because of not gravity, he has difficulty in walking so he fixed himself on
both sides.

They are sleeping with a speacial outfit and they are using eyepadsover their eyes.

Easy-going s.o.whom you can communicate with or get on well with easily

To experience the knowledge or feelings you get by things you have done or you are trying to do

Consume dairy-products

You should avoid stress.

You should do meditation.

You must go for a walk to prevent cardiac problems.

You must do exercise regularly.

You musn’t go to sleep without removing your make.

You should avoid having strong sunlight and use sun-protection creams.

You should have a healthy diet.

You should consume enough water.

The main thing is that you should respect to eachother and listen to the others in the teams.

You should obey the rules to be able to work in dicsipline.

You shouldn’t act individually you must respect the others.

I don’t agree with idea, on the contrary we should be able to present our ideas individualy because they are
important to be innovation.

Sharing the tasks in a team work is important to overcome the problems.

You should be creative to overcome the problems.

Flexibility is an other important criteroin because you need to be open to new ideas and / or share ideas and
discuss.

The best thing about living in space is being close to the other planets / you get older slower / watching the
view space is wonderful /

The worst thing about living in space is that there is no gravity because it makes simple tasks more difficult to
do.

Not sleeping on a bed is the most difficult aspect of living in a spaceship.

The most difficult aspect of living in a spaceship is that you have to sleep tied to on a wall.

27.12.2022 M 23

S.Past Tense ( olup -bitmiş / olayın oluş zamanı verilmek isteniyorsa)

We finished unit 9 (yesterday).

S.Present Perfect Tense

1. S.Past a benzer biçimde yine olup biten bir olayı anlatabiliriz fakat oluş zamanı verilmeden

We have finished unit 9.

*** o biten olayla arasında bağ kurmak / haber verme bazında

2. Olayın kendisi bitmiş ancak etki veya sonuçları şuan görülen olaylar için kullanırız,

There has been an earthquake so peopleare still on the streets.

It hit Gölcük at 3 a.m. yesterday. (S.Past)

3. Olay olmaya başlamış ama halen devam ediyorsa yada enazından şuana kadar süregelmişse

I have lived in İzmit since 1972.yaşıyorum./ yaşamaktayım

4.tecrübelerimizi anlatırken

I have never eaten sushi.

I have once eaten Sushi.

Olayın oluş zamanı değil fakat sadece ne kadar süredir devam ettiğine dair süreç ifade eden zaman ifadeleri

For: şuan-olayın başlangıç noktası= nekadar süre geçtiği

You have learnt English for 3 months.

Since: den beri, olayın başlangıcını referans alarak

Tarih referans oarakalınabilir You have learnt English since last October.

Olayın başladığını ifade eden S.Past cümle You have learnt English since the school started.

Olayın baş. Referans veren isimleşmiş bir ifade You have learnt English since the begining of the school.

Yet : halen / henüz ? / - Have you finished your hm. yet? No,I haven’t finished it yet.

Already: zaten, çoktan + Yes, I ‘ve already finished it.

Just: henüz, daha şimdi + Yes,I have just finished it.

When did you start learning English?= How long ago did you start learning English?

How long have you learnt English? ( ne kadar süredir İng. öğreniyorsun?)

I have never seen an elephant in its habitat. ( tercübelerimizi de byu tensle anlatabiliyoruz.)

I have once seen an elephant.

This is the first time I have seen an elephant.

They are becoming extinct./ They are endangered animals.

Environmentalists are collecting the rubbish which the others throw away.

They are trying to protect the eco-system.

She has worked for / at a zoo in England before.

Have you ever eaten sushi in your life?

I have lived in= been in İzmit since I was born/ since my birth./ since in 1972.

Been to ( bir yere gidildiği ve dönüldüğü anlamındadır)

I have been to Germany before. ( ben daha önce Almanyaya gitmiştim.)= I went to Germany.

Go > went > gone kişinin gittiği ve halen dönmediği (I / you / we have goneXXXXX)

Been to= went X gone (I / you / we have goneXXXXX)

I have been to Germany before.(gitmiştim)= I went to Germany last year.

He has has gone (out). Dışarı çıktı ( He is still out> he hasn’t come back yet)

I have been to abroad. To kullanılmaz here/ there

Have you ever climbed a mountain?

No; I haven’t.

No, I haven’t climbed a mountain because I don’t like climbing./ No, I have never climbed a mountain.

Recycle: to seperate some materials such as plastic, paper and etc to be able to use again

Rubbish bin = waste bin

Since she left school, I haven’t seen her.

I haven’t seen her since she left school.

How people are there in the party?

How many people were there in the party?

How many people will there be in the party?

How many people have there been in the party?

M 2 29.12.2022

Rubbish

The problem in this photo is the environmental pollution. People have thrown rubbish on the beach/ on the
ground

450 four hundred and fifty

2376 two thosand, three hundred and seventy six

12376 twelve thosand, three hundred and seventy six

124376 one hundred and twenty-four thosand, three hundred and seventy six
100.000 a /one hundred thousand

Million

Billion

Trillion

Dissolve: For a solid when you mix with a liqued to become part of it

The problem is that plastic can not dissolve when left in nature for about 100 years

Forbid= ban

It isforbidden> you mustn’t

Looking at the text we can understand that they are only 10 and 12 so they are verysmall to start a campign
like that. By looking at their ( considering their) we can understand that even school children can do sth. To
protect the environment.

To become extinct: to disapper for animal species

Endangered animals: animals which are under the risk of becoming extinct

In Turkey it is impossible to find an example of a campaign against the use of plastic bags but the government
passed a law and then it started to be given with Money.

There are containers to collect the waste oil in the house because oil doesn’tdissolve in water easily

In Turkey there is a campaign collect plastic bottles covers, when the number of plastic covers of bottles
reach 100.000 they give a wheelchair fort he disabled people.

There is a campaign about refilling containers of the empty detergants.

Reforestiration X defrostration

Although it is nutrious fort he soil, it is not ok so as not to cause environmental pollution and additionaly it
takes a long time to decompose.

It is not also ok.so as not to feed the insects and flies

I would like to ban chopping the trees so as to prevent / stop defrostration.

I would like to ban hunting considering the animal rights / so as not to kill them for their fur / so as not to
lose the balance in nature/

-having a picnic in public areas such as beaches

We can convince them by

-encouraging them for leading them recyling the used plastic containers to earn money.

-by passing detering laws and punishments

-by giving awards to people who help recycling

Unless we seperate waste, the use plastic has always been a problem for the environment because there
aren’t enough recycling bins/ ignorance or unaweraness of the people /

Most of the fish spices are becoming endangered bcause of uncontrolled hunting and sea pollution

I buy only when I have to or can not find water sold in glass bottles
disappearing

E1 29.12.2022

The environmental problem in this photo is environmental pollution because people have thrown rubbish
on the ground /on the beach./ in Africa.

450 four hundred and fifty

1450 a / one thousand, four hundred and fifty

23450 twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty

423450 four hundred and twenty thousand, four hundred and fifty

A million

A billion

A trillion

Pollute Verb > pollution Noun > polluted Adjective

Wildlife Habitat in which wild animals live / natüre

Forbid= ban

To become extinct: to disappear for an animal species

Endangered adj. for animals which are about to become extinct

Tema in Turkey organizes similar campaigns such as…

Collecting books to recyle at schools…

Collecting waste-oil from houses

Collecting flat batteries

Collecting covers of plastic water bottles is a similar campaign İn Turkey. When you collect 200.000 plastic
covers, they give a free wheelchair.

No,I haven’t heard it before. / It is the first time I have heard of it. It think it is not ok to throw it on the
ground because it loo ks unpleasent/ it causes a bad smell / it causes flies to breed /

I would ban the use of plastic bags because they don’t decompose for 100 years.

Ban the toys run on batteries because batteries contain poisinous chemicals.
Campaigns such as collecting some materials or objects can persuade people to become supporters. For
example people can bring their empty containers and get money in return.

To persuade people strict laws and deterent punuisments can be useful.

Yes,it is a big problem because of that both seas and the environment get polluted.

Not only plastic bags but also industrial wastes causes environmental pollution seriously.

Instead of using plastic bottles, wecan use bottles made of glass.

Because they are endangered animals