New Zealand

Just kidding:)
The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th
century. The most distinctive influences on New Zealand English have come from
Australian English, English in southern England, Irish English, Scottish English, the
prestige Received Pronunciation (RP), and Māori. New Zealand English is most similar
to Australian English in pronunciation, with some key differences. A prominent
difference is the realisation of /ɪ/ (the KIT vowel): in New Zealand English this is
pronounced as a schwa.
For the first half-century or so of European settlement, the Māori language was a
common way of communicating. Early settlers were dependent on Māori for many
things and had to learn to speak the language if they wished to trade with them.
Up to the 1870s, and in some areas for several decades after that, it was not unusual for
government officials, missionaries and other prominent Pākehā (European New
Zealanders) to speak Māori. Despite the emphasis on speaking English, the Māori
language survived.
The Māori language consists of five vowel sounds:
a (‘a’ as in ‘car’)
e (‘e’ as in ‘egg’)
i (‘i’ like the ‘ee’ in ‘tee’)
o (‘o’ as in ‘four’)
u (‘u’ like an ‘o’ in ‘to’)
Vowels can be long or short. A long vowel is signified with a macron above it. For
example:
a, (short vowel) papa (earth)
ā, (long vowel) pāpā (father)
There are eight consonants in Māori, similar to those in English — h, k, m, n, p, r, t, and
w.
There are also two different consonants — ‘wh’ and ‘ng’. Many Māori pronounce the
‘wh’ sound similar to the English ‘f’. The ‘ng’ is similar to the ‘ng’ sound in English
words like ‘sing’, except that in Māori, words can start with ‘ng’.
Phonetic peculiarities of New Zealand English nowadays:
• Occasionally 'r' can be a trilled sound due to the Scottish influence, especially on South
Island.
• /h/ is sometimes dropped in certain mid-sentence pronouns.
• /j/ is not dropped following alveolar consonants in words such as new, duty, tune,
assume.
New Zealand English vocabulary:
bushed (lost or bewildered), chunder (to vomit), drongo (a foolish or stupid person),
fossick (to search), jumbuck (sheep, from Australian pidgin), larrikin (mischievous
person), Maccas (slang for McDonald's food), maimai (a duckshooter's hide; originally a
makeshift shelter, from aboriginal mia-mia), paddock (field, or meadow), pom or
pommy (an Englishman), skite (verb: to boast), station (for a very large farm).
KIWI LANGUAGE

* Trying to demonstrate my knowledge of prt sc button, eh

Here are some Kiwi terms for you to pretend a kiwi (not a bird or a fruit):
 Eh/Aye – compulsory addition to the end of a rhetorical question... "Last night
was bloody good, eh"
 "As" - also added to the end of words: "cold as", "fun as", "drunk as", "mean as" -
used to place emphasis on the word preceding 'as'.
 Heaps - used instead of "lots"... "We saw heaps of dolphins in Kaikoura."
 "Gap it" - to leave/exit the situation
 "ie" – often found at the end of shortened words, e.g. pressie (present), hottie (hot

person), tantie (tantrum), cuzzie (cousin)

 Sweet as – great, as in "sweet as pie"... "That bungy was sweet as!"
 Hard case – someone who has a big personality, may do unusual things but
basically is a real laugh... "Our bus driver's hard case!"
 No worries/No wakas! – no problem!

 Kiwi language is known for its uptalking manner of pronunciation, i.e. affirmative
statements can sound like questions which are quite confusing.

*Yeah nah, I’m continuing playing with prt sc

Yeah nah
 Adds more flow to what is being said.
 Make language more polite,
  An unclear answer.

CA_UK_US
Canadian English British English American English
Kraft Dinner (K.D.) Macaroni & Cheese

Elastics Rubber Bands

Bathroom \Restroom Toilet Bathroom\Washroom \Restroo
(formal) (formal)
Rain gutter Eavestrough
Bathrobe House Coat
Canuck = Canadian
Couch\ Sofa Couch\ Sofa\ Chesterfield
Fire Station Fire Station\ Fire Hall
Otter pops Freezee
(Cloth) napkin Napkin\ Serviette
Hat\ Beanie Bubble hat/ Beanie Toque
Crosswalk Zebra crossing
Sweater Jumper
Good Idea Good shout!
Runners Trainers Sneakers
Wallet Purse
Purse Handbag
Skanky = provocatively Skanky = grabby
dressed
Puckish (old) = hungry
Eggplant aubergine
zucchini courgette
knicks; knickers; nickers pants
pants trousers
cellphone mobilephone
seven thirty (7:30) Half seven

Parkin garague Car park

Sidewalk Pavement

Trank  boot

American British Canadian

1) pronounce each word
clearly, which makes their
speech sound clean with the
exception of the letter “r.”
2) tent to omit the “r” sound
in words, when speaking.
“far,” would sound like
“Fah.
3) Vowels are rounded
tend to enunciate their
vowels with
exaggeration.
Vocabulary words like,
“color,” would be
pronounced “Culaur” in
Canada, and “Culer” by
the British.
 Although Canada and the Verbs such as,
United Kingdom are both “recognize” and
part of the Commonwealth “analyze” end with a "z"
of Nations, and Canada was in Canada,
once ruled by the British
Empire, there does remain
some significant differences
in the way both countries
spell words. and in Britain
they replace the "z" with an
"s" letter, which spells
“recognise” and “analyse.”

Canadian English is
more flexible than
British English, where
spelling rules are more
rigid.
-ou (e.g. colour, behaviour, -o (e.g. color, behavior, Spelling French-derived
mould) mold) words that in American
English end with -or and
-er, such as color or
center, often retain
British spellings (colour
and centre).
-||- -||- Some nouns, as in
British English, take -
ice while matching
verbs take -ise – for
example, practice and
licence are nouns while
practise and license are
the respective
corresponding verbs.
(But advice and advise
are universal.)
to American traveled,
counseling, and marvelous.
In American English, this
consonant is only doubled
when stressed; thus, for
instance, controllable and
enthralling are universal.
(But both Canadian and
British English use balloted
and profiting.
-og (e.g. analog, monolog,
catalog)
*Note that American
English also recognizes
words spelled with –ogue
Pronunciation
1. Words that end in a
consonant sound are often
linked to the following
word if it starts with a
vowel sound.
This arvo
I am a little hungry
Keep it together
Canadian spelling doubling the consonant
sometimes retains the -l-
British practice of doubling
the consonant -l- when
adding suffixes to words
even when the final syllable
(before the suffix) is not
stressed. Compare Canadian
(and British) travelled,
counselling, and marvellous
(more often than not in
Canadian while always
doubled in British)
ise or -yse. Words such as realize
and paralyze are usually
spelled with -ize or -yze
rather than -
Canadians are famous
for saying “eh” at the
end of most sentences
such as: “You never told
me you were coming to
the football game, eh”.
ogue (e.g. analogue,
monologue, catalogue)
Australian English
Vocabulary Grammar
Arvo – afternoon Australian English’s
Avo – avocado reputation as an amalgam
Ambo – ambulance of British and American
Servo –service station English can be understood
Barbie – barbecue more clearly when you
Sanga – sandwich look at its grammatical
Kanga – kangaroo features. For example, in
Blowie – blow fly terms of spelling,
2. The Australian accent
is non-rhotic
The Australian accent is
for the most part non-
rhotic. This means that
the pronunciation of the
/r/ sound will never occur
at the end of words.
Where an American will
say three separate sounds
for the word car /kar/, an
Australian native speaker
will only say /ka:/.
3. The Letter “T” – In
Australian English, the
letter “T” is frequently
softened, making sound
closer to an American
“D.” On the “Cultivated”
end of the Australian
accent spectrum, the letter
“T” is sharper and more
pronounced.
Alternatively, in General
Australian, and even more
so in Broad Australian,
the letter “T” is softened
or omitted entirely. For
example, in Broad or
General Australian, the
word “matter” might
sound more like
“mehdduh.”
4. The Letter “U” –
Australian accent
pronunciation starts with
the vowels, and the most
unique vowel in
Australian English is the
letter “U.” When “U”
follows a consonant, it is
preceded by a “Y” sound,
like in the word “yes.”
Footy – football
Moozy – mosquito
Bottle-o – bottle shop
She’ll be right, mate! –
Don’t worry about it
It’ll be fine
This expression is used
when you want to
convince yourself or
someone else that
everything will be okay.
It’ll be ace!
A ripper of a time! –
These expressions are
used to say that something
is really great.
Tradie – a tradesman
Chippy – a carpenter
Sparky – an electrician
Brickie – a bricklayer
Knock off – to finish
work
Get/be on the piss – to
drink a lot of alcohol
Chuck a sickie – you can
say this expression when
you tell your boss that
you are unwell and you
need to take a day off but
really you just want to do
something more a fun
Take it easy – relax, rest,
chill out;
Calm down
Australian English most
closely resembles British
English. The ‘u’ is
retained in words like
‘colour’ and the ‘ise’
ending is used instead of
the Americanised ‘ize’
suffix on words like
‘realise’/’realize’.
Yet, there are plenty of
exceptions to this. The
word ‘inquire’ is often
used instead of ‘enquire’,
which resembles
American English, while
the word ‘program’ is
used instead of the British
English ‘programme’.
Furthermore, even though
the British English
spelling of ‘labour’ is
most common, the
Australian Labor Party’s
name has an
Americanised spelling
instead.
Much like with British
English, Australian
English has irregular past
tense and past participles
of verbs like ‘spell’ and
‘smell’, so they become
‘spelt’ and ‘smelt’,
respectively. However,
like with American
English, Australians are
more likely to say
numbers like 1,100 as
“eleven hundred”, rather
than “one thousand, one
hundred”.
When dealing with
collective nouns,
For example, the word
“dune” becomes “dyune,”
while “music” becomes
“myusic.”
5. Diphthongs – As the
Australian accent
broadens, the vowels
become longer. In fact,
the Broad Australian
accent has longer vowels
than just about any other
form of English. This is
most noticeable with
diphthongs (the
combination of two vowel
sounds). In Australian
English, the first sound is
generally much longer
than the second one.
Australian English has
more in common with the
American version of the
language. For example,
both Australians and
Americans would say “the
football team has scored a
goal”, whereas in British
English, they would say
“the football team have
scored a goal”.
Interestingly, the naming
of rivers follows either
American or British
conventions, depending
on where in the country
you are. For most of
Australia, the American
naming convention is
used, so the word ‘River’
appears last, as with the
Hudson River or the
Mississippi River. To give
an Australian example, it
would be the Darling
River.
Yet, in Southern
Australia, the British
naming system is used,
with the word ‘River’
appearing first, as with
the River Thames.
Therefore, the river
mentioned above would
be called the River
Darling.