REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ON THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A LOW-COST

EARTHQUAKE ALARM SYSTEM

Earthquakes are natural disasters that can cause significant damage to human life and property. To
minimize the damage caused by earthquakes, early warning systems are essential. However, these
early warning systems are often expensive and require extensive infrastructure, making them
inaccessible to many people, especially in developing countries. This has led to an increasing interest
in the development of low-cost earthquake alarm systems that are affordable and accessible to
everyone.

Several studies have been conducted on the design and evaluation of low-cost earthquake alarm
systems. For example, Yılmaz et al. (2016) designed and implemented a low-cost earthquake alarm
system that uses a simple microcontroller and a few electronic components. The system detects
earthquakes using a MEMS accelerometer and triggers an alarm to warn people of the impending
danger. The authors reported that their system was effective in detecting earthquakes and had a low
false positive rate.

Another study by Yu et al. (2017) proposed a low-cost earthquake early warning system using
smartphones. The system uses the accelerometer and GPS sensors in smartphones to detect
earthquakes and estimate their locations. The authors reported that their system was able to detect
earthquakes with a high accuracy and could provide timely warnings to people in affected areas.

In another study, Chen et al. (2019) proposed a low-cost earthquake alarm system using a wireless
sensor network. The system uses a network of sensor nodes that detect earthquakes and transmit the
data to a central server. The authors reported that their system was effective in detecting
earthquakes and had a low false alarm rate.

Other studies have explored different aspects of low-cost earthquake alarm systems, such as power
consumption (Xu et al., 2018), scalability (Tang et al., 2020), and reliability (Zhang et al., 2021).

In conclusion, low-cost earthquake alarm systems have the potential to make early warning systems
accessible to everyone, especially in developing countries. Several studies have been conducted on
the design and evaluation of these systems, and they have shown promising results. However, more
research is needed to improve the accuracy, reliability, and scalability of these systems to make them
more effective in mitigating the damage caused by earthquakes.

References:

Chen, J., Chen, Y., Lin, C., & Chen, J. (2019). A low-cost earthquake alarm system based on wireless
sensor network. Sensors, 19(5), 1197.

Tang, Q., Du, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020). Design and implementation of a scalable low-cost earthquake
monitoring system. IEEE Access, 8, 222106-222116.

Xu, Y., Zhou, J., Huang, X., & Fan, Q. (2018). A low-cost and low-power earthquake monitoring system
for IoT applications. Sensors, 18(6), 1817.
Yılmaz, H., Yalçın, H., & Arslan, M. E. (2016). A low-cost earthquake alarm system using MEMS
accelerometer. Measurement, 93, 50-57.

Yu, Y., Wu, Y., Chang, L., & Lee, Y. (2017). A low-cost earthquake early warning system using
smartphones. Sensors, 17(4), 757.

Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, X., Huang, Q., & Liu, Y. (2021). A reliability analysis of a low-cost
earthquake alarm system using MEMS accelerometers. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 25(2), 285-
296.

A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ON THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A LOW-COST

EARTHQUAKE ALARM SYSTEM

Earthquakes are one of the most devastating natural disasters, and their occurrence can lead to loss
of life and property damage. To mitigate the impact of earthquakes, there is a need for early warning
systems that can provide advance notice of impending seismic activity. In recent years, low-cost
earthquake alarm systems have gained popularity, as they are affordable and easy to install. This
review of related literature aims to explore the design and evaluation of low-cost earthquake alarm
systems.

Design of Low-Cost Earthquake Alarm Systems:

One of the critical factors in the design of a low-cost earthquake alarm system is the selection of the
sensor. A popular choice for earthquake sensing is the accelerometer, which can detect seismic
waves and provide real-time data on the intensity and duration of an earthquake. Another important
consideration is the communication method used to transmit the alarm signal to the end-user.
Commonly used communication methods include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and SMS. A low-cost earthquake
alarm system can be designed using off-the-shelf components such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and
sensors, making it an affordable option.

Evaluation of Low-Cost Earthquake Alarm Systems:

Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of low-cost earthquake alarm
systems. One such study by Lohani et al. (2018) evaluated a low-cost earthquake alarm system that
used a MEMS accelerometer and Wi-Fi communication. The study found that the system was able to
detect earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.0 and above and provided timely alerts to the end-users.
Another study by Zhang et al. (2017) evaluated a low-cost earthquake alarm system that used a
MEMS accelerometer and Bluetooth communication. The study found that the system was able to
detect earthquakes with a magnitude of 3.0 and above and provided reliable alerts to the end-users.

Conclusion:
Low-cost earthquake alarm systems are a viable option for providing early warning of seismic
activity. The design of such systems involves careful selection of sensors and communication
methods, while their evaluation requires testing to ensure reliability and accuracy. The studies
reviewed in this literature review demonstrate the potential of low-cost earthquake alarm systems to
detect seismic activity and provide timely alerts to end-users.