The more advanced and industrialized nations, mostly found in the northern hemisphere, such as

the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, and Australia, are referred to as the global
north. These nations typically have strong economies, great living standards, and cutting-edge
technology.

The global South, on the other hand, mostly refers to nations in the southern hemisphere that are
less developed and industrialized, encompassing a large portion of Africa, Asia, and Latin
America. These nations typically have weaker economies, lower living standards, and less
developed technology. These phrases are frequently used while talking about difficulties
involving international trade, economic growth, and political power dynamics.

The split of the world during the Cold War era gave rise to the labels "global North" and "global
South," with the global North being linked with capitalist nations and the global South with
socialist and non-aligned nations. The meaning of these phrases has expanded to include
economic and development issues after the end of the Cold War. The global North is often
recognized as having higher financial levels, higher standards of living, and more access to
resources and opportunities.

Globalization and trade-related difficulties are also impacted by the idea of the North and South
of the world. Some critics contend that because multinational firms have benefited from cheap
labor and resources in developing nations while evading regulations and taxes, globalization has
predominantly benefited the global North at the expense of the global South. Others contend that
because nations in the global South can now engage in international markets and draw foreign
investment, there has been an increase in economic growth and development.

Global south indicator

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita:

Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, is a metric for gauging a nation's economic strength and size.
It is the total cost of all commodities and services produced inside the boundaries of a nation
over a given time frame, typically a year.

The gross domestic product (GDP) is frequently used as a measure of economic progress and
growth. A country's economy is generally said to be expanding and creating new jobs and
opportunities when the GDP is growing, whereas a declining GDP can signal an economic
downturn or recession. GDP does not account for variables like income inequality or
environmental sustainability; hence it is not necessarily a comprehensive indicator of economic
well-being.

GDP per capita is a measure of the economic output of a country divided by its population.
Countries with lower GDP per capita are often considered to be from the Global South.
According to the World Bank, in 2020, the average GDP per capita of high-income countries
was $47,240, while the average for low-income countries was only $1,234.

6. Environmental indicators: Some countries located in global south faces different

challenges in their environment. This indicator affects different important elements of a country.
One of these examples is deforestation. Deforestation can affects the country’s agriculture and
climate, it can lead to changes in local climate patterns, which can affect agricultural
productivity. The loss of forests can also result in soil erosion and degradation, reducing the
fertility of agricultural land. And can be a significant contributor to climate change, as it releases
large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This can result in economic impacts such
as reduced agricultural productivity, increased natural disasters, and higher costs for climate
adaptation and mitigation measures.
8. Access to technology: Countries from the Global South may have lower levels of access
to technology and information compared to developed countries. For example, they may have
lower rates of internet and mobile phone penetration, which can limit their ability to participate
in the global economy and access information.

Inadequate infrastructure, exorbitant expenses, and a lack of digital knowledge are a few reasons
why internet and mobile penetration are lower in developing nations. The infrastructure that is
required to allow universal internet and mobile access, such as dependable electricity and
broadband connectivity, is sometimes lacking in developing nations. Individuals and groups may
find it challenging to use digital resources and engage in today's society and economy as a result.

In Global sounth countries, high expenses are another major obstacle to internet and mobile
usage. The cost of internet and mobile services, which can be prohibitively high in some
locations, simply isn't something that many people in these nations can afford. Moreover, a lack
of competition among service providers can result in a rise in costs and a decline in service
quality.

Finally, low levels of digital literacy and awareness can also contribute to lower rates of internet
and mobile penetration in Global south countries. Many people may be unfamiliar with the
benefits of digital technology or may lack the skills necessary to use it effectively. This can limit
the demand for digital services and make it difficult for service providers to justify investing in
new infrastructure or expanding their services.

Closing the digital divide and increasing internet and mobile penetration in poor countries is
essential for promoting economic development and improving quality of life. This can be
achieved through a variety of approaches, including government policies to promote
infrastructure development and digital literacy, private sector investment in digital infrastructure
and services, and community-based initiatives to increase access and awareness of digital
resources.