Script : Zapanta

Evolution of Thermometer

- The first thermoscope to be built was introduced by Galileo Galilei in 1593. It was used to measure the change of temperature of a
substance.
- In 1612 Santorio Santorio built a first thermoscope that have a scale placed on it.
- In 1654 the Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand 11’s invented the first liquid in a glass thermometer. The liquid used on it was alcohol.
- In 1714 a German Physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the Mercury Thermometer and in year 1724 he introduced the
standard temperature scale which was named after him – the Fahrenheit Scale.
- In year 1742 a Swedish Astronomer named Anders Celsius invented the Celsius Scale. The term Celsius was adopted in 1948 by an
international conference on weights and measures.
- In 1848 Lord Kelvin invented the Kelvin Scale which measures the ultimate extremes of hot and cold, and developed the idea of
absolute temperature which is now widely known as the second law of thermodynamics.
- In year 1867 the first real medical thermometer was invented by Sir Thomas Allbut. It was six inches long and took about five minutes
to take a person’s temperature.
- For almost a hundred-year thermometers were basically unchanged. They contained alcohol or mercury and were considered to be
very accurate. More modern thermometers were developed after World War II that used infrared technology and placed in the ear.
They utilized tiny electrical circuits and numerical readouts that could measure temperature more quickly and with more precision
than the liquid filled glass tubes. Today modern thermometers use some type of electrical sensors to measure temperature, but the
same numerical scales developed in the 1700’s by Fahrenheit and Celsius are still being used.

Additional for Units:

- Réaumur (°Ré, °Re)

o Réaumur scales were introduced by Réne de Réaumur in 1730. It has the reference points being the freezing point of water
0 °Ré and boiling point of water being 80 °Ré. The Réaumur scale was used in some parts of Europe and Russia, but it has
mainly disappeared during the last century.i

Conversion of Units:
i
https://prezi.com/u1kabrj559xk/engineering-thermometer/
https://byjus.com/physics/unit-of-temperature/#:~:text=Celsius%2C%20Fahrenheit%20and%20Kelvin%20are,you%20to
%20convert%20between%20them.
https://blog.beamex.com/temperature-units-and-temperature-unit-conversion