Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY and POLITICS

SECOND QUARTER: WEEK 1

Competency : Explain the Context, Content, Processes and Consequences of Socialization. (No Code
Indicated)
• Recognize ones Identity while Identifying his/her Social Roles.
Reference : Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by: G.M. Lanusa and S.S. Raymundo) pages.
(156-157) (Non-DepEd)
Copyright For classroom use only

LESSON 1: Social Roles and Identity

Culture is not a matter of race. It is learned, not carried in our genes. It is expressed basically through
symbols and language system. Therefore, members of society or community learn their culture through symbolic
gesture and language. Cultural practices as transmitted by society through Enculturation.
Enculturation is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire
values and norms appropriate or necessary in that culture and worldviews. It is the process where the culture that
is currently established teaches an individual the accepted norms and values of the culture or society where the
individual lives. The individual can become an accepted member and fulfill the needed functions and roles of the
group. Most importantly the individual knows and establishes a context of boundaries and accepted behavior that
dictates what is acceptable and not acceptable within the framework of that society. It teaches the individual their
role within society as well as what is accepted behavior within that society and lifestyle (Conrad Phillip
Kottak (in Window on Humanity).

Socialization is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization
encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus the means by which social and cultural continuity is attained.
Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive. Socialization essentially represents the
whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions
of adults as well as of children.
Two Types of Socialization
1. Primary Socialization - molding of members according to the norms and rules of the group
2. Secondary Socialization - when the individual uses what he or she has learned from primary
socialization and uses it to circumvent the rules of society for his or her
advantage.
Agents of Socialization are the various social groups or social institutions that play a significant role in
introducing and integrating the individual as an accepted and functioning member of society (Banaag,2019 p.138)
A. Family - the first agent of socialization. Mothers and fathers, siblings, and grandparents, plus
members of an extended family, all teach a child what he or she needs to know.
B. Institutional Agents -teach people how to behave in and navigate social institutions
- examples are school, work, and church
C. Peer Group - made up of people who are similar in age, social status, and share interests
- begins in the earliest years
- important as adolescents begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and
exert independence
- provide adolescents’ first major socialization experience outside the realm of their families
D. Church - teaches participants how to interact with the religion’s material culture (a prayer or a
communion wafer)
- religious institutions also uphold gender norms and contribute to their enforcement
through socialization
f. Mass Media - distribute impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspapers, radio,
and the Internet
- People learn about objects of material culture (like new technology and transportation
knowledge), about as nonmaterial culture—what is true (beliefs), what is important
(values), and what is expected (norms).
ACTIVITY:
Directions: TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the sentence is true, F if it is false.
_____________1. Family molds of members according to the norms and rules of the group
_____________2. Mass media teaches participants how to interacts with the religion’s material culture.
_____________3. Mass media include television, newspapers, radio internet.
_____________4. Family is the first agent of socialization.
_____________5. Culture can be learned, not carried in our society.

LESSON 2: Conformity and Deviancy

Norms
It serves as guides or models of behavior which tell us what is appropriate or inappropriate, right, or
wrong. It indicates a society’s standards of propriety, morality, ethics, and legality. It is often in the form of rules,
standards, or prescriptions that are strictly followed by people who adhere on certain conventions and perform
specific roles.
• Social Role - must be performed in connection with the expected behavior to achieve social
goals
• Social Goals - goals which ultimately get you involve with some social work
- examples are volunteering with some organization and donating to some
charity

Most Adhered Norms in the Society

• Norm of Appropriateness(Norm of Decency)

It can be observed through the type of clothing, manner, and behavior in greeting a person,
as well as the use of appropriate words and gestures.

• Norm of Conventionality
It is the beliefs and practices that are acceptable to certain cultures but can be inimical to other
cultures. For example, the Bagobo Tribe of Davao bury their dead within their neighborhood

CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCY

• Conformity
It is the compliance with standards, rules, or laws. It involves the acceptance of the cultural goals
and means of attaining those goals.
• Deviancy
It involves acceptance action or behavior that violates social norms, including a formally enacted
rule (e.g., Crime), as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).

Types of Deviancy

1. Formal Deviancy - actions that violate enacted laws such as robbery, theft, graft, rape, and other
forms of criminality
2. Informal Deviancy - violations to social norms that are not codified into law such as pricking one’s
nose, belching loudly, and spitting on the street among others

ACTIVITY: IDENTIFICATION
Identify what type of deviancy are the following:
________________1. Laughing loudly
________________2. Graft and Corruption
________________3. Backbiting
________________4. Bullying
________________5. Illegal Logging
LESSON 3: Recognize One’s Identity while Identifying His/Her Social Roles

Positioning Theory
According to Harre and Langenhove (1993;Davies and Harre 2001), identity is a product of
positioning within a discourse. The act of positioning refers to the assignment of fluid ‘parts’ or ‘roles’
to speakers in a discursive construction of personal stories that make a person’s action intelligible and
relatively determinate as social acts. Examples, a teacher asks a student to stand up and recite, the
teacher is “positioning” the student to perform his or her role as a student. The student, in return,
responds by positioning himself or herself relative to the command of the teacher.

Identity
It designates a commonly recognized set of persons. The terms physician, school teacher, janitor,
professional athlete, and criminal all refer to recognized sets of persons. Each constitutes a social
position. But physicians, school teacher, janitor, and the like each behaves in characteristic ways.
Physicians write prescriptions, school teachers lecture in classrooms, janitors sweep up, and so forth.
Thus, each social position is said to exhibit a characteristic role. Persons who share roles are also likely
to share a common identity. Identity could also mean personal identity.

Personal identity
It refers to the social classification of an individual into a category of one (Rosenberg 1979).
Your name, birth date, civil status and even your unique student number or school ID belong to your
personal identity. Personal identity, of course, does not arise out of nowhere. It is a product of unique
social biography of the individual. Hence, personal identity points to the continuity of one’s life story.
The person you are right now will be continuous with the person many years from now, no matter how
your physical characteristics have changed.
One’s personal identity is primarily derived from one’s position within the social field. Positions
are cluster of rights, duties, and obligations to perform specifiable kinds of acts and thus, in
psychological reality, positions exist as expectations, beliefs, and presumptions. In this view, if identity
is embedded in a tradition or community with prescribed rules and norms then to acquire an identity is to
learn the vocabularies of a particular tradition. To have an identity requires being able to re-iterate and
re-cite the linguistic resources of the community. It means being able to use the “grammar of culture” to
participate in the on-going activities of the community.
However, problems may be encountered with the roles a person takes on, too. Some roles are
difficult to perform and take great native ability or years of practice to learn. Sometimes the person is
subjected to incompatible role expectations (or role conflict) wherein he or she is required to do two or
more things that cannot all be done. Sometimes he or she suffers from role overload, when too much is
asked of the person.

ACTIVITY: MATCHING TYPE

DIRECTIONS: Match the items in column A with column B

1. It is a product of unique social biography A. Positions

of the individual . B. Personal Identity
2. It could also mean personal identity. C. Identity
3. It is a cluster of rights, duties, and obligations. D. Role Conflict
4. It is the assignment of fluid parts in a discursive E. Positioning Story
of construction of personal stories. F. Role Overload
5. It is incompatible role expectations
 ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society?

A. Enculturation B. Socialization C. Society D. Social Role

2. What refers the acceptance of cultural goals and means of attaining those goals?
A. Conformity B. Deviancy C. Norm D. Standard
3. Which type of socialization talks about someone is using what he has learned in other socialization for his
advantage?
A. Primary Socialization B. Secondary Socialization C. A & B D. None of the These
4. They all teach a child what he or she needs to know EXCEPT
A. grandparents B. peer group C. siblings D. teachers

5. What is known as Norm of Decency? A. conformity C. norm of appropriateness

B. standards D. norm of conventionality
6. Which is an example of formal deviancy?
A. Spitting B. Smuggling C. Talking everywhere D. Teasing

7. It is an example of one’s personal identity.

A. Birth Date B. Current Status C. Your Name D. All of the these

8. It teaches people how to behave in and navigate social institutions.

A. Institutional Agents B. Peer Group C. Standards D. None of the these

9. Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive. This represents the whole process of
learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults
as well as of children.
A. Enculturation B. Identity C. Positioning Theory D. Socialization

10. It is often in the form of rules, standards, or prescriptions that are strictly followed by people who adhere on
certain conventions and perform specific roles.
A. Behavior B. Character C. Manners D. Norms
 KEY ANSWER
QUARTER 2: WEEK 1

Lesson 1
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F

Lesson 2
1. INFORMAL DEVIANCE
2. FORMAL DEVIANCE
3. INFORMAL DEVIANCE
4. FORMAL DEVIANCE
5. FORMAL DEVIANCE

Lesson 3
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. E
5. D

Assessment
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. D