R( n̂ , ϕ):: Rotating a point about an axis n̂ by angle ϕ

n̂ z r⃗∥=n̂ ( n̂ . ⃗r )
r⃗⊥ =⃗r −r⃗∥
ϕ n̂ ×⃗r
⊥
r⃗

r⃗∥
r⃗'
⃗r

x y
r⃗' ≡R(̂n , ϕ) ⃗r = ⃗r cos ϕ + n̂ ( n̂ . ⃗r ) [ 1−cos ϕ ] + ( n̂ ×⃗r ) sin ϕ
R( n̂ , ϕ):: Rotating a point about an axis n̂ by angle ϕ

[] [ ] []
cos ϕ + n x n y (1−cos ϕ) − n x n z (1−cos ϕ) +
x' 2
n x (1−cos ϕ) n z sin ϕ n y sin ϕ x

n x n y (1−cos ϕ) + cos ϕ + n y n z (1−cos ϕ) −

y' = y
nz sin ϕ n y 2 (1−cos ϕ) n x sin ϕ

z' n x n z (1−cos ϕ) − n y n z (1−cos ϕ) + cos ϕ + z

n y sin ϕ n x sin ϕ n z2 (1−cos ϕ)

In the limit of f→ 0 the matrix will become an Identity

matrix + infinitesimal anti-symmetric matrix. That is the part
which can be represented by a cross product
Deviation of a ball dropped from a balloon at height H

⃗
Ω Latitude λ
n λ
si
Ω
a COR =−2(Ωcos λ) ṙ ϕ̂

ṙ =−g t
2
v ϕ = Ωcos λ g t
1/ 2

( )
3
Ωcos λ 8H
Sϕ =
3 g
Always to the east.
Q: If a ball is thrown up from ground so that it reaches height H and
then comes down, what will be the deviation ? To east or west ?
Foucault's pendulum at a latitude λ

⃗
Ω
λ
is n
Ω Latitude λ
Plane of oscillation
a COR =−2(Ωsin λ) ṙ θ̂
2
a r = r̈ − θ̇ r
a θ = r θ̈ + 2 ṙ θ̇
θ̈≈0 ⇒ θ̇=−Ωsin λ
24
Period = hours
sin λ
Foucault's pendulum : The path followed by the bob

}
a 2π
x(t) = sin ω0 t cos [( Ωsin λ ) t ] T 0= ω ≪1 min
√2 0
a 2π
y(t) = sin ω0 t sin [( Ωsin λ ) t ] TF= = 1 day
√2 Ω

TF
assuming =10
T0
TF
In reality > 5000
T0
Too dense to plot !
Does the Corriolis effect differ in northern & southern hemispheres ?

If the velocity of the object is mostly vertical then NO.

e.g. A stone dropped from a balloon will move eastwards

irrespective of whether it is done in North or South of equator

If the velocity of the object is horizontal then YES

e.g Wind circulation, Foucault's pendulum etc

Statutory warning : The Corriolis acceleration is a small effect.

It is not possible to observe this in a washbasin, bathtub etc.
Beware of many such FAKE VIDEOS !!