DN Course Outline

MALS,RN VER 01 2023/ DN
FATHER SATURNINO URIOS  Aside from natural causes, the Philippines

UNIVERSITY also experiences human‐induced
San Francisco St. Butuan City 8600, Region XIII Caraga, disasters. These are brought about by
Philippines hazards that are of political and
Tel. Number 085-3413001 local 1905 and 1924 socio‐economic origins and
inappropriate and ill‐applied technologies.
NURSING PROGRAM Many are forced to evacuate during times
DISASTER NURSING of conflict. People die from earthquakes
OUTLINE primarily because of the collapse of
Clinical instructor: MASUMALINOG, RN substandard buildings. The health of
people is severely affected because of
Topic: Disaster Management and Risk Reduction: Philippine industrial and domestic waste that
Law pollutes the water, land and air.
 Disaster Response -The provision of emergency services and  Hazards become disasters only if
public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to vulnerable people and resources are
save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet exposed to them. People who live in
the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster poverty and adverse socio‐economic
response is predominantly focused on immediate and short‐ conditions are highly vulnerable to
term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”. disasters. The most vulnerable sectors
include the poor, the sick, people with
 Hazard- A phenomena, event, occurrence or human activity that disabilities, the elderly, women and
may cause injury, loss of lives and damage to property and the children. Although many people may be
environment. affected, these vulnerable sectors will
have the least capacity to recover from the
 Exposure- The degree to which people and properties are likely impact of a disaster.
to experience hazards
 In this context, it is important for society
 Disaster Risk Reduction - A systematic effort to analyze and manage to strengthen the capacity of vulnerable
the causes of disasters by reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing sectors. In doing so, the vulnerable sectors
capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the cease to be victims of disasters and will
probability of disaster become agents of change for meaningful
development of communities.
 Vulnerabil ity and Capacity- The characteristics of a community
that make it susceptible to a hazard or capable of coping and  What is the DRRM Act?
recovering from the damaging effects of a disaster.  Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of
Why do we need to give importance to d isasters?  2010 (DRRM Act) is a new law which
 Disasters cause the destruction of communities, death of transforms the Philippines’ disaster
millions, and collapse of people's livelihoods. Disasters management system from disaster relief
leave indelible impacts on physical landscapes and on and response towards disaster risk
people's minds. In development terms, disasters can mean reduction (DRR). It was approved on May
serious economic impact on nations, communities, and 27, 2010. It repealed Presidential Decree
households. For a developing nation like the Philippines, No. 1566 which was enacted way back in
disasters also pose major hurdles for the achievement of 1978.
the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
 The Philippines is one of the world's most

disaster prone nations. The exposure of
the Philippines to disasters can be
attributed to its geographical and
physical characteristics. Earthquakes are
common and volcanoes abound because
the country is in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
The Philippines also absorbs the full
strength of typhoons that develop in the
Pacific Ocean.
 RAINFALL WARNING SYSTEM

 FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM

 EARTHQUAKE WARNING SYSTEM
 WHAT IS EPICENTER & FOCUS?
The focus is point inside the earth where the

earthquake started, sometimes called the hypocenter,
and the point on the surface of the earth directly above
the focus is called the epicenter.
 WHAT IS MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITY?
Magnitude is a measure of earthquake size and remains

unchanged with distance from the earthquake.
Intensity, however, describes the degree of shaking
caused by an earthquake at a given place and decreases
with distance from the earthquake epicentre.
 DOCUMENTATION IN DISASTER
 PERSONNEL ROLES & FUNCTIONS FOR DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS
NCM 420 RLE

FIRST AID
 What is TRIAGE?
- the sorting of and allocation of treatment to patients  What is FIRST AID?
and especially battle and disaster victims according - is an immediate care given to a person who has
to a system of priorities designed to maximize the been INJURED or SUDDENLY TAKEN ILL. It
number of survivors. includes self help and home care if Medical
- the preliminary assessment of patients assistance is not available or delayed.
or casualties in order to determine the urgency of - ASSESSMENT and INTERVENTION that can be
their need for treatment and the nature of
performed by by-standers (or by the victim)
treatment required.
with minimal medical equipment.
 Why is it called triage?
- The word triage originated in the French  Roles & Responsibilities of a First Aider
language and means to select or sort. The 
French trace the meaning and use of the word Act as a bridge that fills the gap between the
back to the days of Napoleon when it was victim and the physician (will end once advance
necessary for medical workers to determine medical support arrives);
who to see first in cases of mass injuries among  Ensure Safety (Self, victim and by-standers);
wounded soldiers  Gain access to the victim;
 Determine any threats to the patient;
CLASSIFICATION  Summon more medical care as needed;
 Provide needed care for the patient;
 Assist EMT and/or Medical Personnel;
 Record all assessments and care given to the
patient.
 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

 To alleviate suffering;
 To prevent further injury/danger;
 To prolong life
 Characteristics of a Good First Aider:

 GENTLE – should not cause pain
 RESOURCEFUL – should make the best use of things
at hand
 OBSERVANT – should notice all signs
 TACTFUL – should not alarm the patient
 EMPATHETIC – should be comforting
 RESPECTABLE – should maintain a professional and
PHYSICAL SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT
caring attitude
* Hindrances in Giving First Aid:

 Unfavorable surroundings
 Presence of crowd
 Pressure from Victims relatives
* GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY
** Getting Started
1. Plan your Action
2. Gather needed Materials
3. Remember the initials
A- sk for HELP
I – ntervene
D –o no further harm
4. Instruction to helpers
 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES  NOT TO DO:

 Let the victim see his injury
1. Survey the Scene  Leave the victim except to get help
 Scene safety  Do not assume patients injury are the only one
 Check for consciousness  Unrealistic promises
 Mechanism of Injury / Nature of Illness  Trust the judgement of a confused judgement
 Determine number of victims/ need for additional
resources
2. Activate Medical Assistance/ Arrange
Transportation
3. Do PRIMARY SURVEY
 AIRWAY
 BREATHING
 CIRCULATION
4. Do SECONDARY SURVEY
*PATIENTS INFORMATION
*WHAT HAPPEN
*S.A.M.P.L.E HISTORY
 PATIENT CASUALTY HANDLING
- Emergency Rescue
 is a rapid movement of patient from unsafe place
 Check Vital Signs to a place of safety.
 Check skin appearance
5. Head to toe Assessment - Transfer
6. D.C.A.P.B.T.L.S  is moving a patient from one place to another after
giving first aid.
** Selection will depend upon the following:

 Nature and severity of the injury.
 Size of the victim
 Physical capabilities of the first aider
 Number of personnel and equipment available.
 Nature of evacuation route
 Distance to be covered
 Sex of the victim. (Last consideration)
 GOLDEN RULES in Giving EMERGENCY CARE

 Obtain consent
 Think worst
 Do remember to introduce yourself
 Provide comfort and emotional support
 Respect victims modesty and physical privacy
 Be calm and direct as possible
 Do care most of the severely injured
 Assist victims on their prescribed medications
 Keep by standers away
 Handle victim at the minimum
 Loosen up clothing
Soft Tissue Injuries

Bone, Joints and

Muscle Injuries

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MALS,RN VER 01 2023/ DN

FATHER SATURNINO URIOS  Aside from natural causes, the Philippines

 The Philippines is one of the world's most

 RAINFALL WARNING SYSTEM

 FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM

 EARTHQUAKE WARNING SYSTEM

 WHAT IS EPICENTER & FOCUS?

The focus is point inside the earth where the

 WHAT IS MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITY?

Magnitude is a measure of earthquake size and remains

 PERSONNEL ROLES & FUNCTIONS FOR DISASTER

NCM 420 RLE

 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

 Characteristics of a Good First Aider:

* Hindrances in Giving First Aid:

* GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY

 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES  NOT TO DO:

 PATIENT CASUALTY HANDLING

** Selection will depend upon the following:

 GOLDEN RULES in Giving EMERGENCY CARE

Soft Tissue Injuries

Bone, Joints and

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