Recognized by the Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, 560054.

M.S.R.I.T Post, M.S.R Nagar, Bangalore, 560054

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

PROJECT WORK
Report on:

Human Faint Detection and Alert System.

Submitted by:

Names Register Number

NAVEEN.R 476EC17020

PRASHANTH.V 476EC17027

SUMANTH.H. S 476EC17045

SABRISH.B 476EC17033

RAMESH.M 476EC17032

UMAR 476EC17019

Under the guidance of:

Mr. SRIROOP
 (Lecturer Electronics Department)

RAMAIAH POLYTECHNIC

MSR NAGAR, BANGALORE-560054

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

CERTIFICATE
It is certified that this project report entitled "HUMAN FAINT DETECTION
AND ALERT SYSTEM" which is being submitted by Mr./Ms.
____________________Reg. No _______________________, a bonified
student of RAMAIAH POLYTECHNIC in partial fulfillment for the award of
Diploma in Electronics and communication during the year 2019-20 is record
of student’s own work carried out under my guidance. It is certified that all
correction/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the report and one copy of it is being deposited in polytechnic
library.
The project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
report of project work prescribed for the said diploma.
It is further understood that by this certificate that the undersigned does not
endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn
there in but approve the project only for the purpose of which it is submitted.

GUIDE: HEAD OF DEPARTMENT PRINCIPAL

MR. SRIROOP.B. K MRS.SUCHETHA SMT.MANGALA GOWRI

EXAMINERS
1 ..................................
2 ..................................
ACKNOWLEDEMENT

We would like to express our heart full thanks to Principal,

MANGALAGOWRI MAM who has given the opportunity to successfully
complete the project.
We are grateful to our HOD, SUCHETHA MAM (ECDEPT.) for her kind
support, guidance, and motivation during the course of the project.
We thank, SRIROOP SIR our project guide (ECDEPT.) and all those who have
directly or indirectly helped us with their valuable suggestions in the successful
completion of this project.

Place: Bangalore PROJECT ASSOCIATES:

Date: NAVEEN.R
PRASHANTH.V
SUMANTH.H. S
SABRISH.B
RAMESH.M
UMAR
CONTENTS
TOPICS

CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY

CHAPTER 2
2.1 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.2 ARDUINO UNO
2.3 OXIMETER SENSOR
2.4 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR
2.5 GSM
2.6 LCD DISPLAY
2.7 MOBILE GPS

CHAPTER 3
3.1 MAX30100 OXIMETER SENSOR, WORKING
3.2 ADXL345 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR, WORKING
3.3 GSM WORKING

CHAPTER 4
4.1 PIN CONFIGURATION OF MAX30100
4.2 PIN CONFIGURATION OF ADXL345

CHAPTER 5
5.1 FINAL DESIGN OF FAINT DETECTION SYSTEM
CHAPTER 6
6.1 PROGRAMMING WITH ARDUINO UNO
6.2 FLOW CHART
6.3 FINAL PROGRAM

CHAPTER 7
7.1 APPLICATIONS
7.2 FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

CHAPTER 8
8.1 CONCLUSION
8.2 REFERENCE
CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Some people have a problem with the way their body regulates their blood
pressure, particularly when they move too quickly from a lying or sitting
position to a standing position. This condition is called postural hypotension and
may be severe enough to cause fainting. This type of fainting is more common
in the elderly, people who recently had a lengthy illness that kept them in bed
and people who have poor muscle tone.
A person may feel faint and lightheaded (presyncope) or lose consciousness
(syncope). Fainting is a particular problem for the elderly who may suffer
serious injuries from falls when they faint.
The medical term for fainting is syncope. Many different conditions can cause
fainting. These include heart problems such as irregular heartbeats, seizures,
low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), anemia (a deficiency in healthy oxygen
carrying cells), and problems with how the nervous system (the body's system
of nerves) regulates blood pressure. Some types of fainting seem to run in
families. In light of these, it becomes necessary to monitor faint and detect it for
diagnosis and early treatment.
.
1.2 OBJECTIVE:
• Our project is to just detect if a person has fainted, if he is done so then an
alert will be sent to a registered mobile number.
• An alert message will be sent to an emergency number along with the
location of the person where he has fainted.
• So, this project is aimed at early detection of faint by measuring oxygen
levels which might help in saving lives of the people who are prone to
loss of consciousness.
1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY:

We thought to have our project in such a way that is sustainable to the society.
We started searching projects relating to medical electronics. We all made sure
that our project must be related to medical field where wearable electronics
must be a part of it. A person’s No 1 priority is health. Most of the elderly
people are very prone to the health issues. So, Faint was one of the conditions
where people will not be foreknown about it.
The pulse oximeter, is a device that can detect heart rate and oxygen saturation.
There is a sensor called oximeter sensor in pulse oximeter that can detect the
heart rate and oxygen saturation readings from our body.
Then, this way the oxygen level can be detected and forwarded to the
microcontroller for further actions. Then we interface GSM which alerts a
person about the faint and GPS is used to detect the location of victim.
CHAPTER 2
2.1 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.2 ARDUINO UNO:

Open software microcontroller board based on a removable, dual-inline

package(dip). It has 20 digital input/output pins out of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs.
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits for building digital devices.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The
boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
may be interfaced to various expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (for
prototyping) and other circuits.
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform
application (for Windows, macOS, and Linux) that is written in the
programming language Java.
The software used in programming the Arduino is Arduino IDE
2.3 OXIMETER SENSOR:

A pulse oximeter is a device used to monitor both your heart rate and blood
oxygen concentration.
This device combines two led’s, a photo detector, optimized optics, and low
noise analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and heart rate signal.
Max30100 operates from 1.8V and 3.3V power supply and can be powered
down through software with negligible standby current, permitting the power
supply to remain connected at all times.
Complete Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor Solution Simplifies Design.
• Integrated LEDs, Photo Sensor, and High-Performance Analog Front -End.
• Tiny 5.6mm x 2.8mm x 1.2mm 14-Pin Optically Enhanced System-in-
Package.
Ultra-Low-Power Operation Increases Battery Life for Wearable Devices.
• Programmable Sample Rate and LED Current for Power Savings.
• Ultra-Low Shutdown Current (0.7µA, typ).
2.4 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR:

ADXL345 accelerometer
The task of accelerometers is to measure linear accelerations during your own
movement. Most often they are used for testing moving parts of devices and
determining their overloads. Accelerometers can now be found in devices such
as cell phones, tablets, cameras, as well as in RC remote control models.
In addition to determining the value of linear accelerations, it is possible to
determine the spatial arrangement of the object and perform specific
interactions during its movement.
ADXL345 from Analog Devices is one of the most popular and inexpensive
systems used in such modules. This system can communicate with a
microcontroller using the I2C or SPI bus, measuring accelerations in all three
axes in the range of up to ± 16 g with a resolution of 13 bits.
During the measurement, the maximum current consumption is only 23μA, with
a supply voltage of 2.0 to 3.6V. Because the system does not tolerate higher
(5V) power supply. This system has a built-in voltage regulator.
ADXL345 also has digital outputs (INT1 and INT2) that can signal the
detection of knock, double tap (tap, double tap), activity or inactivity, and free
fall state.
2.5 GSM

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed

by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the
protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile
devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in
December 1991. By the mid-2010s, it became a global standard for mobile
communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over 193
countries and territories.
SIM800L GSM/GPRS module is a miniature GSM modem, which can be
integrated into a great number of projects. You can use this module to
accomplish almost anything a normal cell phone can; SMS text messages, Make
or receive phone calls, connecting to internet through GPRS, TCP/IP, and more!
To top it off, the module supports quad-band GSM/GPRS network, meaning it
works pretty much anywhere in the world.
At the heart of the module is a SIM800L GSM cellular chip from SimCom. The
operating voltage of the chip is from 3.4V to 4.4V, which makes it an ideal
candidate for DC-DC buck converter like LM2596. This makes it a good choice
for embedding into projects without a lot of space.
2.6 LCD DISPLAY:

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid
crystals in its primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of
use cases for consumers and businesses, as they can be commonly found in
smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and instrument panels.
These devices are thinner as well power consumption is extremely less. The
LCD 16×2 working principle is, it blocks the light rather than dissipate. This
article discusses an overview of LCD 16X2, pin configuration and its working.
The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V
It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
Every character can be built with a 5×8-pixel box
The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
It displays a few custom generated characters

2.7 MOBILE GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally NAVSTAR GPS, is a
satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government
and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation
satellite systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation and time information to a
GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line
of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and
buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 MAX30100 OXIMETER SENSOR:

A pulse oximeter is a device used to monitor both your heart rate and blood
oxygen concentration. This device is especially important for people who need
to monitor these parameters due to certain health conditions, such as asthma or
congestive heart failure.
Our overall goal is to make a pulse oximeter that:
 Modulates light from an IR LED and a red-light LED
 Used an a MAX30100 and Arduino UNO
 Displays heart rate and oxygen saturation levels on an LCD screen

Requirements and Specifications:

 Use a MAX30100 chip integrated with the Arduino and a display.

 Provide a user interface that enables the selection between displaying
heart rate and oxygen saturation.

Summary of Operation:

Pulse oximetry operates on the red and IR light absorption characteristics of

oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Blood oxygen concentration can be
calculated from the ratio between the absorption red light and IR light by the
hemoglobin. Heart rate is detected by the change of blood volume throughout
the finger, that is then quantified by the amount of light that passes through the
finger.
The MAX30100 chip integrates two LEDs: red and infrared (IR), a
photodetector and low-noise signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and
heart rate signals. The absorption data for both IR and red light is stored in a
FIFO buffer up to 64 bytes. It provides two operating modes; the heart rate
mode, and the heart rate and oxygen saturation mode. In the heart rate mode,
only the IR LED is switched on, while in the dual mode both IR and red LEDs
are switched on. It also has an integrated 60 Hz low-pass filter. While it can
filter out power line noise, it still does not account for environmental noise and
fluctuations.

From the LEDs, red and IR light is transmitted through the finger and the
photodetector integrated within the chip senses the light absorption of the two
separate wavelengths. In this project, we used both the oximetry and heart rate
detection operations with the MAX30100, so we can detect both heart rate and
oxygen saturation at the same time.

Integrating the MAX30100 to the Arduino

The MAX30100 is an I2C device, therefore through code it requires the Wire
library to interface with the Arduino. Physically, the MAX30100 (in this case,
the breakout board) is connected to the Arduino through special pins that are
able to read data from the SCL and SDA lines, which are A4 and A5. The SCL
and SDL lines provide the data signal and the clock signal. The ground and Vin
lines are connected to the GND and 5V lines respectively.

The LCD screen is connected to the Arduino by pins so that we can provide a
user-friendly display. LCD screen, which are used to show the heart rate
monitor and the oxygen concentration monitor.

3.2 ADXL345 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR:

ADXL345 Accelerometer module consists of 8 pins. Using the ADXL345
module with a microcontroller is very easy. Connect VCC and GND pins to 5V
and GND pins of Microcontroller. Also, connect SCL and SDA pins to the SCL
and SDA pins of Arduino.
ADXL345 is also a triple axis accelerometer but with a bit of different
specifications. It has free fall detection as well as double/single tap detection in
it. It uses I2C protocol for communication.

Accelerometer works on the principle of Piezoelectric effect. whenever we will

tilt the sensor the ball is supposed to move in that direction because of
Gravitational force. The walls are made of Piezoelectric elements. So, every
time ball is touching the wall an electric current will be produced which will be
interpreted in the form of values in any 3D space.

Working:

The basic structure of the accelerometer consists of fixed plates and moving
plates. When the acceleration is applied on an axis capacitance between fixed
plates and moving plates is changed. This results in a sensor output voltage
amplitude, which is proportional to the acceleration.
So, if we have an accelerometer positioned flat, with its Z-axis pointing
upwards, opposite to the gravitational force, the Z-axis output of the sensor will
be 1g. On the other hand, the X and Y outputs will be zero, because the
gravitational force is perpendicular to these axes and doesn’t affect them at all.
So, we have used in this project an ADXL345 accelerometer.

3.3 GSM WORKING:

SIM800L GSM/GPRS module is a miniature GSM modem, which can be
integrated into a great number of projects. We can use this module to
accomplish almost anything a normal cell phone can; SMS text messages, Make
or receive phone calls, connecting to internet through GPRS, TCP/IP, and more!
To top it off, the module supports quad-band GSM/GPRS network, meaning it
works pretty much anywhere in the world.
There’s a SIM socket on the back! Any activated, 2G micro SIM card would
work perfectly. Correct direction for inserting SIM card is normally engraved
on the surface of the SIM socket.

Features

 Connect onto any global GSM network with any 2G SIM

 Make and receive voice calls using an external 8Ω speaker & electret
microphone
 Send and receive SMS messages
 Send and receive GPRS data (TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.)
 Scan and receive FM radio broadcasts
 Transmit Power:
 Class 4 (2W) for GSM850
 Class 1 (1W) for DCS1800
 Serial-based AT Command Set
 FL connectors for cell antennae
 Accepts Micro SIM Card
 I think we need not mention working of sim 800 under GSM topic
There is an LED on the top right side of the SIM800L Cellular Module which
indicates the status of your cellular network. It’ll blink at various rates to show
what state it’s in:

Blink every 1s Blink every 2s Blink every 3s

The module is The GPRS data The module has

running but hasn’t connection you made contact with
made connection to requested is active. the cellular network
the cellular network & can send/receive
yet. voice and SMS.

Supplying Power for SIM800L module

One of the most important parts of getting the SIM800L module working is
supplying it with enough power.

SIM800L module doesn’t come with onboard voltage regulator, an external

power supply adjusted to voltage between 3.4V to 4.4V (Ideal 4.1V) is required.
The power supply should also be able to source 2A of surge current, otherwise
the module will keep shutting down. So, we have used DC to DC buck
converter has voltage regulator for SIM800L.
Any 2A-rated DC-DC buck converter like LM2596 would work. It has voltage
range from 3.7V to 4.1V, perfect for SIM800L module. Any LM2596 is best
since it can provide the correct voltage range of 2A.
CHAPTER 4
4.1 PIN CONFIGURATION OF MAX30100:

PIN DESCRIPTION:
4.2 PIN CONFIGURATION OF ADXL345:

PIN DESCRIPTION:
CHAPTER 5
5.1 FINAL DESIGN OF FAINT DETECTION SYSTEM:

The MAX30100 oximeter sensor measures the oxygen saturation level from the
tip of the finger. Based on the oxygen saturation levels, the data is sent to
analog inputs of the ATMEGA 128 microcontroller. This data is then forwarded
to the 16X2 LCD display from the microcontroller. The LCD display displays
the SpO2 level and heart beat rate of the individual. The ADXL345 measures
the freefall of the person with respect to x, y and z axis.
This sensor makes our detection so precise that any false faints can easily be
discarded through precise oxygen level measurements. The data from the
ADXL345 is given to the microcontroller through the analog pins and this data
is compared with the oxygen level and if the parameter comply with a specific
oxygen level and if there is a free fall detected, then the GSM comes into action.
The GSM (SIM800L) is responsible for sending the alert emergency messages
to the registered mobile number of the data that comes from the sensors. If the
value drops below a predetermined value and if a fall is detected the message is
sent as “THERE IS AN EMERGENCY”.
The location of the fainted person is simultaneously forwarded to the registered
number through google maps as he enables location sharing in his mobile
phone.
CHAPTER 6
6.1 STEPS FOR PROGRAMMING WITH ARDUINO UNO(ATMEGA328):

Step 1: First you must have your Arduino uno board and a USB cable.

Step 2: The Arduino Uno, automatically draw power from

either, the USB connection to the computer or an external power supply.

Step 3: Connect the Arduino board to your computer using the USB cable. The
green power LED should glow.

Step 4: After your Arduino IDE software is downloaded, you need to unzip the
folder.

Step 5: To avoid any error while uploading your program to the board, you must
select the correct. Arduino board name, which matches with the board
connected to your computer.
Go to Tools -> Board and select your board.

Step 6: Select the serial device of the Arduino board. Go to Tools -> Serial Port
menu. This is likely to be COM3 or higher.

Step 7: Now, just type the required program code in order to dump the program
into the microcontroller or Arduino uno.

Step 8: Now, simply click the "Upload" button in the environment. Wait a few
seconds; you will see the RX and TX LEDs on the board, flashing.

Step 9: If the upload is successful, the message "Done uploading" will appear in
the status bar.
6.2 FLOW CHART:
6.3 PROGRAM:
CHAPTER 7
7.1 APPLICATIONS:
 Can help in detecting and monitoring the symptoms of COVID 19
through oxygen level concentration.
 Respiratory monitoring during narcotic administration.
 Used to asses someone’s ability to tolerate increased physical activity
 It can be used to detect faints in aged people.
 It detects the person’s freefall even if he’s in an isolated area.
 It’s often used in a critical care setting like emergency rooms or hospitals.
 Some doctors, such as pulmonologists, may use it in office.

7.2 FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION:

 The data communication can be made wireless.
 False alert messages must be diminished.
CHAPTER 8
8.1 CONCLUSION:
This project is highly effective for faint detection or fall detection in elderly
people who are prone to the loss of consciousness. This is a low-cost project
and when converted into a product is highly portable and can be accessed by
almost everyone who wishes to have this. This project will keep a check on the
oxygen levels of the body along with the heart rate.
The pandemic of Covid-19 has caused panic worldwide and our project- turned-
product helps can us in identifying few symptoms of the Covid-19 infection and
keeps us informed about our health condition.

8.2 REFERENCE:
1. MAX30100 pulse oximeter sensor data sheet:
https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX30100.pdf

2. ADXL345 accelerometer sensor data sheet:

https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Accelerometer/
ADXL345.pdf

3. ARDUINO UNO: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoUno

4. Gsm: https://lastminuteengineers.com/sim800l-gsm-module-arduino-
tutorial/