OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE

AN REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS FOUND IN JHARKHAND AGAINST

CANCER TREATMENT
SUBMITTED
BY
MANISH RANJAN GOPE
ENROLLMENT NO. AJU/190318
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
8th Semester

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Ms. PRIYABATI CHOUDHURY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.

SCHOOL OF PHARMACY
ARKA JAIN UNIVERSITY, JHARKHAND
Academic Session: 2022-23
 Certificate from Dean

This is to certify that the project entitled “AN REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS FOUND
IN JHARKHAND AGAINST CANCER TREATMENT” being submitted by MANISH
RANJAN GOPE to the School of Pharmacy, ARKA JAIN University, Jharkhand, India is
carried out by him under the supervision of Miss Priyabati Choudhury.

Date: Dr. Jyotirmaya Sahoo

Dean
School of Pharmacy
 Certificate from Supervisor

This is to certify that the project entitled “AN REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS FOUND
IN JHARKHAND AGAINST CANCER TREATMENT” being submitted by MANISH
RANJAN GOPE to the School of Pharmacy, ARKA JAIN University, Jharkhand, India is
carried out by him under my supervision.

Date: Ms. Priyabati Choudhury

Assistant Professor.
School of Pharmacy
 Declaration by Student

I do hereby declare that this project work presented in this report entitled as “AN REVIEW
ON MEDICINAL PLANTS FOUND IN JHARKHAND AGAINST CANCER
TREATMENT” has been carried out by me under the supervision of Ms.Priyabati
Choudhury, Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy, ARKA JAIN University, Jharkhand,
India. All assistance and help received during the course of the investigation has been duly
acknowledged.

MANISH RANJAN GOPE

Registration No.: AJU/190318
Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very much indebted to Dr.Jyotirmaya Sahoo for their constant care throughout the
study.

We are debt of deepest gratitude to our Supervisor Miss Priyabati Choudhury for their
guidance,support motivation and encouragement throughout the project work.

Thankfull to Dr.Shweta and Dr Kritimaya Mishra for their kind supports.

We owe our soulful thank to almighty for endowing his immense blessings that helped us
towards the successful completion of our review article.
 ABSTRACT

Cancer is one of the deadly disease killing millions across the globe. The present treatments
against the disease are not efficient enough and the associated side effects are devastating. The
state of Jharkhand dominated by a very rich in terms of culture heritage and natural resources,
minerals and biodiversity. “Jharkhand” itself means land of forest. Many plants are used for
prevention and treatment of cancer and different diseases .Medicinal plants are consider as a
repository of various chemical constituent and used for long time due to its therapeutic
properties. Plant derived product has benefits over synthetic medicine which increased the
utilization of medicinal plants in the healthcare sector as several plants’ derived compounds
show potential role against cancer treatment. Plant based anti cancer agents includes
vincristine, taxol, vinblastin, camptothecin, resveratrol, etc., are in clinical use all over the
world. In the present review, an effort has been made to provide the information about the role
of various medicinal plants against cancer.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Cancer , Prevention , Vincristine , Vinblastin

 CONTENT

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO

1. Introduction 1-3

2. Material Method 4

3. Result and Discussion 5-10

4. Conclusion 11

5. Reference 12-13
 [I] INTRODUCTION

Cell division is an essential process for sustaining life in all organisms. It is required for normal
growth and repair of body tissues. However, when this process of cell division becomes
uncontrolled, it leads to cancer. Cancer cell continue to grow and divide and can spread
throughout the body causing damage to essential organ. It is caused by a complex, poorly
understood interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Various factors such as genetic
make-up, diet, exposure to carcinogen, body’s immune status and their interaction can cause
cells to multiply uncontrollably[1].Among all the cancer, lung cancer is the most common
world wide and accounts for major death annually every year about 8,50,000 cancer related
death every year . India has the hightest number of the oral and throat cases in the world. Oral
lungs stomach cancers are the three most common causes of cancer in males. Cervical breast
and oral cancers are the three main causes in female [2].

Till date no effective cure has been devised against this disease by modern system of medicine.
It has been well recognized that allopathic anti-cancer drugs have more side effects and are
cytotoxic to human beings. Various treatment options as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy
etc. are costly, painful and with adverse side effects. As such, scientists intend to investigate
different source of medicines with effective cure and no side effects. As an alternative, the
world is turning towards herbal remedies to win this deadly disease [3].

According to the WHO, about 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for
their primary health care. More than 50% of all modern drugs in clinical use are natural
products, many of which have the ability to induce apoptosis in various tumour cells of human
origin [4].

Plant and plant based products have played a major role as drugs against cancer. Paclitaxel and
camptothecin are plant derived compounds and contribute to 2/3 rd global anticancer drugs.
Other major plant based drugs include Vinblastine, Vincristine (from Catharanthus roseus),
Epipodophyllotoxin (Podophyluum species), Homoharringtonine (from Cephalotaxaus
harringtonia) etc [5].

A large number of plants over centuries are being used for treatment and control of various
ailments including Cancer. In recent times with the increased knowledge of life and culture of
the tribal communities, the social scientists are taking interest in ethnomedicinal studies. Many
sworks have been reported specially from among the rural and tribal communities of India [6].

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Jharkhand being a forested state is widely known for its flora and fauna. The prevailing type
of vegetation is Sal. The general conditions obtaining in this division are favorable for
obtaining natural regeneration of forests. As per ISFR 2021, the state with a geographical area
of 79,714 km² constitutes 2.42% of the country's area and has 3.30 % of its Forest and tree
Cover. The total recorded forest area of the state is 23,605 km² which is 29.61% of the
geographical area of the state. Of the total recorded forest area, Reserved Forests constitute
18.58%, Protected Forests 81.28%, and Unclassed Forests 0.14%. As per State of Forest Report
of Forest Survey of India 2016, forest cover in the state is 23553 km² which is28% area under
forests in which, very dense forest is 2598 Km², moderately dense forest is 9686 Km², the open
forest is 11269 Km² and Scrub is 669 Km²[7].

This is a review paper based on previous studies on medicinal plants. In this paper main focus
is on highlighting the important medicinal plants for treatment of cancer found in Jharkhand
which needs conservation and cultivation because these plants are naturally grown in
abundance and fast depleting can help the natives to earn their livelihood to some extent. Future
outlook of this study - it would be helpful to all those peoples who are very much interested in
exploring the versatility of ethno botany. Therefore, this review paper has aimed to manuscript
and underlines the importance of traditional knowledge used for the treatment of cancer via
medicinal plants. A total of 20 medicinal plants with their ethno botanical properties have been
listed in this paper found commonly in Jharkhand state. All botanical information of these
plants evaluated and confirm from the Plants of the World Online database site [8].

The state is very rich in plant biodiversity consisting of tremendous herbs, shrubs and trees of
high medicinal, food and economic values. Use of various plant parts and their invaluable
nutraceutical properties found in the area are still not common to outer world, but the ethnic
groups are well aware of these utilities and benefits which need to be documented[9]. In the
past few years it has been felt that a large number of plants which carry valuable features such
as medicinal properties incuding anti cancer activity, is dwindling because of increased
deforestation and also due to migration of ethnic communities from their homelands for various
developmental activities and other human - related factors. Since the therapeutic use and doses
of various plants based treatment are in oral communication only, there is an urgent need for
proper survey and documentation for conservation of this Knowledge. The present study is a
step towards achieving this goal. Despite large numbers of studies on ethnomedicinal plants of
Jharkhand state a few studies have been done particularly in term of anticancer plants[10].

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Fig 1: [A] Map of INDIA showing location of JHARKHAND

[B] Map of JHARKHAND

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 [II] MATERIALS AND METHOD

We have collected this data from the survey made by “Paras Jain” ,H.P. sharma and Suniti
Chaudhary during feb 2013 to feb 2014 . The objective of this investigation is to explore more
information about the traditional knowledge with the help of local people, knowledgeable and
experienced traditional healers and herbal practioners, and also get information about
anticancer medicinal plant found in jharkhand[11,12].

We have also collected the data from the review paper made by Raphael Ranjit Marandi and
S.John Britto which give information of the ethnomedical plants are based on personal
interview with tribal vaidhyas of various age groups residing in the villages of rurual areas.
The collected data were compared and cross checked with the available data of the locally
publish booklets on medicinal plants to ascertain the validity. The field trips for ethnobotanical
survey were made at different season to collect the ethnobotanical species in flowering and
fruiting stage[13],[14].

The abstract’s of the studies were reviewed independently by the reviewers on the basis of the
inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data extracted from various articles were included in the
study and enter into the check list after the quality was confirmed.This check list included some
information: author name,year of publication, experimental modal , type of extract , and its
concentration or dose , main component, and mechanism of action (if reported)[15 - 17].

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 [III] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The data of the most exploited medicinal plants such as botanical name ,common name, english
name ,family parts use of plants chemical constituent and uses presented in Table [1].The list
of medicinal plants are arranged in alphabetical order .

Some of the plants identified are considered to be sacred by the Oraon tribals and use them in
their rituals done at birth, marriage and death. Shorearobusta (Sal) is grown in their sacred
groves. Sal leaves (leaf cups & plates) are used for any ceremonial worship. Nine poles of Sal
with fresh branches are erected in the courtyard to make marriage pandals [18]. The branches
of Semecarpus anacardium (Bhelwa), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Sidha), Madhucaindica
(Mahua) and Bambusa bambos (Bans) are erected at the centre of marriage pandals [19]. The
tribals associate their festivals with the life cycle of some trees - Sarhul festival at the full bloom
of Shorea robusta to pray for fertility of land and good harvest, Phaggu at the bloom of Bombax
malabaricum (Semal) and Ricinus communis (Erandi). Nauclea parvifolia (Karam) is
worshipped in Karam festival in which the saplings of Zea mays or Shorgum vulgaris are
offered to Karam deity for healthy life, and the fruits of Cucumis sativus (Kheera) are offered
to get good and healthy children from the deity [20].

The Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae are found to be with the highest number of species (5)
under present study followed by Combretaceae (4). Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae
consist of 3 species each while Anacardiaceae, Asclipiadaceae, Celastraceae, Fabaceae,
Myrtaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae were found to have 2 species each
while rest of the families are presented with 1 species each of the total documented medicinal
plants. It was observed that the Oraon tribals mostly use paste formulations amounting 31
species while the other formulations are as follows – powder 17 species, decoction 12 species,
chewing or making curry 12, pellets 3 species, infusion 4 species and oil 2 species under the
present study .The number of formulations include black pepper, cow ghee, jaggery or mishri
to sweeten the medicine. Triphala churna was found to be used by most of vaidhyas for stomach
related ailments [21].

They are valuable natural resources and regarded as potentially safe drugs. Plant based drugs
have been in use against various disease since time immemorial. Before carrying out plant
pharmacokinetic and pharmacological activity, there is need to record ethno botanical uses of
plants of an area to establish their therapeutic properties. The results of this work can later be

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applied to biodiversity conservation, community development and for development of new
drug against cancer [22].

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 Table[1]: LIST OF ANTICANCER PLANT

S no Botanical Common English Family Parts Chemical Uses

name name name used constituent
1. Avena Java Oat Poacea Roots Asparagami Colon cancer,
sativa L. e ne A, Antioxidants
Saponine
2. Allium Piyaj Onion Alliace Bulb Alline, Cancer,
cepa L. ae Allicin Heart disease

3. Allium Lashun Garlic Alliace Bulb Allicin, Prevent cancer

sativum L. ae Emodin and
Lactins
4. Abelmosc Bhindi Lady’s Malvac Fruit, Carotene , Fights cancer,
hus finger eae Seeds Vit b,c , Prevents colon
esculentus amino acids cancer
L
5. Aloe vera Ghrit Aloe Liliacea Leave Emodins LowerBlood
L. Kumari e s and Lactins sugar ,Anti-
cancer
6. Asparagus Satawar Aspara Liaceae Root Saponin,Ste Anti-cancer
recemosus gus roidal properties
Wild. saponins Improve sperm
count
7. Azabiracht Neem Neem Meliace Whol Essential Anticarcinogen
a indica ae e oils ic
A.juss plant Antimutagenic
8. Bacopa Brahmi Water Scroph Whol Brahmine Anticancer
monnieri( hyssop ulariace e Herpestine properties
L) pennel ae plant TreatADHD
symptoms
9. Brassica Sarson Mustar Brassic Seed Dithiolthion Antitumor
campestris d eae oil es and effect
L. Isothiosyan Neuropathic
ates disease
10. Capsicum Hari Green Solanac Fruits Capsaicin Cancer,
frutescens mirch chili eae rheumatism

11. Cinnamo Dalchini Cinnam Laurace Bark Cinnamalde Anti-tumor

mum on ae hyde, effects
zeylanicu Cinnamylac
m etate
12. Citrus Nibu Lemon Rutacea Fruits Vitamin-c Cancer,heart
limon L. e ,limonene,li disease
monoid

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13. Camptothe Happy Happy Cormac Bark Camptothec Cancer,
ca tree tree eae ia, liver disorder
acuminate Topotecan
Decne
14. Euphorbia Cactus Cactus Euphor Leave Cycloarteno Treating
antquorum biaceae s l cancer,obesity
L.
15. Ficus Bargad Banyan Morace Bark, Rutin Boosts
benghalen tree ae Latex, immunity,
sis L. Leave Prevents
s cancer

16 Glycyrrhiz Mulatti Liquori Fabace Whol Coumarin, Treatment

a glabra L. ce ae e Triterpenoid of cough
plant s Asthma,cancer
saponins properties

17 Mangifera Aam Mango Anacar Fruits Alkaloids,S Reduce B.P

indica L. disceae and aponins Insomnia,treat
leaves Tannin cancer
18 Mentha Pudina Garden Lamiac Whol Limonene, Anti-cancer
sp. mint eae e Menthol Anti-
plant inflammatory
properties,
19 Ocimum Kala Holi Lamiac Leave Oleanolic Diabetes,kidne
sanctum tulsi basil eae s acid, y stones,cncer
L. Eugenol,Lin treatment
alool
20. Terminalia Arjuna Arjuna Comber Bark Arjunolic Heartfailure,
arjuna taceae acid , Hypertension,l
Gallic acid ung cancer

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 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

8.

10. 11. 12.

9.
14. 15. 16.

13.
17. 18. 19. 20.

Fig 2 :Photograph of anticancer plants.

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fig3 plants parts used by the anticancer treatment (in percent)

Fig.4:Name of the plant families in which plants are frequently belongs

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 [IV] CONCLUSION
Plants have always played a key role in world health. Jharkhand shows that many drugs of
modern medicine have their roots and their origin in traditionally used medicinal plants. The
findings of this review indicate that medicinal plants containing various phytochemicals, such
as flavonoids, polyphenol compounds, such as caffeic acid, catechins, saponins,
polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenols, such as quercetin and
luteolin, and kaempferol and luteolin glycosides, can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and also
intduce apoptosis. Most of the documented plants are vary common easily available in low cost
in jharkhand and also vary common in their daily food practice.

So it can be concluded that herbal medicinal plants and its derivatives are active against
different type of cancers. Herbal drug treatment may be recommended to the rural and poor
people to treat effectively the cancers as it is cheaper. Screening of medicinal plants for anti
cancer activity provides a huge space for development of strong anti cancer agents.

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 REFERENCES

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[2] Dikshit, R. 2012. “Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey.” The Lancet, Early
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[3] Liu, R.H. 2004. “Potential synergy of Phytochemicals in cancer prevention, mechanism of action.”
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[4] Dhanamani, M., S.L., Devi1, and S., Kannan. 2011. “Ethnomedicinal Plants For Cancer Therapy – A
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[5] Cragg, G.M., and D.J., Newman. 2005. “Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents.” J.
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[7] Orhan, I.E. 2012. “Biotechnological Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites.” Bentham ebook
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[9] Sinha, V.N.P. 1976. “Chhotanagpur plateau : A study in settlement Geography” K.B. Publications,
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[10] Mairh, A.K., P.K., Mishra, J., Kumar, and A., Mairh. 2010. “Traditional botanical wisdom of Birhore
tribes of Jharkhand.” Ind. J. Trad. Knowledge.

[11] Haines, H.H. 1921-1925. “The botany and Orissa” London (reprint edition by overseas book
distributors, Dehradun Vols 6.

[12] Sivarajan, V. V. 1984. “Introduction to the Principles of Plant Taxonomy.” Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New delhi, India.

[13] Sharma. O. P. 2007. “Plant Taxonomy” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

[14] Jain, P., Sharma, H.P., Basri, F., Priya, K. and Singh, P., 2017. Phytochemical analysis of Bacopa
monnieri (L.) Wettst. and their anti-fungal activities 16(2) .

[15] Jain P, Sharma HP, Basri F, Baraik B, Kumari S, Pathak C. 2014. Pharmacological Profiles of Ethno-
Medicinal Plant: Plumbago zeylanica L.-A Review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res..

[16] Jain P, Sharma HP. 2013. A Potential Ethno medicinal Plant: Semecarpus anacardium Linn.-A
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[17] Jain, P., Sharma, H. P., & Basari, F. (2016). In vitro Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts against Plant
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[18] Baraik, B., Jain, P., & Sharma, H. P. (2014). Achyranthes aspera L.: As a Source of Bio-fungicide.
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[19] Jain, P., Sharma, H. P., Pathak, C., Anita. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of
Plumbago zeylanica L. (An AntiCancer Plant): 2014; Journal of International Academic Research For
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[20] Jain, P., Singh, S. K., Sharma, H. P., & Basri, F. (2014). Phytochemical screening and antifungal
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[21] Jha, S. K., Jain, P., & Sharma, H. P. (2015). Xenobiotic degradation by bacterial enzymes. Int. J.
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[22] Khatoon, N., Jain, P., & Choudhary, A. K. (2015) Phytochemical studies on seed and leaf extracts
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