SHAFTS THEORY AND CALCULATIONS

Godfray S. Dionzon
BSME 3
ME 62 MACHINE DESIGN

I. Stresses in Solid and Hollow Shafts and their Components

1.1 Shaft Torque and Shearing Stress in Solid and Hollow Shafts
 Problem 1
A hydraulic turbine in a hydropower plant is rated at 12,000 hp (8952 kW). The steel vertical shaft connecting the turbine and generator is 24 in
(60.96 cm) in diameter and rotates at 60 r/min. What is the maximum torque and shearing stress in the shaft at full load?
1.2 Torsional Deflection

Given parameters:
Polar moment of inertia of the circular shaft
Torsional Shear Stress
Radius of the shaft
Modulus or Rigidity of the shaft
Length of the shaft
Angle of twist in radians

Problem 2
A solid cast-iron circular shaft 60 in (152.4 cm) long carries a solid circular head 60 in in diameter at one end, Fig. 1. The bar is subjected to a
torsional moment of 60,000 lb in (6780 Nm) which is applied at one end. It is desired to keep the torsional deflection of the circular head below
1 ⁄32 in (0.079 cm) when the shaft is transmitting power over its entire length in order to prevent chattering of the assembly. What should the
diameter of the shaft be if the working stress is taken as 3000 lb/in2 (20.7 MPa) and the transverse modulus of elasticity is 6 million lb/in2

Figure:
Problem 3
What diameter steel shaft is required to transmit 2200 hp (1641 kW) at 2000 r/min with a maximum fiber stress in the shaft of 15,000 lb/in2
(103.4 MPa)?
Given:
Problem 4
A solid circular shaft is used to transmit 200 hp (149 kW) at 1000 r/min.
(a) What diameter shaft is required if the allowable maximum shearing stress is 20,000 lb/ in2 (137.8 MPa)?
(b) If a hollow shaft is used having an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the solid shaft determined in part (a), what must be the
outside diameter of this shaft if the angular twist of the two shafts is to be equal?