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Ioan Hutu, DMV, PhD,
Veterinarian (1997), animal
science engineer (2001), master
in management (2012), PhD in
animal reproduction (2002) at
USAMVBT. Associate Professor
in the Discipline of Animal
Production, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine Timisoara, Romania.
ISBN 978-606-785-148-9
Kor Oldenbroek, Eng, PhD,
Master in Animal Husbandry
(1973) and PhD in Animal
Breeding and Nutrition (1988)
from Wageningen University, the
Netherlands. Retired, associate
specialist invited to the Center for
Genetic Resources Netherlands.
ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
Liesbeth van der Waaij , Eng, PhD
Master in Animal Husbandry (1996)
and PhD in Animal Husbandry and
Genetics (2001) from Wageningen
University, the Netherlands. Former
ANIMAL BREEDING AND
Assistant Professor at Animal
Reproduction and Genomics
Center, Wageningen University, HUSBANDRY
The Netherland
Ioan Hutu
Kor Oldenbroek
Liesbeth van der Waaij
I. Hutu, K. Oldenbroek, L. van der Waaij
AGROPRINT - TIMISOARA, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND
HUSBANDRY
textbook

Ioan Huțu
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara

Kor Oldenbroek
Center for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands

Liesbeth van derWaaij

Animal Genomics and Breeding Center, The Netherlands

Agroprint Publishing House, Timisoara, Romania, 2020

Scientific references:
Prof. Emil Sas Eng. PhD
Marcel MatiutiEng, PhD
Prof. Viorel Herman, DMV, PhD
Prof.EmilTirziu, DMV, PhD

Layout and adaptation:

Ioan Hutu and Isolde Heim

Descrierea CIP a BiblioteciiNaţionale a României

HUŢU, IOAN
Animal breeding and husbandry / Ioan Huţu, KorOldenbroek, Liesbeth van der
Waaij. - Timişoara :Agroprint, 2020
Conţinebibliografie
ISBN 978-606-785-148-9

I. Oldenbroek, Kor
II. Waaij, Liesbeth van der

636.09

Printed: December 2020

Any part of this work can be copied and redistributed, in any medium or format.
License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Recommended citation:

Hutu, I., Oldenbroek, K, van der Waaij, L., Animal breeding and
husbandry,Agroprint, Timisoara, 2020.
 FOREWORD

The Animal breeding and husbandrytextbook is mainly addressed to the

students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Michael I of Romania" from
Timisoara.
In writing, approaching and presenting the course we started from the current
situation in Romania - the mirror of improvement is the country's livestock -, from
the structure of the curriculum for veterinary medicine and from the needs of
second year students, English section, veterinary medicine.

Cows of the farmer Fulop Josef from Dănești, Harghita

Photo: eng. Daniel Ioan Dănuț
The course is structured in two parts: one related to general animal
husbandry (which includes introductory elements, origin, domestication,
systematics and morphology of animals) and one in which notions and concepts of
animal genetics and breeding are presented. In order to cover many of the
contextual weaknesses, such as the degree of preparation of the second year
student, the curricular path and the already notorious assertion that "the vet does
not like math" we tried, and I hope we succeeded, to bring improvement in a
descriptive but pragmatic approach, we consider easy and engaging in the form of
"improvement program".
 In this regard, my thanks go to Wageningen University affiliates: Kor
Oldenbroek of the Center for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands and Liesbeth
van der Waaijde of the Animal Breedingand Genomics Center, who were available
and kind to provide the Textbook Animal Breedingand Genetics
(https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/display/TAB/), in order to adapt this manual for the
Veterinary school, English section.

The course information is presented from the perspective of the students'

next development area - being located in the immediate vicinity of existing
knowledge - accessibility, usefulness and efficiency - we consider necessary
ingredients in training and developing the horizon of the young specialist. That is
why, I think, through a thematic and methodical approach, the Animal breeding and
husbandry textbook will be able to constitute an essential “brick” in the “edifice” of
the future veterinarian.

Good luck with studying!

Easy to understand!
… And success!
Dr. Ioan Hutu,
Timisoara,
October 2020
 1 st
part

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

The goal of Animal husbandry is to increase knowledge on reproduction,

feeding, breeding and exploitation of agricultural animals. It`s contributions to
agricultural science help to provide the world`s population with animal products, the
food and light industry with raw materials and agriculture with organic fertilizers.
Besides farming and commercial purposes, it also improves breeding human pets
and animals used in sports or traction (traction dogs, horses, etc.).
From a food security perspective, animal husbandry answers questions
about the origin and safety of products and the adequacy of animal production as
well as the ways in which animal production is obtained.
Animal husbandry comprises several branches such as: Breeding horses,
raising cattle (cattle and buffalo), pig farming (raising pigs), goats, oviculture
(raising sheep), poultry (raising poultry), aquaculture (raising fish and mollusks) ,
rabbit farming (raising purebred rabbits) etc.
Therefore,

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture whose object is the multiplication

and rearing of animals and birds, silk butterflies, aquatic animals (fish, molluscs)
and air (with reference to beekeeping)

9| © FMVT, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
This book is a practical guide which will lead the reader step by step from
general understanding of the topic to establishing a breeding business. The first
part explains issues related to domestication of animals as well as zootechnical
systematics. Main topics will include differentiation of species, morphological
characters, productive performances of breeds, geographical issues to be aware
of, future market requirements, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability
and social acceptance of animals.
In combination with the practical work taking place simultaneously specialists
in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary students will be trained in a very
thorough way
Part 1 also covers the main elements on animal husbandry and development
as well as issues related to biodiversity and especially to zootechnical diversity.
Working through this book it will become clear for the students that
modernizing animal husbandry will lead to a better standard of living in the future.

10 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

INTRODUCTION IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Chapter I. 1
INTRODUCTION
IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

1.1. Definition, object and importance of the study of animal

husbandry
Animal husbandry has a very long history, beginning with the taming and
domestication of wild animals. The development of productive forces made it
possible to make the first significant division of labor: Animal husbandry on one
side, agricultural crop culture on the other. Cain and Abel were considered the first
to specialize.
The term animal husbandry, synonymous with animal husbandry or
1 2
zooculture, comes from the Greek word zoon and techne . It was introduced to
science by the Count de Gasparin, in his treatise entitled "Cours d 'agriculture"
published in 1884 in Paris. Over time, there have been several attempts to specify
the term. Thus, Gasparin (1884), Sanson (1886 - the science that deals with the
knowledge and exploitation of animals), Cornevin (1891) and Cl. Bernard (1894)
each tried to define animal husbandry.
Professor GK Constantinescu3 described animal husbandry as the science
that deals with the breeding, multiplication, breeding and exploitation of animals.
Professors Furtunescu and Fişteag defined animal husbandry as the science that
deals with the development of working methods related to raising and breeding
domestic animals.

1
Animal
2
Craft, science, art
3
Professor GK Constantinescu founded the Romanian Zootechnical Institute, which owned the first
collection of bull breeds. The second attempt to reunite all the bull breeds in Romania was initiated by
professor I. Fişteag at the Didactic and Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute from Timişoara.

11 | © FMVT, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
Emil Sas (2002), professor at the Discipline of Animal Husbandry of the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Timişoara considers animal husbandry as the
science that has as object the knowledge of breeding, exploitation, reproduction,
improvement, productions, interdisciplinary research, ethology and ecology of farm
animals, company, laboratory and entertainment, organization of production and
construction of profile farms.

1.1.1. The object of animal husbandry

Object of animal husbandry studies are several species of vertebrates (birds,
fish and mammals) and arthropods (silk butterflies and bees), the method of study
of this science is the experimental one.
Animal husbandry has an applicative character and is closely related to other
disciplines in the field of biological sciences. Thorough study of this discipline is
based on knowledge of many subjects: Aanatomy, histology, physiology,
biochemistry, genetics, reproduction, heredopathology, ethology, ecology, nutrition
and biological statistics.
Knowledge of geography, pedology, climatology, hygiene and nutrition is also
required. It provides data on natural and artificial environmental conditions. Since
the time of Cornevin (1897) the study of animal husbandry has been divided into
two distinct parts: general animal husbandry and special animal husbandry.
General animal husbandry has as object the presentation of the notions of
species and race, their origin and formation, the characters, traits and peculiarities
of race, the morphophysiological bases and the factors that influence the main
productive traits. General animal husbandry explains the basic elements of
breeding (selection, mating management, breeding methods), as well as the
technique of raising animal youth. Considering from the range of topics addressed
in this discipline, the phrase general animal husbandry has been replaced by the
phrase animal breeding.
Special animal husbandry deals with the application of the principles,
methods and techniques of production, breeding, exploitation and maintenance
that have been developed by general animal husbandry. It establishes the
technique of production, breeding, breeding and use of animals of each species
according to their particularities. The phrase special animal husbandry has
currently been replaced by the phrase animal production.

12 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

INTRODUCTION IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
1.1.2. The importance of raising animals
The importance of the study of animal husbandry results from its definition. It
is concerned with the main characters and characteristics of farm animals, the laws
governing the evolution, growth and development of the animal organism. General
animal husbandry, together with genetics and heredopathology, as well as special
animal husbandry, is the scientific basis of animal production practice.
In this context, the future role of the veterinarian is, on the one hand, to
maintain animal health by correctly handling the relationship between animal and
breeding technology and. On the other hand, the veterinarian has to control and
supervise the achievement of healthy animal production. in different circumstances
and growth technologies.

1.2. The historical evolution of animal husbandry

1.2.1. Cultural, religious and mythical interferences
From ancient times on the animals and breeding them have intertwined with
certain aspects of the religious or cultural life of the peoples; In some cultures,
interference continues to show its influence even in the 21st century. In its
beginnings, from Paleolithic to modern furniture, more than 3/4 of the works have a
zoomorphic motif either singular or attached to anthropomorphic motifs.
4
Mythologic Greek is rich in zoomorphic motifs; here we meet the minotaur ,
the centaur5, the cerberus6 or the Trojan horse7. Amalthea8, Herackles9.

4
Monster from Greek mythology with half man, half bull, the adulterous son of Queen Pasiphae, the
wife of King Minos, with the miraculous bull sent to Crete by the god Poseidon. He is killed by Thezeus,
who crosses the labyrinth built by Daedalus, with the help of a thread given by his girlfriend Ariadne, the
king's daughter.
5
Fabulous creature from Greek mythology with the lower half of the body, four-legged, horse, and the
upper half, over the waist, human, male. The most widespread myth attributes the birth of centaurs in
Thessaly from the union of the ghost Nephele (created by Zeus in the image of the goddess Hera) with
King Ixion.
6
Monstrous dog from Greek mythology, born of the couple Typhon - Echidna, Hydra's brother. He was
given three heads (rarely 50 or 100 heads) and was tasked with guarding hell at the gates of Hades.
Cerberus had the eternal mission of guarding the entry into hell of the shadows of the dead and of not
allowing anyone to enter the human world; allowing only the entry of shadows, not living people, like any
good watchdog, who lets strangers into his territory (sheepfold, yard, house), he mainly controlled the
exit, not letting them go.
7
Huge wooden horse, built by the Achaeans on the advice of Odysseus. Being received in the city by
the Trojans, the Achaean warriors hidden in it went out during the night and opened the gates of the city
to their army, causing the fall of Troy - the "Iliad".
8
The goat that fed Zeus with its milk. He gives the nymphs a horn of that goat and thus the horn of
Amalthea, endowed with the ability to give anything as he wishes, becomes the Horn of Abundance.
9
The illegitimate son of Zeus, born at 10 months, being condemned to the 12 labors by Eurystheus, kills
the lion of Nemea, Hydra of Lerna, catches the Arcadian boar, the deer with copper legs and golden
horns, cleans the stables of Augias (dirty with the manure of the 3000 cattle, accumulated in 30 years

13 | © FMVT, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
They all are mythological characters whose names are linked to numerous
zoomorphic legends that have enriched spirituality over time. To the ancient
Egyptians, the bull and the sun were the symbol of procreation.
Judaism demands the justification of human sins by the flow of animal blood.
In the pages of the Bible, the blood of animals becomes the sacrifice of forgiveness
throughout the Old Testament.
Christianity it is based on the archetype of the brass serpent erected by
Moses for the redemption of those who believe; "As Moses lifted up the serpent in
the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up."10
Indian Hindus - the religion of those who believe that not only will they live
again after death, but are convinced that they have already lived other lives -
worship the cow and consider it the possessor of great power.
1.2.2. Dynamics and evolution of animal husbandry
From a historical point of view the development of animal breeding, has
parallels parallel to the development of human society. Each social order is
historically delimited, being characterized by a certain stage of development of
animal husbandry. During the period known in history as the "primitive commune"
the process of domestication took place. This has been of great importance for the
development of society. Men began to raise animals not only for food and furs, but
also used them for agricultural work, for example horses for pulling ploughs. In this
last period some breeds have been formed and written documents appeared in
connection with animal husbandry11.
In feudalism, production relations slowed the development of the forces of
production and, as such, animal husbandry evolved more slowly. In some aspects
it even moved back under the level during ancient times. During the time of the first
Toflerian wave (the first industrial revolution), emerging urban agglomerations and
city development increased the needs for food of animal origin.
Animals were becoming more and more used both to obtain their
productions and to supply raw materials for the various industrial branches. The
highest increase in animal husbandry can be found in England. England imported
cheap grain from Englands colonies which reduced the importance of cultivating
plants domestically.

and which had to be removed in one day), drives away the birds from Lake Stymphalos, catches the
angry bull from Crete, tames the mares of King Diomedes, brings the herds of oxen of Geryoneus,
brings from inferno cerberus etc.
10
Bible translation by Dumitru Cornilescu, - John 3:14.
11
Works of Chinese origin from the 4th millennium BC, the textbook on horse breeding discovered in
Asia Minor, writings of the Greeks Xenophon, and the Romans Varro, Virgilius, Columella, etc.

14 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

INTRODUCTION IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
At the same time, the business of animal husbandry grew and provided the
food necessary for the newly populated centers. While an effective scientific
guidance was still missing, English breeders used more advanced working
methods compared to the past, managing to obtain very good results. Thus, Sir
Robert Bakwell, succeeded in a suitable feeding, selection and matching of pairs to
create valuable breeds of sheep and cattle.
At the end of the 18th century Watson created in Scotland the Aberdeen-
Angus breed, a specialized breed for meat production. The race was based on
local herds in Aberdeen and Angus counties, infused with the Schorthorn breed
and black-skinned (Hamli) cattle from the Scandinavian countries. During the same
period, the brothers Robert and Charles Colling created the Shorthorn race12, a
new breed of cattle with good skills for meat production.
The Hereford cattle breed, formed in the 18th century in England by
Benjamin Tomkins, was bred by crossing Herefordshire cattle (southern England)
with the Devon, Shorthorn, Groning, Aberdeen-Angus and Red Polled breeds.
The working methods used by English breeders have spread over Europe to
countries like The Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland, where there has also
been a rapid development of animal husbandry, forming new breeds in almost all
species, for example Simmental, Frieze or Schvyz.
During the time span between the two industrial revolutions (mid-nineteenth
century - mid-twentieth century) genealogical records had been introduced and
used for reproductive isolation of animals. (the first General Studbook dates from
1791 and was opened for purebred English) This had been the premise of breed
creation. The establishment of breeder associations for animals of different breeds,
the creation of herdbooks, the organization of exhibitions and the official control of
production (since 1895 in cattle) made it possible to strengthen the characteristics
of recent breeds. State intervention in coordinating the improvement of domestic
herds takes place in most countries through imports / exports of valuable breeders
and the organization of public breeding.
In the nineteenth century scientific publications were not only based upon
practical observations but also on some scientific research like the ones from
Settegast, Sanson or Ch. Darwin. A special impetus for the zootechnical sciences
was given by the discovery of Mendel's laws and the structure of DNA.

12
The Shorthorn breed (syn. Durham) was formed in England in the 18th century by infusing local cattle
with Galovay and Aberdeen-Angus cattle. It is an early breed, adaptable but demanding to
environmental conditions. There is a type specialized for the production of Beef-Shorthorn meat and a
type with good skills for the production of Milking-Shorthorn milk.

15 | © FMVT, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
Subsequently, starting in the second half of the twentieth century, the
development of genetics allowed the improvement of genotypes and the
acceleration of genetic progress through reproductive biotechniques (insemination,
"in vitro" fertilization, embryo transfer). Also, there exists a wide range of
production systems – starting from households, family farms affiliated or not to
breeders' associations to multinationals, complex and combined for animal
husbandry. Regardless of the form of organization, due to the increase in
computing power, animal breeding is done by selection in breeding programs and
by industrial crosses, in the case of hybrid production.
In the 21st century it becomes more and more clear that genetic material
handling techniques as well as genetic maps will allow for large-scale genome
manipulation, transgenesis or cloning.

1.3. Key issues in animal husbandry

1. Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture whose object is the

multiplication and rearing of animals and birds, silk butterflies, aquatic
animals (fish, molluscs) and air (with reference to beekeeping).
2. Animal husbandry together with genetics and heredopathology is the
scientific basis of the practice of animal production
3. Animal husbandry has had and continues to have cultural interfaces in art,
mythology and religion; in fact, the evolution of modern society dependeds
on the development of the animal husbandry branch
4. The dynamics and evolution of animal breeding are associated with the
dynamics and development of human society: from the primitive commune
to modern society, animal husbandry has challenges, trends and directions
desirable to society.

16 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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49. MILLER, L.L., SIEGEL, P.B., DUNNINGTON, E.A., 1992, Inheritance of
antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in lines of chickens divergently
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52. NEAGU I., CULEA C., PETROMAN C., Zootehnie generală, Editura Mirton,
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54. NORMAN., M; RUSSELL M.A.; MITTERMEIER, C.G.; DA FONSECA, G.A.
B.; KENT, J., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. 2000.
403(6772): 853–858.
55. OLDENBROEK K., VAN DER WAAIJ L., Textbook Animal Breeding and
Genetics for BSc students. Centre for Genetic Resources The Netherlands
and Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, 2015.
56. OLDENBROEK, B., WAAIJ L., Textbook of animal breeding – course for
BcS. https:// wiki.groenkennisnet.nl / display / TAB /
57. OLDENBROEK, K, 2007, Utilization and conservation of farm animal
genetic resources. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Nederland.
58. OLDENBROEK, K, 2012, Het fokken van rashonden” (Kor Oldenbroek en
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in Dutch, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ISBN: 978-90-71101-00-7.
59. OPRESCU S., OȚEL, V. 1982, Genetica reproducției animale, Ed.
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60. OWENS, F. N.. DUBESKI, P., HANSONT,C.F., Factors that Alter the
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61. PANFIL, C., 1974 Genetică, Editura didactică și pedagogică , București
62. Pearce, D., Moran, D., 1994. The Economic Value of Biodiversity,
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63. PEARCE, D., MORAN, D.,1994. The Economic Value of Biodiversity,
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64. PETHICK, D.W., 1984. Energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. În
Gawthorne, J.M., Baker S.K., Mackintosh, J.B., Purser, D.B. (ed), Ruminant
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65. PIPERNEA N., 1979, Îmbunătățirea structurii genetice a populațiilor de
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66. PIPERNEA, N, 1974, Ereditatea principalelor caractere și însușiiri la
animalele domestice, Editura Ceres, București.

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67. POP, A., LABUSCA, I., PETRESCU, RODICA, MOCHNACS, M., 1978,
Tehnologia creşterii ovinelor şi caprinelor, Ed. Did. şi Ped., Bucureşti.
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E.S.E. (ed.). Adaption of domestic animals. Lea & Fibiger, Philadelphia,
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86. WILCKENS, M. Die Rinderrassen Mittel-Europas; Wilhelm Braumüller:
Wien, Austria, 1876.
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Maloine, Paris
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89. WOOLLIAMS J., TOROIN, M., Chapter 3. What is genetic diversity? In:
Utilization and conservation of farm animal genetic resources, 2007. Editor.
Kor Oldenbroek. Wageningen Academic Publishers.

*** Concepts in Growth and Development, http://animalbiosciences. uoguelph.ca/

~swatland/ch8_1.htm
*** EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. European Commission website. European
Union. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
*** FAO, 1999. The Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic
Resources, www.fao.org/dad-is
*** FAO, 2000 (a). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS
2.0):http://dad.fao.org/dad-is/home.htm
*** OECD, 1996. Saving Biological Diversity: Economic Incentives, Paris.
*** slideplayer.com/slide/4373307/
*** www.slideshare.net/Anilkumar2120/mollecular-taxonomy
*** http://www.gesfokwaarden.eu /en/breedingvalues/pdf/E_09_EN.pdf

TUTORIALS & BACKGROUND IN GENETICS:

1. Introduction to heredity:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-genetics/mendelian--
genetics/v/introduction-to-heredity
2. Heredity 2: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-
genetics/mendelian--genetics/v/punnett-square-fun
3. Alleles and genes:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-
expression-central-dogma/central-dogma-transcription/v/alleles-and-genes
4. Allele frequency:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/her/heredity-
and-genetics/v/allele-frequency
5. What are phenotypes?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLpr6t4-eLI
6. Where do your genes come from? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
Yg89GY61DE

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TUTORIALS & BACKGROUND IN STATISTICS:

1. Introduction: mean, median and mode:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/data-distributions-
a1/summarizing-center-distributions/v/statistics-intro-mean-median-and-mode
2. Correlation and regression: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmB_wK6iLCs
3. Variance rules for statistics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsMGeseIDNg
4. Rules to calculate covariances:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2cngD54Qw
5. Introduction to the normal distribution:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/modeling-
distributions-of-data/normal-distributions-library/v/introduction-to-the-normal-
distribution

TUTORIALS – ANIMAL BREEDING:

1. Why Animal Breeding?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=wbLTe_1bKVE
2. The Seven Steps of a Breeding Program -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3r30EZc3IM
3. The Value of Information in Animal Breeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tffqHe8q4eY
4. The Concept of Inbreeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=462&v=Fk4OpMZx0B4
5. Consequences of Inbreeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=280&v=7Eh21o0QLXM
6. Animation Inbreeding and Genetic Relationships
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=eRG3RSVlWIE
7. The Concept of Genetic Models
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=131&v=mN6VX4mx9z4
8. The Genotypic Value
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=19&v=FtlWZ4lDSH0
9. Heritability
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=295&v=dCkK7oiI-0o
10. The Transmission Model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=202&v=B7PJBrn1uG8
11. Permanent and Common Environment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=73&v=_3CiIGNx6ks
12. Breeding Values – Genetic Concept

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqJN0t_8PeI
13. Estimating Breeding Values and Predicted Performance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=MB7WBeF41fw
14. Using Genomic Information
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=MTN3tfBiF74
15. Animation Estimated Breeding Value
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3fQ3__FLEE
16. Video: Calculating Genetic Gain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx7JWz0FD54
17. Mating
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05DDmOIzBqs
18. Inbreeding at the Population Level
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=hJh491hBUjg

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PART THREE: BIBLIOGRAPY 430

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 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

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View publication stats
Ioan Hutu, DMV, PhD,
Veterinarian (1997), animal
science engineer (2001), master
in management (2012), PhD in
animal reproduction (2002) at
USAMVBT. Associate Professor
in the Discipline of Animal
Production, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine Timisoara, Romania.
ISBN 978-606-785-148-9
Kor Oldenbroek, Eng, PhD,
Master in Animal Husbandry
(1973) and PhD in Animal
Breeding and Nutrition (1988)
from Wageningen University, the
Netherlands. Retired, associate
specialist invited to the Center for
Genetic Resources Netherlands.
ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
Liesbeth van der Waaij , Eng, PhD
Master in Animal Husbandry (1996)
and PhD in Animal Husbandry and
Genetics (2001) from Wageningen
University, the Netherlands. Former
ANIMAL BREEDING AND
Assistant Professor at Animal
Reproduction and Genomics
Center, Wageningen University, HUSBANDRY
The Netherland
Ioan Hutu
Kor Oldenbroek
Liesbeth van der Waaij
I. Hutu, K. Oldenbroek, L. van der Waaij
AGROPRINT - TIMISOARA, 2020