ikfy&o..

kkoyh

MkW- izQqYy xM+iky

vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS¼ 'kks/ laLFkku

xkserh uxj] y[kum$ ¼mÙkj izns'k½
2021
 izdk'kd ¼Publisher½
vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS¼ 'kks/ laLFkku
fofiu [k.M] xkserh uxj] y[kum$ ¼mÙkj izns'k½

© Writer

izdk'ku&o"kZ ¼Year of Publication½ & 2021

laLdj.k ¼Edition½
izFke] 2021 ¼First, 2021½] 5000 izfr;k¡

eqndz ¼Printer½
,l- ds- xzkfQDl
tkudhiqje~] y[kum$ ¼mÙkj izns'k½

ikfy&o..kkoyh 2
 lEikndh;

gesa ;g lwfpr djrs gq, ije g"kZ gks jgk gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS¼ 'kks/ laLFkku] y[kumQ
ds }kjk ^ikfy&o..kkoyh* uked iqfLrdk dk izdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA ikBdksa ds gkFkksa
esa bls lkSairs gq, ije g"kZ dk vuqHko gks jgk gSA
vkt u dsoy Hkkjr] vfirq lEiw.kZ fo'o esa rFkkxr Hkxoku~ cq¼ dh f'k{kkvksa
ds izfr ftKklk vkSj vkd"kZ.k fujUrj c<+ jgk gSA foiLluk&fo|k ds izpkj&izlkj ds lkFk
ikfy Hkk"kk ,oa lkfgR; ds izpkj&izlkj dh xgu vko';drk eglwl dh tk jgh gSA
ftKklq&tu ikfy Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; ds izfr #fpeUr gksdj i<+&le> jgs gSaA vkt ,d
Hkk"kk ds :i esa ikfy dks lh[kus&le>us dh izo`fÙk Hkh tksj idM+ jgh gSA ikfy bl ns'k
dh izkphu Hkk"kk gS rFkk bl Hkk"kk ds ekè;e ls yksx vkil esa okrkZyki djrs Fks rFkk
fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djrs FksA Lo;a rFkkxr Hkxoku~ xkSre cq¼ us Hkh blh Hkk"kk dks
vius mins'kksa dh Hkk"kk cukbZ rFkk blds ekè;e ls vius yksddY;k.kdkjh vkSj fgrdkjh
l¼Ee dk izpkj&izlkj fd;kA
fdlh le; Hkk"kk l¼Ee ds lkFk nwj&ns'kksa rd xbZ rFkk ogk¡ dh laLd`fr ds
lkFk ?kqy&fey xbZA blh Hkk"kk esa cq¼ok.kh :ih frfiVd gksus ds dkj.k ;g Hkk"kk lEiw.kZ
fo'o esa vR;Ur iwT; ekuh tkrh gS rFkk bldk cgqr lEeku fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh
ikfy dks /hjs&/hjs lEeku izkIr gks jgk gS rFkk blds fodkl rFkk izpkj&izlkj ds fy,
dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkxoku~ cq¼ dh 'khy&lnkpkj] 'kkfUr ,oa rdZ'khy mins'k blh
Hkk"kk esa izkIr gksrs gSaA vc rks lekt esa bl Hkk"kk dks lEHkk"k.k&Hkk"kk (fyaXok izQSadk) ds
:i esa LFkkfir djus gsrq iz;kl Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSaA blds lkFk laLFkkvksa ds }kjk
^ikfy&f'k{k.k vfHk;ku* Hkh pykus dh vko';drk vuqHko dh tk jgh gSA
gesa izlUurk gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS¼ 'kks/ laLFkku] y[kumQ bl fn'kk esa
egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z dj jgk gSA blh Øe esa izLrqr xzUFk dk izdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA bl
volj ij izLrqr xzUFk ds jpf;rk MkW- iziqQYy xM+iky th dks ge gkfnZd c/kbZ nsrs gSa
rFkk muds lq[kh rFkk fujkin thou dh dkeuk djrs gSaA xzUFk izdk'ku ds volj laLFkku
ds leLr vfèkdkfj;ksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dks gkfnZd 'kqHksPNk,¡A
lHkh dk dY;k.ksPNqd---
& f'ko dqekj ikBd
v
¼vke½ vEcQya

vk
¼dqlhZ½ vklfUn

b
¼byk;ph½ bGk

bZ
¼gy dh Qky½ bZ l k
ikfy&o..kkoyh 4
m
¼mYyw½ myqdks

Å
¼tk¡?k½ Å#
,
¼HksM+½ ,Gdks

vks
¼Å¡V½ vksëks
ikfy&o..kkoyh 5
d
¼dey½ deya

[k
¼[ktwj½ [kTtwjh
x
¼gkFkh½ xtks
?k
¼x`fg.kh½ ?kj.kh
³ ³
ikfy&o..kkoyh 6
p
¼pؽ pDda

N
¼Nrjh½ NÙka
t
¼uhacw½ tEchja
>
¼>haxwj½ >fYydk
×k
¼Kkuh½ ×kk.kh
ikfy&o..kkoyh 7
V
¼NSuh½ V.da

B
¼LFkku½ Bkua

M M
< <
.k .k
ikfy&o..kkoyh 8
r
¼rFkkxr½ rFkkxrks

Fk
¼FkSyh½ Fkfodk

n
¼vkbZuk½ nIi.kks

/k
¼>.Mk½ /ktks

u
¼usoyk½ udq y ks
ikfy&o..kkoyh 9
i
¼xqfM+;k½ i×pkfydk

Q
¼Qjlk½ Qjlq

c
¼cxqyk½ cdks

Hk
¼lSfud½ HkVks

e
¼eqdqV½ edqVks
ikfy&o..kkoyh 10
;
¼laU;klh½ ;fr

j
¼jFk½ jFkks

y
¼dVgy½ ycqta

o
¼ck¡l½ oalks

l
¼[kjxks'k½ llks
ikfy&o..kkoyh 11
 g
¼ân;½ gn;a

G G
va va

ikfy&o..kkoyh 12
 lj&C;×tukfu
ljk
v ¼a½ vk ¼ā½ b ¼i½ bZ ¼ī½
m ¼u½ Å ¼ū½ , ¼e½ vks ¼o½
C;×tukfu
^d*oXxks µ d¼k½ [k ¼kh½ x ¼g½ ?k ¼gh½ ³ ¼ï½
^p*oXxks µ p ¼c½ N ¼ch½ t ¼j½ > ¼jh½ ×k ¼ñ½
^V*oXxks µ V ¼ñ½ B ¼ñh½ M ¼ó½ < ¼óh½ .k ¼õ½
^r*oXxks µ r ¼t½ Fk ¼th½ n ¼d½ /k ¼dh½ u ¼n½
^i*oXxks µ i ¼p½ Q ¼ph½ c ¼b½ Hk ¼bh½ e ¼m½
; ¼y½ j ¼r½ y ¼l½ o ¼v½ l ¼s½
g ¼h½ G ¼ë½ va ¼ü½
^va* bfr fuXxfgra oqPpfrA
jLlk ljk ¼v] b] m½ µ 3
nh?kk ljk ¼vk] bZ] Å] ,] vks½ µ 5
lslk C;×tuk µ 33
;ksxks µ 41

ikfy&o..kkoyh 13
 ljh#Ppkj.k&Bkukfu
d.Btk µ d&oXxks] v] vk] g
rkyqtk µ p&oXxks] b] bZ] ;
eq)tk µ V&oXxks] j] G
nUrtk µ r&oXxks] y] l
vksëtk µ i&oXxks] m] Å
ukfldtk µ va ¼³] ×k] .k] u] e½
d.Brkyqtks µ ,
d.Bksëtks µ vks
nUrksëtks µo

ikfy&o..kkoyh 14
 C;×tu&ekyk
d dk fd dh dq dw ds dks

[k [kk f[k [kh [kq [kw [ks [kks

x xk fx xh xq xw xs xks

?k ?kk f?k ?kh ?kq ?kw ?ks ?kks

³ ³k f³ ³h ³q ³w ³s ³ks

p pk fp ph pq pw ps pks

N Nk fN Nh Nq Nw Ns Nks

t tk ft th tq tw ts tks

> >k f> >h >q >w >s >ks

×k ×kk f×k ×kh ×kq ×kw ×ks ×kks

ikfy&o..kkoyh 15
V Vk fV Vh Vq Vw Vs Vks

B Bk fB Bh Bq Bw Bs Bks

M Mk fM Mh Mq Mw Ms Mks

< <k f< <h <q <w <s <ks

.k .kk f.k .kh .kq .kw .ks .kks

r rk fr rh rq rw rs rks

Fk Fkk fFk Fkh Fkq Fkw Fks Fkks

n nk fn nh nq nw ns nks

/k /kk f/k /kh /kq /kw /ks /kks

u uk fu uh uq uw us uks

i ik fi ih iq iw is iks
ikfy&o..kkoyh 16
Q Qk fQ Qh Qq Qw Qs Qks

c ck fc ch cq cw cs cks

Hk Hkk fHk Hkh Hkq Hkw Hks Hkks

e ek fe eh eq ew es eks

; ;k f; ;h ;q ;w ;s ;ks

j jk fj jh # : js jks

y yk fy yh yq yw ys yks

o ok fo oh oq ow os oks

l lk fl lh lq lw ls lks

g gk fg gh gq gw gs gks

G Gk fG Gh Gq Gw Gs Gks

ikfy&o..kkoyh 17
 la[;k
1 ,da 25 i×pohlfr
2 }s 26 NCchlfr
3 rhf.k 27 lÙkohlfr
4 pÙkkfj 28 v_ohlfr
5 i×p 29 ,owQufralfr
6 N 30 fralfr (fralk)
7 lÙk 31 ,dfralfr
8 v_ 32 cfÙklfr (}kfÙkalfr)
9 uo 33 rsfÙkalfr (rsfÙkalk)
10 nl 34 prqfÙkalfr
11 ,dknl (,dkjl) 35 i×pfralfr (i×pfralk)
12 ckjl (okjl@}knl) 36 NfÙkalfr
13 rsjl (rsGl) 37 lÙkfralfr (lÙkfralk)
14 pksíl (prqíl) 38 v_fralfr (v_fralk)
15 i×pnl (i..kjl) 39 ,owQupÙkkfylfr
16 lksGl (lksjl) 40 pÙkkfylfr (pÙkkGhlfr@
17 lÙknl (lÙkjl) pÙkkGhla@pÙkkGhlk)
18 v_knl (v_kjl) 41 ,dpÙkkfylfr
19 mQuohlfr (,owQuohlfr) 42 }spÙkkfylfr (f}pÙkkfylfr)
20 ohlfr (ohla) 43 frpÙkkfylfr
21 ,dohlfr 44 prqpÙkkfylfr
22 ckohlfr (}sohlfr@}kohlfr) 45 i×ppÙkkfylfr
23 rssohlfr 46 NPpÙkkfylfr
24 prqohlfr 47 lÙkpÙkkfylfr

ikfy&o..kkoyh 18
 48 v_pÙkkfylfr 74 prqlÙkfr
49 ,owQui×pklk 75 i×plÙkfr
(,owQui×pklfr) 76 NlÙkfr
50 i×pklk (i..kklfr@i××kklfr) 77 lÙklÙkfr
51 ,di×pklk 78 v_lÙkfr
52 f}i×pklk 79 ,owQuklhfr
53 fri×pklk 80 vlhfr
54 prqi×pklk 81 ,dklhfr
55 i×pi×pklk 82 }klhfr
56 Ni×pklk 83 fr;klhfr
57 lÙki×pklk 84 prqjklhfr
58 v_i×pklk 85 i×pklhfr
59 ,owQulf_ 86 NGklhfr
60 lf_ 87 lÙkklhfr
61 ,dlf_ 88 v_klhfr
62 f}lf_ 89 ,owQuuoqfr
63 frlf_ 90 uoqfr
64 prqlf_ 91 ,duoqfr
65 i×plf_ 92 f}uoqfr
66 Nlf_ 93 fruoqfr
67 lÙklf_ 94 prquoqfr
68 v_lf_ 95 i×puoqfr
69 ,owQulÙkfr 96 NÂoqfr
70 lÙkfr 97 lÙkuoqfr
71 ,dlÙkfr 98 v_uoqfr
72 f}lÙkfr 99 ,owQu lra
73 frlÙkfr 100 lÙka
ikfy&o..kkoyh 19
 dkyks
fnolkua ukekfu
1- jfookjks µ jfookj
2- pUnokjks@lkseokjks µ lkseokj
3- dqtokjks@eúyokjks µ eaxyokj
4- cqèkokjks µ cqèkokj
5- xq#okjks µ xq#okj
6- lqDdokjks µ 'kqØokj
7- lfuokjks µ 'kfuokj

eklkua ukekfu*
1- QqLlks ¼QqLleklks½ µ ikS"k µ tuojheklks
2- ek?kks µ ek?k µ Qjojheklks
3- QXxq.kks@QXxquks µ QkYxqu µ ePpeklks
4- fpÙkeklks µ pS=k µ vifjyeklks
5- oslkdks µ oS'kk[k µ ebZeklks
6- tsëeklks µ T;s"B µ twueklks
7- vklkGgks µ vk"kk<+ µ tqykbZeklks
8- lko.kks µ lkou µ vxÙkeklks
9- iksëiknks µ Hkknzin µ flrEcjeklks
10- vLl;qtks µ vkf'ou µ vdVwcjeklks
11- dfÙkdks µ dkfrZd µ uoEcjeklks
12- ekxfljks µ ekxZ'kh"kZ µ fnlEcjeklks
* xzsxksfj;u dSys.Mj ds eghuksa rFkk Hkkjrh; dSys.Mj dk le;&pØ lEHkkfor gSaA

ikfy&o..kkoyh 20
 mrwua ukekfu
1- olUr&mrq µ fpÙkeklrks oslkda ;ko µ pS=k ls oS'kk[k rd
¼olUr&_rq½ ¼ePprks vifjya ;ko½ ¼ekpZ ls viSzy rd½
2- fxEg&mrq µ tsëeklrks vklkGga ;ko µ T;s"B ls vk"kk<+ rd
¼xzh"e&_rq½ ¼ebZrks twua ;ko½ ¼ebZ ls twu rd½
3- oLlku&mrq µ lko.keklrks iksëikna ;ko µ lkou ls Hkknzin rd
¼o"kkZ&_rq½ ¼tqykbZrks flrEcja ;ko½ ¼tqykbZ ls flrEcj rd½
4- ljn&mrq µ vLl;qtrks dfÙkda ;ko µ vkf'ou ls dkfrZd rd
¼'kjn&_rq½ ¼vdVwcjrks uoEcja ;ko½ ¼vDVwcj ls uoEcj rd½
5- gseUr&mrq µ ekxfljrks QqLla ;ko µ ekxZ'kh"kZ ls ikS"k rd
¼gseUr@ ¼fnlEcjrks tuojha ;ko½ ¼fnlEcj ls 16 tuojh rd½
'khr&_rq½
6- flflj&mrq µ ek?keklrks QXxq.ka ;ko µ ek?k ls QkYxqu rd
¼f'kf'kj&_rq½ ¼tuojhrks Qjojha ;ko½ ¼16 tuojh ls Qjojh rd½
o..kk@júk
lsra µ lQsn dklk;a µ dk"kk;
uhya µ uhyk d.ga µ dkyk
ihra µ ihyk ikVya µ xqykch
yksfgra@jÙka µ yky bZli.Mq µ Hkwjk jax
fiúya µ rifdjh dcja µ prdcjk
gfjra µ gjk feLla@feLlda@fefLlraµ fefJr
#p;ks @ jlk
eèkqja µ ehBk frf[k.ka@frÙka µ rh[kk
dVqda@dDdla µ dMqok yks.ka µ uedhu
vfEcya@dlk;a µ [kêk lkfn µ Lokfn"V
ikfy&o..kkoyh 21
 fdfj;kinkfu
xPNfr tkrk gSA l;fr lksrk gSA
vkxPNfr vkrk gSA jD[kfr j{kk djrk gSA
dhGfr@[ksyfr [ksyrk gSA f[kIifr Qsadrk gSA
pyfr pyrk gSA lsofr lsok djrk gSA
èkkofr nkSM+rk gSA dEifr dk¡irk gSA
uefr ueLdkj djrk gSA eífr fupksMr+ k gS] jkSna rk gSA
iwtsfr iwtk djrk gSA fdysnfr xhyk gksrk gSA
iBfr@v/kh;fr i<+rk gSA fuehysfr ¼vk¡[ks½a cUn djrk gSA
fy[kfr fy[krk gSA mEehyfr ¼vk¡[ksa½ [kksyrk gSA
iLlfr ns[krk gSA fuolfr@olfr okl djrk gS] jgrk gSA
fulhnfr cSBrk gSA rksVsfr rksM+rk gSA
mëgfr [kM+k gksrk gS] mBrk gSA [k.Msfr@dÙksfr dkVrk gSA
fogjfr fogkj djrk gSA tyfr tyrk gSA
ugk;fr@flukfr ugkrk gSA ikiq.kksfr@iIiksfr@ izkIr djrk gSA
bPNfr pkgrk gSA yHkfr
ptfr R;kxrk gSA fodlfr@oïsfr c<+rk gS] fodflr
nsfr@nnkfr nsrk gSA gksrk gSA
Hkq×tfr@[kknfr [kkrk gSA cqT>fr@tkukfr le>rk gSA
;kpfr ek¡xrk gSA vfUolfr@eXxsfr vUos"k.k djrk gSA
uPpfr ukprk gSA fgalfr fgalk djrk gS]
èkksofr /kksrk gSA ekjrk gSA
lq.kksfr lqurk gSA yTtfr 'kekZrk gSA
fuUnfr fuUnk djrk gSA lksHkfr@jkspfr 'kksfHkr gksrk gSA
xk;fr xkrk gSA glfr galrk gSA
frëfr #drk gSA #nfr@jksfnfr jksrk gSA
ficfr ihrk gSA ipfr idkrk gSA
iqPNfr iwNrk gSA mïsfr@M;fr mM+rk gSA
dh.kkfr [kjhnrk gSA fogjfr fogkj djrk gS] jgrk gSA

ikfy&o..kkoyh 22
lklfr@mifnlfr@ mins'k djrk gSA x.gkfr Lohdkjrk gSA
mifnLlfr@fnLlfr fuoklsfr igurk gSA
d.Mqofr [kqtkrk gS dFksfr@Hkklfr@
>k;fr è;ku djrk gS Hk.kfr@onfr dgrk gSA
flT>fr rS;kj gksrk gSA tkukfr tkurk gSA
[kyfr L[kfyr gksrk gSA oknsfr ctkrk gSA
fpuksfr pqurk gSA dh.kkfr [kjhnrk gSA
t;fr thrrk gSA lDdksfr@vjgfr ldrk gSA
thofr thrk gSA uUnfr vkufUnr gksrk gSA
ikysfr ikyrk gSA lsfr lksrk gSA
lUrIifr lUrkfir gksrk gSA usfr ys tkrk gSA
rksysfr rkSyrk gSA vkusfr ykrk gSA
n.Msfr nf.Mr djrk gSA Hkefr ?kwerk gSA
iogfr cgrk gSA Hkkesfr ?kwekrk gSA
mPpkjsfr mPpkj.k djrk gS] vkjksgfr p<+rk gSA
dgrk gSA vksjksgfr@vksrjfr uhps mrjrk gSA
ueDdjksfr ueLdkj djrk gSA [k.kfr [kksnrk gSA
ikBsfr i<+krk gSA iq×Nfr iksaNrk gSA
vkpjsfr vkpj.k djrk gSA jpfr cukrk gSA
nLlsfr fn[kkrk gSA ifolfr izos'k djrk gSA
foRFkkjsfr foLrkfjr djrk gSA fuXxPNfr ckgj tkrk gSA
irfr fxjrk gSA fuEekfr cukrk gSA
ljfr Lej.k djrk gSA nalfr Malrk gSA
islsfr Hkstrk gSA Hkefr@ioÙksfr ?kwerk gSA
Qqlfr Nwrk gS] Li'kZ djrk gSA dlfr d`f"k djrk gSA
ilalfr iz'kalk djrk gSA fot;fr thrrk gSA
tkysfr tykrk gSA fl×pfr flapkbZ djrk gSA
pkysfr pykrk gSA folsli;ksxksµ ^djksfr*&insu lg ,rsla
fuCckisfr cq>krk gSA fdfj;kua i;ksxks dj.kh;ksA
flCcfr lhykbZ djrk gSA uPpa@Hkkstua@xkua@dfj;a@nLlua@iwtua@vPpua@iRFkuka@
gksfr@Hkofr gksrk gSA ys[kua@glua@iBua & bPpkfni;ksxks
vfRFk@oÙkfr gSA ;Fkkµ uPpa djksfr & uPpfr

ikfy&o..kkoyh 23
 vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS) 'kks/k laLFkku % ,d ifjp;
vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS) 'kks/k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk laLd`fr ekeyksa ds foHkkx] mÙkj izns'k ljdkj }kjk dh
xbZ gSA bl laLFkku dk eq[; mís'; ckS) /keZ ds eq[; ?kVd tSls /keZ] n'kZu] dyk] laLd`fr] okLrqdyk vkSj
lkfgR; dk vè;;u vkSj laj{k.k gSA
laLFkku ds y{; vkSj mís';µ
1- Hkkjrh; vkSj fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa ckS) lkfgR; dh ikaM$fyfi;ksa dk izdk'ku djuk rFkk bu ij
xEHkhj 'kksèk dk;Z djukA
2- ckS) lkfgR; vkSj vU; lac½ tkudkjh ds ewy laxzg dks O;ofLFkr djds izLrqr djuk] ftlesa
fMthVy ykbczsjh ds ek/;e ls bl lqfo/kk dks vklku cuk;k x;k gSA
3- ikyh] laLd`r vkSj frCcrh Hkk"kkvksa ds v/;;u ls vuqlU/kkrkvksa vkSj Nk=kksa dks ckS) lkfgR;
dk rqyukRed v/;;u djkukA
4- ckS) v/;;u ds {ks=k ds fy, lefiZr fo}kuksa vkSj vuqlU/kkrkvksa ds fy, iqjLdkj vkSj lEeku
iznku djus ds fy, ljdkj vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds lkFk ea=k.kk djds fu;eksa dh LFkkiuk djukA
5- ckS) lkfgR; vkSj muls lacf/kr ikaM$fyfi;ksa ds fy, iqLrdky;ksa dh LFkkiuk djukA
6- Hkkjr vkSj vU; ns'kksa es]a tgk¡ ckS) iqjkrkfRod mR[kuu LFky gS] f'k{kkfonksa vkSj vuqlèa kkudrkZvksa
ds fy, laLd`fr Vwj dk vk;kstu djukA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS) 'kks/k laLFkku % ,d utj µ
vkd"kZd Hkou] LoPN okrkuqdwfyr d{k] Hkkjrh; dyk] laLd`fr] bfrgkl] n'kZu] iqjkrRo vkSj
lacf/kr ckS) v/;;u ij lqO;ofLFkr iqLrdky;] vPNh rjg ls lqlfTtr O;k[;ku d{k vkSj lEesyu lHkkxkj]
vfrfFk oäkvksa] 'kks/kdrkZvksa vkSj dkslZ izfrHkkfx;ksa ds fy, Nk=kkokl] fu;fer if=kdkvksa ds vi&Vw&MsV
laLdj.k] bysDVªkfud ehfM;k vkSj iqLrdky; ds ek/;e ls lacf/kr fo"k;ksa esa tkudkjh vUrjkZ"Vªh; ckS) 'kks/
k laLFkku dk ifjp; gSA vke dk;kZy;ksa ls gVdj bl laLFkku ds Hkou ds vuq:i gh vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa
deZpkfj;ksa dk O;ogkj vR;Ur e`nqy rFkk lekos'kh gSA
laLFkku esa izos'k djrs gh Hkxoku cq) dh fo'kky ewfrZ ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA rhu eaftyk bl Hkou es
dbZ dkslZ lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSAa buesa eq[; gSµ a
1- efgykvksa ds fy;s ckS) lkfgR; vkSj ikyh Hkk"kk esa rhu o"khZ; B.A. dk fu%'kqYd dkslZ] tks
y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls lac)rk&izkIr gSA
2- ckS) /keZ vkSj ikfy Hkk"kk esa #fp j[kus okyksa ds fy;s ˆ ekg dk fu%'kqYd lfVZQsdV dkslZ]
ftldk le; mudh lqfo/kkuqlkj j[kk x;k gSA
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