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ჯონსონი
ჯონსონი
semiuel jonsoni
erTis mxriv, jonsonisTvis berklis filosofiuri pozicia yvelaze axlobeli da misaRebia, magram
amavdroulad, igi cdilobs amerikuli puritanizmis tradiciebis farglebSi berklis filosofiis gadaxedvas
qristianuli Teologiis prizmidan. konkretulad, misi mcdeloba mimarTulia qristianul-platonur WrilSi
berklis reviziisaken.
jonsonis filosofiur-Teologiur paradigmaSi centraluri problemebia – substancia da arqetipuli
codnis Tema.
jonsonis mixedviT berkli uaryofs ara substancias, rogorc aseTs, aramed mis materialur
bunebas. berklis miaCnia, rom arseboben mxolod sulieri substanciebi. jonsonisTvis misaRebia
substanciis es ganmarteba. berklisTan erTad igi amtkicebs, rom terminiT “me” aRiniSneba igive,
rac igulisxmeba sulis, an sulieri substanciis cnebis qveS.
jonsonma unda gaarkvios, Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeli codnis sam saxeobrivi puritanuli Teoriis
gadasvla berklianizmSi. es misi filosofiis erTerTi mTavari sakiTxia.
puritaneli Teologebisa da kembrijeli neoplatonikosebis mier upirobod miRebuli ramusis
swavlebis mixedviT, arsebobs sami saxe, sami wyaro codnisa:
arqetipi- RvTaebrivi saxe, Tauri saxe yvela arsebuli sagnisa,
entipi- RvTaebrivi Semoqmedebis Sedegad am saxis miwieri ganxorcieleba,
eqtipi -adamianis warmodgena Seqmnil samyaroze.
berkli iyenebs am terminologias puritanul TeologiaSi miRebuli midgomisagan
gansxvavebulad; igi, erTis mxriv, gaurbis aSkara platonizms, da ambobs, rom SeuZleblia arqetipTa
damoukidebeli arseboba. magram, meores mxriv, ismis SekiTxva: Tu ar arsebobs sagnis pirdapiri
aRqmis saSualeba, sad veZioT maTi arsebobis garantia? berklisTan es garantirebuli arseboba
RmerTisganaa.
jonsons sworad esmis berklis antisubstancionalizmi, romlisTvisac arqetipsa da eqtips Soris
ar unda arsebobdes materialuri bunebis mqone damoukidebeli da realurad arsebuli damakavSirebeli.
magram misTvis miuRebelia platoniseuli ideaTa samyaros damoukidebeli arseboba. amerikeli
filosofosi moiTxovs berklisagan arqetipTa metafizikuri statusis dazustebas. igi cdilobs ipovnos
ideaTaTvis navTsayudeli, monaxos gza, romliTac moxerxdeba maTi gamoiyvana cnobierebis
sferodan. berklis `ideebsa~ da puritanuli Teologiis `eqtipebs~ Soris tolobis niSanis dasmis
SemTxvevaSi, xom ar gamova, rom `ideaTa~ arseboba individualuri cnobierebis mier maT
aRqmaze iqneba damokidebuli? am SemTxvevaSi, isini subieqturni gamodian. SesaZloa meore
variantic: `ideaTa~ arseboba ganpirobebulia obieqturi sulis (RmerTis) mier maT aRqmaze. am
SemTxvevaSi arqetipTa samyaro moeqceva `ideebis~ zemoT, es ki platonur `eidosTa~ samyaroa
yvela misi Tanamdevi atributiT.
jonsonis mixedviT, adamianis cnobierebaSi “ideebi” arseboben cdis pawia agurebis saxiT,
rogorc Semecnebis daumuSavebeli masala, arqetipebi warmoadgenen kompleqsuri codnisa da
SegrZnebaTa kompleqsebis generatorebs.
jonsonis mixedviT, adamamde samyaroSi ar arsebobda gonieri arseba, romelic SesZlebda
gare samyaros damkvirvebeli yofiliyo; samyaro am Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi arqetipis
mdgomareobaSi iyo. es iyo pirvelSobili, gauformebeli, qaoturi mdgomareoba. samyaro, Svidi dRis
ganmavlobaSi, iqmneboda `maradiuli~, `yovlisSemZle~ gonebiT, anu RmerTis mier. igi
“TandaTanobiT avlenda Tavs mSvenier qmnilebad”. winaswar dadgenili arqetipis Sesabamisad
RmerTi ganalagebs `ideebs~ adamianTa cnobierebaSi (sulSi). Tu arseboben Cveni ideebis
arqetipebi, maSasadame arsebobs maT gareT arsebuli sivrce, grZlivoba, forma da moZraoba, rogorc
Cveni ideebis prototipebi. jonsonis mixedviT, sivrce da dro cnobierebis SefardebiTi movlenebia,
obieqturad da absoluturad arseboben: usasruloba da maradiuloba, rogorc RmerTis ucvleli atributebi.
berklianizmis es versia agrZelebs berklis swavlebis `platonizacias~. am xazis gasaZliereblad jonsons
Semohyavs RmerTis absoluturi atributebi.
Elementa philosophica
kiTxvebi da davalebebi:
uyureT films “𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞”- “mZime gansacdeli”. mecadineobaze vimsjeloT amerikel puritanTa
msoflmxedvelobaze. Tqveni azriT, ram gamoiwvia ZiriTad dogmatTa gadaxedvis saWiroeba.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCR4blZtjvc
literatura:
1. Anderson, Paul R. & Fisch, Max H. (1989), Philosophy in America. From the Puritans to
James. D. Appleton-Century Company press.
2. Ellis, Joseph J. (1973), The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of
Connecticut 1696–1772, Yale University Press.
3. Flower, E. and Murphy, M.(1977), History of Philosophy in America. v. I. N.Y.
4. Gerlach, Don R. (2010), Samuel Johnson of Stratford in New England, 1696–
1772. Athens, GA: Anglican Parishes Association Publications.
5. Johnson, Samuel Elementa philosophica: containing chiefly, Noetica, or things relating
to the mind or understanding: and Ethica, or things relating to the moral behavior
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N05418.0001.001?view=toc. Ann Arbor, MI:: Text
Creation Partnership, 2011-05.