sAlD, IBRAHIM A.

PETE-5IOI

t. PLANI oESI6N lS llqFoRfANT AS PART OF fHECURRtCutuM FOR PEfROLEUM ENGIAI€EKIN6 9rU0ENr

EECAUSE 0F lr REQUIRE THEUSE oF N6tNEtRtN6 PRINCIPLES
AND rHEORlgS COMBINED WITH A
pRAcrrcAL (EALIIATION OF tHELrMlTs t)APo5e0 By INOUSTRIAL CoNolTloNS' A SUCCESStuL
PETROLEUM TN6INEER NEtoS lYloRE IHAN AI(NOWL€oGE AND WoERSTANoING
OF rffE FUN0AMENTAL
REACTION l(l^C.rlcs'
SclENctS ANO TH1RELATEO EN6INEE(ruB SUBJECTS 9U0-r AS TI{€KMOOvNAMICS'
ANO COMpUT ekTWHNOLOG(. THE EN6INEER MUST ALSo HAVE rHE ABILITJ ro APPLy THIS
rHAr wlLL
kNawLrDGE fo pRAcr[cAL struATtoNs FoR Tt{E PaRPosE oF ArcoMPLIsHtN6 SOMETHING
BE 6ENEF IEIAT TO SOCIEIY

2. - PRO1aSSFtow OIAGRAMS'
"Fo

MAIU Frr..,li1t.} Ui rt fi i.J

n
F.
LJ t'
f':iti i,] - 1. []
E]tSTlIIAflON
c0Lul u
u L,:-fit{T [:

-rt i l

THg PROCESS TI'W DIAGRAM EXAA4INEs THE STNGLE UNIT OR THE PTANT ITSELT, ANO
tT REPRES€NTS
rHEM (PIPES), HI6HLI6HTS rHE MAIN TOOLS
rHE MAIN EqUtpMENr, THE CONNECTIONS BETWTEN
THE ESSENTIAL SETTIN&S FOR A CORRECT OPERATION
(GQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT9, ANO VALVES), At{O
AND A CORRECT MAfIAGEMENT * THE PLANT ITSELF, AS THE FOLLOWING NOMIAIAL OPERATE
coilDtrIoNs:

FLOW
PR€S5U(E
TEMPERATI,RE
CHEM tcAt- coMposl T loI{
 6FO - BLOCK TLOW OIA6RAMS..

5r RUBBEr(

FLI.L,

IN A BR,IEF 6FD RTPRESEMTS EI{TtRE PROCESg 1N A SIN6tE SHCTT, WHERE 45 IA/ PFO YOU CAN FIt\IO
soME 0ETAILED INFORMATTON LIKE PLANT OPERATlir6 CONDITTONS, pROCErs F|OW,lT USES SyMBOLS
rO REPRESENI ft{€ EqUIPMENT. PqTDS PROVIOE OETAIL INTORMATION WHEN COMPARCD TOAEOVE
TWO 0RAV(1N65- THEy t5E STANoARD I'IOMTNCLATURq srMtsOLS, AND T46 NoMEERS rO Fur.Ly
065CRIBE THE PROCESS,
7HE$€ o-RAWINGS A(€ vERy USEFUT AS rHEy coNvey fHERlGrrT AMCU|{r OF pRO(ESS ltrFORi^ArlOnJ
AS T..fg€DED OURIN6 VARIOIJS STAGES OF BIODI[6, EN6INE€RIN6 OESI6NT PROCURET4ENTI
CONSTRUCTIONT OPERATIIT6 DtcoNt[,llSSIONIN6 PHASES oF rHE pROcEsS,
&
A BFe HAS rHE, AtslLlTI rO REPRESENT lHecoMPLErE pROCESS ONA LITTLEMORE THAI.{ A SII.IGte
STiIIT. IT CONTAINS MATNLY TEXT ENCLOSEO 8Y tsOXEs, INTTRCONNECTING TINES WIrf' FTOW
A(ROWS, IN SOME 6FO9AIA9S TLOW RATES MAY BEMENTTONCO SO {S TO OSSCR,'BE THE'YIATERTAL
EAI.AIIgE OVER TttE ENTIRE PLAUT,
pqID - ptptN6 At'lo tNsTRuMEttTATtON DTA6RA]15.

'.,i
rdi

14
IJ

ru,IDscARRy A LOT OF INFORIT4ATION TO DEFINE Tl{E PROc€ss, oERIvEo FRO^II pFD Ir lS THE tsEsT
WAY OF ACCURATELY DOCUM€NTIN6 TTIE OPERATION OF A PROCESS. PSTIO IAKES THEEOMEPTUAL
ASPECTS OF PFO AND EXPAND TH€I4 EY AODING

r. DErAlrEo SYM60ls.
2. DEr.A(.EOgQUTPMENTilFORMATTON.
3. EQUTPMENT OROER AND pROcESs S€qUENCa
+. PROCES5 AND UTTLITT PIPIN6,
5. PROC€SS FLOW DIRECTION,
6. MAJOR ATIO MINOR BPASS LTIVES.
,1. I.TNE NUM6ER5, PIPE SPECI PIPC SIZE'
8. ISOI,TTION ANO SHUT OFF VAI.YES.
I. INSTRUMENTATTON CONTROLS.
10. TYPES OF 9ROCESS SOMPONENT CONNECTIONS.

A P&10 CAN BE BEST UNDERSTOOO WrrH THe HAJ, OF A |.E6END SHrEr 6ryeN tsy TrfE PSrrD oEvEtOPER,
IEGEND 6HEET CONTATNS INFORMATTON RE6AROING fH€ NOMENCLATIKE, TAG PHII.oSOPHY, SYM6OI.S,
A LOT MORE.
A CONSTRAINTS ARE COTSIOERED tN OEST6NTN6 A PROCESS PLANT ECAUSE IT IS ONE OF T*IE MOST
IMPORTAilT STEP IN STARTING A PROCESS OE5I6N FOR TRANSTATING THE OJSTOMER T{E€O INTO A
OE6[6N BASIS ANO WILLIIIFLUETIICCIHE OESIGN.SUC}I AS:
/ INFoRwTATIoN or{ posgr6tE pRocEssEs Arlo rtrE sysTEM oF ururrs To BE usgo.
{ THE ilArtoNAL, [ocAL oR coMpANy DESIGN gooEs rHAr MUgT tsE FoLrgwgo.
/ oerews oF RAIilMITERTALS TrLAr ARE AvAltABrE
/ **ma*TIoN oN porENrIAL sITFs wHERE THE pLANT Ml6lrr 6E LocATED, tNcLUorNG
CLTM T€ 0ATA,.SEISMIC COIIDITIONS, Ailo INFRA9TRUcTURE AVAIIABILITy.
y' TXTONTNATION ON THE CONDITIONS, AVAITABILI?Y, ANO PRICE OF UTILITY SERVICES SI.,C}I A€
FUR (645r, StEAt,', COOtIr.tG WATER, PROCESS Ar( pROCESS X/ATERT AND EtECTRrCrry, THAT
WITI B€ NEfDGD TO RUN THE PROCESS.

rt. rF I AM 6OtN6 TO 0E5r6N A PROCESS PLANT, 1 WrLL C|,OOSE rO OESI6N A HyOROCARBON PROCESS|NG
PLANT. THIS PLANTS ARE A CI,IAILENGI WTT'.' RESPECI TO COIAPLEIITY AilD SEALEI WTlrcH HAVE
INCREASEoS!6NIFl(eNrLy lN THE LAST oE(A0E. A PiOcESSlt'J6 PtiilT WHtcH 15 fIPtCeUJ Fl,t D
SYSTTMS THAT PROVIOE PLANT ATR, BOIUR FEEO.IVATfR, ELECTRI(AL OTSTRIBUTION, COOLIN6
WATER, NITRO6EN AND ST6Ai^. TTIIS TYP€ OF P€TROLEUM PtAN. EANVERT NATURAL R€SOURCES
SUCH AE ERUDE OIL, NATURAL 6A5, OR,Es ANO MINERALS INTO PRODUCTS FOR A WIOE RA^',68 OF
APPLICArroNS, THEI PROOUCEMANJ IMPORTANT BUTLoING EIOC,(S FOR lr{DU6rRy PROCeSSES
INCLUO t N 6 E TI{YLEA/E, PROPYLSN 6, EUTA DJENE, O A ROMA T IC 5
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