BY ALEX MASIPAG NA QT PA .

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

WEEK 2-LESSON 1- NATURE OF SCIENCE

SCIENCE- Latin- Scientia- knowledge
- study of the natural world; it is a system of acquiring knoledge based on the scientific method.

FIELD OF SCIENCE
1. NATURAL SCIENCES- study natural phenomena (including biological life)
2. SOCIAL SCIENCES - study human behavior and societies

TECHNOLOGY- Greek- Technologia- techne (art, craft, skill) logia (word)

-application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
-involves the design or products, systems, and processes that affect the quality of life
- an applied enterpries concerned with producing appliances, tools, machines, and
techniques
- Products are called Inventions.

INTERCONNECTION BET. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Science explores for the purpose of knowing, while technology explores for the purpose of making
something useful from the knowledge.
Science drives technology by making new technology possible through scientific breakthroughs.

SOCIETY- French- Societe, Origin: Latin- Societas, a friendly association with others, from Socious,
meaning companion, assosciate, comrade or business partner.
- a community or group of people having common traditions, institutions, and interests

STS- study of how social, political, and cultural values affects scienitifc research and technological
innovation
-this course is one of the general ed. subj meaning all students in tertiary lvl should take this course

CHED Memorandum Order No.20

STS is an interdisciplinary course engages students to confront the realities brought about by sts.
the course includes mandatory topics on climate change and environmental awareness

IMPORTANCE OF STS TO STUDENTS

-to understand both the technical and social dimensions of science and technology, helps them become
more thoughtful and better informed citizens of our high- tech society , and develops their critical
interdiscplinary thinking, research, and communication skills.
- students flourish intellectually in an environment where critical questioning is encouraged and
opportunities for research are abundant.

INTERACTION OF STS
SOCIETY > demands more> seeks to improve< SCIENCE> informs> <demands more < TECHNOLOGY >
makes life easier>
benefits from < SOCIETY (2)...
Q AND A:
DIFFERENCE BET. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- SCIENCE study of the natural world to gain knowledge and TECHNOLOGY is the use of that knowledge
for practical purposes

WAY THAT SCIENCE HAS BENEFITED SOCIETY

-more fuel-efficient vehicles
-traveling farther and more easily
-Healthier, longer lives
-space travel

SCIENCE LEADS TO TECHNOLOGY, AND TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO SCIENCE. THE TWO ARE
INTERCONNECTED.

WEEK4- LESSON 2- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

I. PREHISTORIC PERIOD- there was human life before records documented human activity.
The Stone Age
a) Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)- humans lived in caves or simple huts
b) Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)- humans used small stone tools that are polished and sometimes
crafted with points to serve as spears and arrows.
c) Neolithic (New Stone Age)- ancient humans switched from hunter/ gatherer mode to agriculture
and food production.
The Bronze Age- metalworking advances were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered
The Iron Age- discovery of ways to heat and forge iron, advances in architecture, water systems put
into place

In conclusion, the discovery of fire, the used of stone, and metals are the significant in this period but
the most significant is the discovery of the writing system before the end of this era which led the early
historical period.

II. ANCIENT PERIOD

MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION- region in middle east such as iraq, kuwait, turkey and syria
a)Sumerian Civilization- invented the first form of writing which is known as CUNEIFORM.
b)Babylonian Civilization- In astronomy where they showed remarkable talent. They rule that solar
eclipses could only be possible during new moons and lunar eclipses only during full moon.

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION- known for the construction of PYRAMID and other monuments
ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION- gunpowder,paper, woodblock printing, and the compass sometimes
called the Four Great inventions of china.
GREEK CIVILIZATION- invetion of watermills. odometer that measure the distance travelled by a vehicle,
the first alarm clock, basis of Geometry.
-they also started olympic games.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION- they constrtucted arches, roads and highways, aqueducts, concretes, basilica,
amphitheater
- the Roman Numeral System
NOTABLE PHILOSOPHER DURING ANCIENT PERIOD:
1.Archimedes- he founded the sciences of mechanics and hydrostatics.
2.Pythagoras- he made important developments in mathematics, astronomy and the theory of music.
3.Democritus- he formlated the atomic theory of the universe.

III.MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGE- period in european history from the collapse of roman civilization in the 5th
century to the period of the renaissance.
- also known as Age of Faith and Dark Age
- inventions include heavy plough, hourglass, spinning , wheel and
- end of medieval period the printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg

NOTABLE PHILOSOPHER DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD:

1.Roger Bacon- he studied mathematics, astronomy, optics, alchemy and languages.
- he was the first european to describe in detail the process of making gunpowder.
- he proposed flying machines, motorized ships and carriages.
2.Richard of Wallingford- he designed an astronomical clock as well as an equatorium to calculate the
lunar, solar and planetary longitudes, and predict eclipses
3.Paracelsus- he was known for making great advances medicine, botany, and the periodic table of
elements.
- he is the first person to used chemicals instead of herbs in making medicines.
- he was the first scientist to propose the concept of the unconscious.

IV. MODERN ERA-

EARLY MODERN PERIOD
a) Renaissance- it means "rebirth".
- invention of printing press ( The Gutenberg Bible is the first book printed).
- invention of microscope, telescope and the first mechanical clock
b) Scientific Revolution- it was emergence of modern science with developments in mathematics,
physics, astronomy , biology and chemistry.
- invention of many instruments such as the microscope, barometer, and
thermometer.
c) Age of Enlightenment - this grew out of the renaissance, reformation, and the scientific revolution.
- it was an intellectual movement which advocated freedom, democracy and
reason as the primary values of society.
- European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically
reoriented.

NOTABLE PHILOSOPHER DURING EARLY MODERN PERIOD:

1.Evangelista Torricelli- he invented the barometer and whose work in geometry aided in the eventual
development of integral calculus.
2.Michael Faraday- he discovered of electromagnetic induction.
3.Otton von Guericke- he invented the first air pump and used it to study the phenomenon of vacuum
and the role of air in combustion and respiration

THE AGE OF INVENTION- invention of industrial machines to perform the works that human labors have
been performing before.
 - First Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) textile manufacturing and the
innovation of steam engine
- Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) steel production; the automobile and
advances in electricity

NOTABLE PHILOSOPHER DURING AGE OF INVENTION:

1.Nikola Tesla- he known for his development of alternating current electrical system and his most
popular invention was the Tesla Coil.
2.Marie Curie- the discovery of Radium and Polonium, It proved that the atom was not indivisible. She
died because excessive exposure to X-rays .
3.Alexander Fleming- he known for his creation of antibiotic medicines and discovery of the penicillin.

THE TECHNOLOGICAL AGE- The Information Age ( also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age or New
Media Age) in 21st century characterized by the rapid shift from traditional industry that the Industrial
Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information technology.
- Third Industrial Revolution (1950-1970) brought semiconductions;
mainframe computing, personal computing and the internet- Digital Revolution
- Fourth Industrial Revolution - Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, genetic
engineering, quantum computing and the other technologies in the present time.

NOTABLE PHILOSOPHER DURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL AGE:

1.Martin Cooper- he built the first mobile phone and made the first cell phone call. he is also known as
the father of the cellular phone
2.Richard Feynman- his contributions to quantum physics, quantum electrodynamics and particle
physics, as well as quantum computing and nanotechnology.
3.David Baltimore- he researched on reverse trancriptase led to the discovery of retroviruses