Massengale, M., Shebuski, K. M., Karaga, S., Choe, E., Hong, J., Hunter, T. L., & Dispenza, F.

(2020). Psychology of Working Theory With Refugee Persons: Applications for Career

Counseling. Journal of Career Development, 47(5), 592–605.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319832670

Currently in the world today we face a massive threat. At this point in time, the number of

displaced people around the world is at its all-time highest. Many of them have sought refuge

in the United States where they face multiple issues. This article covers those issues and other

career-related barriers in relation to the human psyche. Economic restraints are one problem

refugees face as well as acculturation, and assimilation to a different culture. They have issues

with health care along with other disparities other citizens have no trouble with. I will use this

article to understand the barriers that refugees face and work-related barriers because it is

absolutely essential to know them if I want to understand their struggles and help them.

Bemak, Fred, and Rita Chi‐Ying Chung. “Refugee Trauma: Culturally Responsive Counseling

Interventions.” Journal of counseling and development 95.3 (2017): 299–308. Web.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcad.12144

Multiple human rights issues have arisen causing war and conflict within different countries.

As a result of this, citizens become refugees who then end up facing unique challenges as well

as post-trauma. This article addresses these concerns using a model composed of

psychotherapy, counseling, social justice, as well as human rights. It also covers premigration

PTS as well as postmigration adjustment, so it differentiates their struggles which will help me

to understand and resolve deeper issues.

Multicultural Issues in Counseling : New Approaches to Diversity, edited by Courtland C. Lee,

and Courtland C Lee, American Counseling Association, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/pitt-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1833989.

This book covers a broad spectrum of situations and the differences in counseling for refugees

with different backgrounds. They mention Asian refugees, as well as Arabs and Indians, and

they include other factors like sex, age, and gender. What is of greater importance to me

though is the ethics involved in counseling these individuals. 5 duties are stated and should be

followed during the procedure. In autonomy, counselors encourage clients to put their beliefs

into action. Nonmaleficence, No harm to others or self should be committed or encouraged.

Beneficence, Counselors should put a great effort into improving the client's life through good

and helpful service. Justice, the idea of fairness. Lastly, fidelity, which is to be trustworthy and

loyal to the client. These duties and the other concepts of ethics in refugee counseling will help

me determine issues while maintaining a healthy relationship with the client.

June Allan, Reconciling the ‘Psycho-Social/Structural’ in Social Work Counselling with

Refugees, The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 45, Issue 6, September 2015, Pages

1699–1716, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu051

Refugees face many inequalities and we must understand how this affects their life and if it has

any psychological impacts. This article covers what these inequalities pertain to as well as the

discrimination and racism they face in society today. I want to fully understand this viewpoint

as well as the multitude of other perspectives that come with being a refugee. The author uses

his own psychological models and the Australian, Trauma/recovery models to determine

interpersonal relationships as well as mental issues these people may have. This may come into

great importance later if I am trying to solve issues with a client when I have little to no
 information on them.

Bartholomew, T. T., Gundel, B. E., Kang, E., Joy, E. E., Maldonado-Aguiñiga, S., Robbins, K.

A., & Li, H. (2021). Integrating Cultural Beliefs About Illness in Counseling With Refugees:

A Phenomenological Study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 52(8–9), 705–725.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211038374

A study is taken which suggests that people who have refugee status are more likely to have

psychiatric symptoms. Following this study, researchers have studied the exact reasons and

causes within society that may lead to these results. They study stigmas/expectations, centering

diverse explanations of distress, shifting the work to connect, and lastly a language barrier

along with disparities in opportunity. These themes are important to understand and they have

been used frequently by clinicians and foundations. If I had a broader understanding of these

factors it may positively influence my ability to understand and provide for these mistreated

individuals.

Gerrard, Brian A, Erwin D Selimos, and Stephaney S Morrison. School-Based Family

Counseling with Refugees and Immigrants. Milton: Taylor and Francis, 2022. Web.

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003097891/school-based-family-

counseling-refugees-immigrants-brian-gerrard-stephaney-morrison-erwin-selimos

This book focuses on helping younger refugees assimilate into schools in the United States.

There are multiple social issues that arise in the school environment that are not so different

from the flaws in adult society. These issues are extremely detrimental to young adults and

children because their psyche is still developing. A large number of refugees are children and

many young kids face these problems so it is just as important or even of greater importance to
 resolve these problems because they are children who will build the future in our society. That

is why I will use this resource and it is why it is so important for me to understand.

Stiles DA, Alaraudanjoki E, Wilkinson LR, Ritchie KL, Brown KA. Researching the

Effectiveness of Tree of Life: an Imbeleko Approach to Counseling Refugee Youth. J Child

Adolesc Trauma. 2019 Sep 9;14(1):123-139. doi: 10.1007/s40653-019-00286-w. PMID:

33708288; PMCID: PMC7900289.

This article takes the same approach as the previous citation because it focuses on the stigmas

associated with younger refugees and how they cope with such issues. It's different in its

approach because clinical trials and counseling take place outside of the school environment.

Though many of these issues arise in the school environment other issues are still prominent

within the society that these kids live in. They are also part of a community of other non-

refugee peers who may or may not discriminate against them. That is why it is important to

understand these racial inequities so we can begin to help and better the youth while in turn

benefiting society. Refugees are people like us who contribute and understanding these

interpersonal relationships will not only expand my appreciation for those individuals but it

will also allow me to counsel them.