UNIDAD 2

CENTROIDS AND
THE CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
 Specific Objectives: Calculate and evaluate
the position of the ship´s centre of
gravity with respect to the keel.
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
 Topics
A. Forces and moments.
B. Effect of shifting a weight already on
board
C. Effect of loading a weight
D. Effect of discharging a weight
E. Effect of suspended weight
F. Final KG
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
A. Force and moments:
Forces: A forcé can be defined as any push
or pull exerted on a body.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
Centroids.

The centroid of an
area is situated at its
geometrical centre.
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
Centre of Gravity: the centre
of gravity of a body is the point
at which all the mass of the
body may be assumed to be
concentrated and is the point
through which the force of
gravity is considered to act
vertically downwards, with a
force equal to the weight of
the body. It is also the point
about which the body would
balance.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
Consider now the effect
of the centre of gravity of
a body when the
distribution of the mass
inside of the body change.
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY KG : ES LA DISTANCIA DE
LA QUILLA AL CENTRO DE
B. Transfer Effect: GRAVEDAD.

(Vertical Transfer). KG final = KG + GG´

The centre of gravity + Si se mueve Hacia Arriba

- Si se mueve Hacia Abajo
move with the cargo.
weight
GG´= (w)(d)
W
(desplacement)
d= distance to which the cargo
is moved.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
B. Transfer Effect: (Vertical Transfer 1: The vessel
has displacement of 2400 ton and KG = 10,8
m. Find the new KG if a weight of 50 ton mass
already on board is raised 12m vertically.
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
B.Transfer Effect: (Vertical Transfer).
Ejemplo II: 10 ton of cargo were raised 3m
vertically. The ship has a desplacement of 3500
ton and an initial KG of 6 m. Find the new high
of the centre of gravity between the keel. KG
final?
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
B. Horizontal transfer effect
The Horizontal transfer of a
weight no matter where it is GG´= (w)(d)
on board will always cause W
the center of gravity to move
in the same direction as the
weight transferred.

NOTA: A transferred weight

causes the center of gravity
to be move outof the fore
and aft line thus reducing the
estability of the vessel.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
 CENTROIDES Y CENTRO DE
GRAVEDAD
B. Transffered effect: (Horizontal transfer
effect).
A 50tn load is moved 10m to starboard. The
displacement of the ship is 32000tn. Calculate
the change in the centre of gravity.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY GG´ = _(w) (d)
W+w
C. Loading effect.
When a mass is added d = KG – kg o´
d = kg – KG
to a body, the center of
gravity of that body will KG´ = KG + GG´
move directly towards
the center of gravity of
the mass added and the
distance that it moves,
will be given by the
formula:
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
C. Load Effect. (vertical) GG´ = _(w) (d)
Example I: A mass of 30 W+w
tonnes is added at a
position of 10 m on the d = KG – kg o´
keel. The initial KG of the d = kg – KG
ship is of 6 meters and its
KG´ = KG + GG´
Initial displacement is of
3500 tons. Find the new
height of the center of
gravity with respect to the
keel?
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
GG´ = _(w) (d)
C. Load Effect. W+w
Example II: A ship of 6000
d = KG – kg o´
tons of displacement, has a d = kg – KG
distance of the center of
gravity with respect to the KG´ = KG + GG´
keel of 6m. If a mass of
100 ton is loaded, it must
be placed in the lower
part of the hold which is
0.5 m from the keel;
Calculate the final KG of
the vessel.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
C. Load Effect. GG´ = _(w) (d)
(Horizontal). W+w
When you add a weight out
of the center line, the
center of gravity of the
vessel will move off of the
fore and aft line, producing a
list.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY

dist= Is the distance from the center of gravity of the

mass, to the center line or crevice line
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
C. Load Effect. GG´ = _(w) (d)
(Horizontal). W+w
Example I.
A load of 50 tonnes is
added in one of the stems
to 10 m to starboard of
the line of cradle. The
initial displacement of that
vessel is 48000 tonnes.
What is the change in the
Center of Gravity?
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
PROBLEMS OF PRACTICE: Effect of cargo
transfer and Load Effect.
EXAMPLE#1: A ship has a displacement of
5076 tonnes and a KG = 9,5 m. Find the final
KG if a mass of 85 ton, which was already on
board is transferred 12 m vertically
downwards.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
PROBLEMS OF PRACTICE: Effect of cargo
transfer and Load Effect.

2. A load of 45 tons is changed 8 m to the

port side of the ship. The displacement of
the ship is 56000 Tons. What is the change
in the center of gravity? GG '.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
PROBLEMS OF PRACTICE: Effect of cargo
transfer and Load Effect.
3. A 30 tonnes Container is loaded 8 m
above the keel. The ship has a displacement
of 35000 tonnes and a distance from the
center of gravity to the keel of 6 m. Find
the distance from the keel to the vessel's
new center of gravity.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
C. Discharge Effect.
GG´ = _(w) (d)
(Vertical) W-w
When a mass is withdrawn
from a body, the center of
gravity of the body will move
in the opposite direction to
the center of gravity of the
mass withdrawn, and the
distance that moves will be
given by the formula:
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
D. Discharge Effect. (Vertical)
Where GG 'is the change in
the center of gravity of the
body, w is the mass removed,
and d is the distance between
the center of gravity of the
mass discharged and the
center of gravity of the body.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY D. Discharge effec (Vertical)
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
D. Discharge Effect. (Vertical)
GG´ = _(w) (d)
Example 1: A ship of 6,000
W–w
tons of displacement carries a
load of 340 tons, on the main
KG´ = KG + GG´
deck that is 10 meters above
the keel. This charge is to be
discharged to the pier. Find
the distance of the new center
of gravity from the ship with
respect to the keel after the
load is discharged if the ship
has an initial KG of 7.5
meters.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
D. Discharge Effect. (Vertical)
GG´ = _(w) (d)
Example 2: A ship of 5000 tons W–w
of displacement carries a load
of 200 tons, in the last deck KG´ = KG + GG´
that is located 3 meters on
the keel. This charge is to be
discharged to the pier. Find
the distance of the new center
of gravity from the ship with
respect to the keel after the
load is discharged if the ship
has an initial KG of 7 meters.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
D. Discharge Effect. GG´ = _(w) (d)
(Horizontal). W -w
A cargo of 50 tons, which
was located in one of the
ship's aisles 10 meters to
starboard side of the fore
and aft line , is removed
from the ship. The initial
displacement of that
vessel is 48000 tonnes.
What is the change in the
Center of Gravity?
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
E. Suspended weight When a weight is
effect. suspended, its
center of gravity is
For a suspended weight, considered to be at
if the vessel is upright or the point of
inclined, the point by suspension.
which the force of
gravity can be
considered to act
vertically downwards is
g´, which we call the
Suspension Point.
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
 Transfer GG´ = _(w) (d)
W

d = Kg´- Kg

KG´ = KG + GG´
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
E. Suspended weight effect.
Example 1: A ship of 2000
tons of displacement has a
KG of 4.5 meters. A load of
20 tons of dough is in the
lower hold and has Kg of 2
meters. This weight is then
lifted on top of the tank by a
crane whose head is 14
meters above the keel. Find
the new KG of the ship.
Transfer
 CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
E. Loading and Discharging
GG´ = _(w) (d)
W+w

d = Kg´- KG

KG´ = KG + GG´
CENTROIS AND CENTRE OF
GRAVITY
 A vessel of 1175 m³ which was in a quay
with water of density 1.009tn/m³ loads a
mass of 210tn by a crane of the ship
whose head is 10.67m of the keel and is
placed in the bottom of the warehouse to
1 meter on the keel and is suspended
20cm from it. Calculate the new KG if the
ship has a KG = 5.07m.