PLANNING 2 REVIEWER

NOTE:
(CHAPTER I&II)
▪ These visionary pursuits changed
after World War II where Great

Prepared By: JEAN-YVES L. TRONCO

INTRODUCTION Depression happened.

▪ Art of Community Design was
abandoned latter half of 20th century
(mid 1500s and mid 1940s)
▪ Took 450 years to develop
▪ LAWS OF THE INDIES
- A preconceived notion of a place that
would be the center of community
life
- Shaped American towns
- Guided Spaniard
▪ Three Main Buildings in Laws of
Indies
1. Plaza
2. The Church
3. Government Building
▪ THE ORDERING OF TOWN
- Gave New England Towns Model
▪ After the war, it was a time of New
Optimism.
▪ NEW OPTIMISM
- Lead people to move into less
crowded areas at the urban fringe.
▪ SPRAWL
- As people move away from cities,
demand in low density and privacy
increased caused sprawling.
▪ LAISSEZ-FAIRE ATTITUDE
- This caused sprawling as people
opposes interference by government
NOTE:
▪ Public was made aware of the
environmental concerns and growth
controls became formidable
challenges to planners.

- Laid out lands in boundaries ▪ Garden Cities, New Towns, and

allocated to town Romantic Suburbs were considered as
New Growth and Development during
- It is where citizens live in boundaries
their time. However, in this present
of municipal corporation
time, PUDs are its counterpart.

▪ TOWN-CENTERS
▪ MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
- Are built-up populated place
- Planned Unit Developments (PUDs)

▪ HOW COMMUNITY DESIGN - Preserve open space for recreation

DEVELOPED AND IMPROVED?
1. Grand Idea of a Citizen
2. Government Sponsorship
NOTE:
▪ As the nations grew and brought
industrial revolution, Utopian Design
came.
▪ UTOPIAN DESIGNS
1. Garden City Concept
2. The Industrialist New Town Model
3. Romantic Suburbs
and environmentally sensitive areas.
▪ TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD
DEVELOPMENTS (TNDs)
- Pre-dominant before World War II
- 5-minute walk from the center
- Goal is to reduce the need for the
automobile by centralizing life’s
necessities within walking distance of
housing.
 CHAPTER I
Community Design
▪ COMMUNITY DESIGN
- Is the art of making sustainable living
places that both thrive and adapt to
people’s needs for shelter, livelihood,
commerce, recreation and social
order
- Predetermined intention rather than
haphazard coincidence.
- Simply about creating a better place
▪ LAWS OF THE INDIES
- Described a self-sustaining
community of containing a grid of
streets with a rectangular plaza.
- Mission Church on the other end and
Government Building on the other
while, Agricultural Fields on outlying
spaces
▪ MEDIEVAL LANDSCHAFT
- English settlers of the Northeast
- Concentric agricultural fields
surrounding a group of houses
clustered around a religious icon
▪ WHY DESIGN COMMUNITY?
- Response to external force
- Change and adapt to societal
evolution
▪ GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
- Created by Ebenezer Howard
- embodies the original development
of the suburbs
- consisted of the culture and services
of the city combined with the
soothing environs of trees and ponds
of the countryside.
▪ EBENEZER HOWARD
- A British urban planner
▪ MISCONCEPTIONS ON COMMUNITY
Prepared By: JEAN-YVES L. TRONCO
1. A random accumulation of parts
loosely tied together by roads
2. a homogenous glut of single-use
interchangeable pods
3. Be thought of as an alliance of
special-interest groups
▪ MERRIAM-WEBSTER’S DEFINITION
OF COMMUNITY
- an interacting population of various
kinds of individuals (as species) in a
common location
▪ BARBARA PHILIPS & RICHARD
LEGATES DEFINITION OF
COMMUNITY
- On their book “CITY LIGHTS: An
Introduction to Urban Studies”,
community has no agreed-upon
meaning rather;
- A group sharing a physical space
- A group sharing a common trait
- A group bound together by shared
identity and common culture and
typified by high degree of social
cohesion
▪ NEIGHBORHOOD
- A section lived in by neighbors and
usually having distinguishable
characteristics
▪ CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY
1. A sense of belonging
2. A way of life
3. Diversity with a common purpose
NOTE:
▪ Begin again to think of communities in
terms of human scale rather than
automobile scale
▪ GEORGE TOBEY
- He states that we need to establish
goals that guide our planning efforts.
▪ THE IMAGE OF THE CITY 2. HIERARCHY
- Created by Kevin Andrew Lynch - Gradation of design features

Prepared By: JEAN-YVES L. TRONCO

▪ KEVIN ANDREW LYNCH - Utilizing a variety of sizes of spaces
- January 7, 1918 to April 25, 1984 or outdoor rooms creates variety in
landscape and clearly delineate the
- An American Urban Planner and more important rooms for minor
Author areas.
- Known for Mental Mapping
3. TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS
- Join Adjacent Spaces
▪ 5 PHYSICAL STANDPOINT
- Overlap areas that exhibit
1. PATHS
characteristics of both or all of the
- Corridors of movement
spaces that meet in a certain
- Form-giving element location.

- Lifelines along which the majority of 4. DOMINANT FEATURES

activity takes place - Create Contrast

2. EDGES - Adds effectiveness and completeness

- Linear elements that are boundaries
- Focal point that gives purpose
between two kinds of districts
- Creates unity within the space
- Strong organizing element

5. SENSE OF ENCLOSURE
3. DISTRICTS
- Formed by the careful manipulation
- Buildings or structures share certain
of the ground plane, the overhead
recognizable commonalities and
plane and the vertical or wall plan
characteristics

- Used to help mentally organize the ▪ THE SPATIAL COMPONENTS

layout of a city or town
1. CIRCULATION
- Enriching a static space, making it
4. NODES
alive and fluid with ever changing
- Specific points in a community that
experiences.
have a recognition value

- Often serve as the center or core of 1. OPEN SPACE

a district - Void zone between vertical elements.

- Positive if productive, planned and

5. LANDMARKS
functionally supportive.
- Perceived as a single element, either
structural or natural. - Negative if wasted unstructured, and
deleterious
- Reference points

2. STRUCTURES
▪ TOOLS OF COMMUNITY DESIGNER
- Manufactured forms in which we live
1. AXIAL DESIGN
- Height of buildings with respect to
- Serves to connect two or more
the associated open space is pivotal
feature or terminal points.
in reinforcing a sense of enclosure.
- Strong visual and very powerful
space articulator.
 CHAPTER II ▪ SITE PLAN ORDINACES
- The set of guidelines that must be
Where Community Design Begin

Prepared By: JEAN-YVES L. TRONCO

adhered to in order to obtain a
▪ Community Design Begins from context building permit.
of:
- Related directly to the zoning
1. History
ordinance in that it establishes the
2. Future
construction specifications

NOTE:
▪ THE MAPS
▪ We must know where to look for
1. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
information in order to understand the
- Identify all major high points and low
context
points as spot elevations.

▪ CITY AND TOWN - Provide accurate source of data

- Primary source of pertinent without incurring of a full-scale
community information physical survey.

▪ COMPREHENSIVE PLANS - Municipal Surveyor’s Office

- Necessary to establish a formal
statement of development & 2. PLANIMETRIC MAPS
planning policy - Shows the accurate placement of lot
lines and physical feature
- The plan may break down the city or
country into planning zone - Provide an accurate representation
of the physical objects in the
NOTE: landscape
▪ Growth can consume valuable land
resources and destroy irreplaceable - Mapping department of a
natural treasures city/municipality.

▪ Suburban sprawl or uncontrolled 3. TAX MAPS

development is a political issue. - Shows the lot boundaries and their
approximate area.
▪ ZONING ORDINANCES
- Classification of land-use types that - Include the name of the owner and
establishes a range of permissible the estimated value of the property
development options for a piece of - City Assessor’s Office
property
4. SANITARY SEWER MAPS
▪ ZONING MAPS - Source of information when
- Helpful in pinpointing appropriately contemplating requirements for
sized parcels an intended land use proposed growth
- Determining which parcels could be - City Engineer’s Office or Public
considered for a change of zoning to Utilities Department
allow a different and more intense
use 5. WATER MAPS
- Show the location and size of all
▪ SUBDIVISION ORDINANCES water lines, valves, and fire hydrants
- Establishes regulations that govern
how parcels of land are subdivided - They help to determine the
and developed availability of water and the cost of
providing it to a site