FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT – 3RD QUARTER TOPICS

Coverage:
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
Solutions
Concentration Units
Colligative Properties
Chemical Kinetics
The Rate Law and Reaction Orders
Chemical Equilibrium
Le Chatelier’s Principle

Instructions:
Fill in the blank, or supplement with the complete answer (with unit).

Submission:
Submit and upload as a PDF file saved using the format: SURNAME,FIRST_FA3

Deadline:
February 24, 2021 (11:59 PM)

WHEN APPLICABLE, TYPE YOUR FINAL ANSWER ON THE SPACE PROVDIED BEFORE
EACH ITEM. IF NOT, OCCUPY THE SPACE AFTER THE QUESTION.

_Saturated_ (1) The solubility of NaCl in water at 0ᵒC is 35.7 g per 100 mL of water. A solution
containing 406.8 g of dissolved NaCl in 1139.5 mL of water at 0ᵒC is at which state? Describe
the type of solution based on its saturation.

Decreases the vapor pressure. Solvent evaporation will be reduced. The vapor pressure
lowers as non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent, which has an impact on how
pure solvent crystals form. (2) What happens to a pure solvent when you add significant
amounts of a non-volatile solute? Explain the different properties affected by this change in the
solute amount.

__0.2 L__(3) What volume of 0.25 M NaOH contains 0.050 mols NaOH?

_340 mL_ (4) A commercial bleaching solution contains 13.6% (v/v) of sodium hypochlorite,
NaOCl. What is the volume of NaOCl in a bottle containing 2.50 L of bleaching solution?

0.474 mol/L (5) A solution with a density of 0.876 g/mL contains 25 g of toluene, C7H8 (92
g/mol) and 450 g of benzene, C6H6 (78 g/mol). Calculate the molar concentration of the solution.

_30.43%_ (6) A solution was prepared by dissolving 35.0 mL of methanol in sufficient water to
give a total volume of 115.0mL. Compute for the percent by volume (%v/v) of the said solution.

__0.7917_(7) In how many grams of water should 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (KNO3) be
dissolved to prepare a 0.1982 m solution? 

__-1.03__ (8) What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6)
in 100.g of H2O? Kf for water is 1.86 C/m. 

_-1.16°C_ (9) Calculate the freezing point of a solution made from 22.0 g of octane (C8H18)
dissolved in 148.0 g of benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50C and its Kf value is 5.12C/m. 

_100.63°C (10) What is the boiling point of a solution of 12.0 g of urea (CH4N2O) in 165.0 g of
water? (Kb (H2O) = 0.52 C/m).

_ 14.23%_ (11) A 5.17 molal aqueous nitric acid solution was prepared. (Density of nitric acid =
1.51 g/mL, density of water = 1.0 g/mL, and the MW of nitric acid = 63 g/mol)What is the
concentration (%v/v) of the solution?

_11.2 atm_ (12) What is the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 13.7 g of propyl
alcohol (C3H7OH) dissolved in enough water to make 500. mL of solution at 27C? 
_1.61 M__ (13) A 9.50 % by mass solution of acetone (C3H6O) in water has a density of 0.9849
g/mL at 20C. What is the molarity of this solution? 

_16.6 mol/kg_ (14) The mole fraction of NaCl in an aqueous solution of NaCl is 0.23. What is
the molality of the solution?

(15) Draw and explain a Phase Diagram of water as pure solvent, and saline solution as
solvent with non-volatile solute. Determine the following points: Triple point, Boiling and
Freezing points at sea level, Delta Tb, and Delta Tf.

(16) Explain the Collision Theory.

The particles that are reacting with one another must collide for a chemical reaction to
take place. To produce a product, reactants must collide. The rate of the reaction
depends on the frequency of collisions.

(17) Draw and explain a reaction progress diagram.

A potential energy diagram, also known as a reaction progress curve, is a visual

representation of the energy changes that take place during a chemical reaction. A
diagram of potential energy illustrates how a system's potential energy changes as
reactants are changed into products. Diagrams of fundamental potential energy are
shown in the image below. For endothermic, time is plotted along the horizontal axis,
while the potential energy of the reaction is plotted along the vertical axis. The energy
shift as the reaction goes from reactants to products is depicted in this graph. But if the
reactants are higher up the y – axis, then the reaction is called exothermic.

(18) How do catalysts work?

Catalysts are chemicals that quicken chemical reactions without experiencing any long-
term chemical changes. They function by offering a different route for the reaction to
take place with lower activation energy, which is the minimal amount of energy needed
for a reaction to occur.

(19) What are the factors affecting reaction rates?

There are five factors affecting the reaction rates which are:
1. Temperature: An increase in temperature causes an increase in the rate of
reaction.
2. Concentration of reactants: The rate of the reaction increases as the
concentration of the reactants rises.
3. Catalysts: By providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy,
catalysts can speed up a reaction.
4. Surface area: An increase in the reactants' surface area causes the
response timeframe.
5. Presence of inhibitors: Substances that function as inhibitors can slow down a
reaction.
6. Pressure: Changes in pressure only impact the speed of gaseous processes. A
rise in pressure causes the gas molecules to become more concentrated, which
increases their frequency of collisions, which increases the likelihood that a
collision will be successful.

(20) Express the rate of reaction given the equation: 4NH3 + 7O2 → 4NO2 + 6H2O

∆ [ NH 3 ] ∆ [ O2 ] ∆ [ NO2 ] ∆ [ H2 O]
RateNH3 = −1 = RateO2 = −1 = RateNO2 = 1 = RateNO2 = 1
4 ∆t 7 ∆t 4 ∆t 6 ∆t

__64__ (21) The gas phase reaction A + B → C has a rate law which is 2nd order in A and 1st
order in B. By what factor will the rate increase if the concentration of A and B are both
quadrupled?
__ 64__ (22) The gas phase reaction A + B → C has a rate law which is 2nd order in A and 1st
order in B. By what factor will the rate increase if the concentration of A and B are both
quadrupled?

_x=1 and y=1, 2 is the overall order_ (23) Consider the following rate law expression: rate =
k[M][N]. What is the reactant order of each substance? What is the overall order of the
reaction?

(24) Explain reactant and reaction overall orders. Give a sample problem in determining the two
providing your own data and solutions and computations.

(25) Describe and differentiate Rate Expression from Equilibrium Expression.

The equilibrium expression defines the position of a chemical reaction at equilibrium and
how it depends on the concentrations of reactants and products, while the rate
expression discusses the pace of a chemical reaction and how it changes with the
concentration of reactants.

(26) Define half-life in 1st order reactions and give a sample problem with solution and final
answer.

Reactant side (27) Where does the equilibrium lie or which side is favored given a reaction at
equilibrium where Kc = 8.79 x 10-6?

¿ (28) What is the equilibrium-constant expression for the reaction: Ti (s) + 2Cl2 (g) TiCl4
(l)?

Remain constant (29) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2
SO3 (g) ΔH° = -99 kJ. What happens to the equilibrium shift?

Le Chatelier's Principle, a cornerstone idea in chemistry, outlines how an equilibrium

system reacts to changes in its surroundings. It claims that when an equilibrium system
is put under stress or undergoes a change, it will adjust its position to reduce the stress
and restore equilibrium. When circumstances like temperature, pressure, or
concentration vary, a reaction's response can be predicted using this approach. (30)
Explain, in depth, the Le Chatelier’s Principle.