Most used questionnaires for ADHD

 Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S\L) by C. Keith Conners, PhD, Drew Erhardt, PhD & Elizabeth Sparrow, PhD, 1999.
2002 Multi-Health Systems Inc. – The CAARS can be completed and automatically scored online. Short version is 26 questions – approx. 10 minutes
answering.
https://www.hogrefe.com/uk/shop/technical-manual.html
Aftermath: The CAARS-S calculates its results by using a numerical rating scale to rate the degree of each symptom. Each rating is then converted to a
score, which is used to calculate a percentile rank for each subscale. The percentile ranks are then combined to create a total score, which can be used to
determine the presence or absence of ADHD symptoms.
 The Norwegian Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k, WURS-25), 2001 – has paper version and online version.
Original source: Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW. The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1993; 150(6):885-90.
25 item version (WURS-25) is a self-report instrument that is designed to retrospectively evaluate the presence and severity of childhood symptoms of
ADHD in adults (18+; Ward et al., 1993).
https://novopsych.com.au/assessments/diagnosis/wender-utah-rating-scale-25-item-version-wurs-25/
Paper example - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/depts.washington.edu/psychres/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/
wenderutah_scale.pdf
Online example - https://www.mdapp.co/wender-utah-adhd-rating-scale-calculator-182/
Aftermath: The WURS consists of two parts, the first being a series of questions about how a person acts, thinks and behaves. The second part
consists of a rating scale for the person to assess how often they experience different symptoms associated with ADHD. The results of the WURS are
calculated by summing up the scores for each question and rating scale, and comparing these to established cutoff scores to determine whether a
person meets the criteria for ADHD.
 Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA), J.J.S. Kooij, MD, PhD & M.H. Francken, MSc 2010, DIVA Foundation, The Netherlands. Comparing
adult traits to childhood traits. https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/resources/ADHD-Screening-Test-Adult.pdf
Aftermath: The sum score is based on the total number of symptoms ranging from 0 to 9, where higher scores indicate more ADHD symptoms
  NICHQ Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, By National institute for Children's Health Quality, American academy od Pediatrics & Mcniel. Parents's
Questionnaire. Example - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/www.nichq.org/sites/default/files/resource-file/NICHQ-Vanderbilt-
Assessment-Scales.pdf
Aftermath: For each item, or behavior, you note the frequency from not at all to very much. These responses are ranked on a scale of 0 to 3. Once you add
up the scores for each section, you divide the number by 9 to determine an average. On the Snap-IV scale, teachers can rate a child who scores above 2.56 as
inattentive.
 ASRS - World Health Organization 2013.
The Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS™) provides the first nationally standardized, norm-referenced ASD Rating Scale.  If your patients score 24
points or more on either Part A or Part B, they are highly likely to have ADHD in adulthood. If your patients score between 17-23 points, they are likely to
have ADHD. If your patients score 0-17 points, they are not likely to have ADHD in adulthood.
Hebrew example - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/ftpdir/adhd/18Q_Hebrew_final.pdf
English example - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://add.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/adhd-questionnaire-ASRS111.pdf
Aftermath: For a client's symptoms to be considered consistent with an ADHD diagnosis, they require 4 or more responses in the criterion boxes of Part A
(the first 6 questions) of the ASRS.

‫😊מיצוב של שאלונים אלה‬

Most of reviews are specific to a certain country, therefore examples cultures differentiation. In addition to that, Most of the
questionnaires are used world-wide (CAARS, WURS, ASRS), some are more popular in Europe (DIVA) and some are practically used in
the USA (NICHQ Vanderbilt Assessment Scale).

Name of scholars Article's subject Compering to Conclusion

A review of German
researchers: Hirsch, Hauschild,
Schmidt, Baum, &
Christiansen, 2013
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
in adults can be measured online, but the results
may not be as reliable as in paper-based
assessments.They examined the consequences of
this experiment for the respondents in terms of
average age, tendency to education, average grade,
The experiment included a questionnaire that the
researchers put together for the German
population, inspired by the popular questionnaires;
CAARS-S, WURS-k.
Data from Web-based administration of ADHD
questionnaires should not be used for the
extraction of population norms. Separate norms
should be established for ADHD online
questionnaires. General psychometric properties
of ADHD questionnaires (factor structure,
 and internal consistency. internal consistency) were largely unaffected by
sampling bias. Extended validity studies of
existing ADHD questionnaires should be
performed by including subjects with a diagnosis
of ADHD and by randomizing them to Web- or
paper-based administration.

InfinityX - Creating a short version

Most questionnaires give a certain score for each question (weights) and thus upon reaching a certain amount of points the diagnosis of
ADHD recurrence is determined. Divide into several levels - low, medium, high (possibly more) and score accordingly. There should be an
ADHD index to understand where the respondent is on the scale. When knowing whether the individual is suffering from mild ADHD, or
complex ADHD, it will be possible to respond to his strengths with improved efficiency.

 Characteristics of attention problems at the normal level:

Lack of concentration/memory problems

Hyperactivity/restlessness
Impulsivity\difficulty dealing with emotions

Difficulty making social connections

 Characteristics of severe attention problems:

Floating - tendency to forget, disconnection from the situation, lack of understanding of what is happening around him.

Energy burst - a wave of energy that carries with it a certain action such as sports, cleanliness, order, etc.

Recall - trying to remember casual tasks, like - what did I plan to do today? where are the keys? Did I write on a task note, and where did I
put it?

Hyper focus - a new subject that concentrates the person very much for several days in particular, while ignoring everything else. After that,
the focus is declined.

Stagnation - multitasking causes confusion and stagnation.

Questionnaire for parents (Questions are taken from NICHQ):

Total index – 54. No ADHD – (0-18) Mild ADHD – (18-36) Severe ADHD – (36-54)

Very often - 3 Often - 2 Occasionally - 1 Never - 0 Symptoms

1.Has difficulty keeping
attention to what needs to
be done
2.Does not seem to listen
when spoken to directly
3. Is easily distracted by
noises or other stimuli
4. Is forgetful in daily
activities
5. Is “on the go”or often
acts as if“driven by a
motor”
6. Talks too much
7. Has difficulty waiting
his or her turn
8. Loses temper
9. Lies to get out of
trouble or to avoid
obligations
(ie,“cons”others)
10. Blames others for his
or her mistakes or
misbehaviors
11. Deliberately annoys
people
12. Actively defies or
refuses to go along with
adults requests or rules
13. Does not follow
through when given
directions and fails to
finish activities (not due
to refusal or failure to
understand)
14. Is touchy or easily
annoyed by others
15. Fidgets with hands or
feet or squirms in seat
16. Has difficulty playing
or engaging in leisure
 activities quietly
17. Is afraid to try new
things for fear of making
mistakes
18. Blurts out answers
before questions have
been completed
ADHD Index

Does the child have other diagnose? Please specify. ________

Questionnaire for adults (Questions are taken from DIVA 2.0):

Total index – 54. No ADHD – (0-18) Mild ADHD – (18-36) Severe ADHD – (36-54)

Very often - 3 Often - 2 Occasionally - 1 Never - 0 Symptoms

1. Not able to keep
attention on tasks for long
2. Quickly becomes bored
with things
3. Being impatient
4. Does things that are
muddled up together
without completing them
5. Difficulty with
planning activities of
daily life
6. Often postpone boring
or difficult tasks
7. Difficulty shutting off
from external stimuli
8. Difficulty sitting still
 9. Forgets appointments
or other obligations
10. Not giving others
room to interject during a
conversation
11. Giving people
answers before they have
finished speaking
12. Able to control
restlessness, but feels
stressed as a result
13. Quickly starting
relationships/jobs, or
ending/leaving these
because of impatience
14. Being quick to
interfere with others
15. Limited impairment
through compensation of
high IQ
16. Difficulty maintaining
social contacts
17. Tire quickly of
hobbies
18. Fear of failure in
terms of starting new
things
ADHD Index

Does the child have other diagnose? Please specify. ________

 ‫ נוסיף ונשווה לבדיקות הגנטיות‬,‫ אח"כ נכין גרסה סופית‬,‫***לבדוק‬

Bibliography

Hirsch, O., Hauschild, F., Schmidt, M. H., Baum, E., & Christiansen, H. (2013). Comparison of Web-Based and Paper-Based Administration of

ADHD Questionnaires for Adults. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(3), e47. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2225