Infancy

& Toddlers
Lesson 2
Lesson
Objectives
Compare and contrast the growth patterns
of physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional
development of infants and toddlers; and
Illustrate through schematic diagram of
strategies to support development of
infants and toddlers.
INTRODUCTION
INFANCY:
Describe as the first year of child's
life after birth.
NEWBORN is the common term to
refer to an infant that has very large
head. Arms and legs are short.The
shoulder and hips are narrow.
In infancy stage, the baby doubles
in length and triples in weight.
INTRODUCTION
TODDLER:
Toddler refers to children between
1-3 years old.
They call it toddler because most children
in this age begins to walk or toddle.
Toddlers learn many words and they start
putting together to create simple
sentence.
The first words from toddlers are " mama"
or "dada".
The principle that
defines GROWTH
Cephalocaudal
Refers to top to bottom growth or head to
tail.
Proximodistal
Refers to center to outside or inner body to the
extremities growth pattern

The height, weight, brain size, cognition, and motor

skills changes as an infant gets
older.
 Development of Infant and
Toddler
WEIGHT & HEIGHT

It can aid in the detection of overweight and

underweight individuals especially in infants and
toddlers, as well as short height and slowed growth due
to underlying medical issues. It might also give you a
sense of normalcy.
 Development of Infant and Toddler
WEIGHT & HEIGHT

INFANT TODDLER
1-2 years old children’s average
Newborn increases height by 30 height is about 3-5 inches.
percent

in the first five months. 2-5 years old children’s average

height is about 3 inches.

Normally drop 5 to 10 percent of 1-2 years old children gain an

bodyweight for a couple of weeks. average of 1.4-2.3 kg.

They rapidly grow once they get the grip 2-5 years old children gain an
of sucking, digesting, and swallowing. average of 1.5 -2.5 kg.
 Development of Infant and Toddler
BRAIN

INFANT TODDLER

Newborn’s brain is about a By the age of 3, the brain

quarter size keeps growing
of an adult brain’s weight. to 80% of adult size.

Quarter
80%
Size
Development of Infant and Toddler
COGNITIVE
INFANT & TODDLER

The significance of cognitive development in

infants and toddlers is that it helps them to

aware to their surroundings as they explore it.
Also, it may guide them to picture things out in
a way that they can understand easily.
Development of Infant and Toddler
COGNITIVE

INFANT

From birth to six weeks, simple reflexes (coordination of sensation and action
through reflexive actions) are shown by the infant.

From six weeks to four

months, first habits (reflex) and primary circular

reactions (repetition of action) are executed.

From four months to eight months, secondary circular reactions like being
object oriented and coordination between vision and prehension.

From eight to twelve months, coordination of reactions stage secondary

circular like coordination of vision and touch.
 Development of Infant and Toddler
COGNITIVE

TODDLER

From 1 year to 18 months, tertiary circular reactions,

novelty, and curiosity develop like experimenting behavior.

From 18 months to 24 months, Internalization of schemes

(invention of new means through mental combination) develops
like using primitive symbols and mental presentations.
 Development of
Infant and Toddler
MOTOR
INFANT &TODDLER

Motor development is one of the very

important aspect in the development of
infants and toddlers since it is tied in the
different areas. In a result, it can fully guide
and support the child as he/she grows.
 Reflexes

Development of
Infant
and Toddler
Moro Reflex Disappears

(Responding to sudden sounds) after 2 months.

Rooting
Disappears
MOTOR
(turning head in
a direction and

after 4 months.
opening of mouth)

Tonic Neck Reflex

Disappears INFANT
(fencing position,

extending the

after 5-7 months.

arm and leg on the side)

Palmar Grasp Disappears

( grabbing or holding) after 5-6 months.

Plantar Grasp Disappears

(prehension using the toes) after 9-12 months.

 Development of 1-2 years old
Infant and Toddler 1. Moves into sitting position without support.
2. Pulls up to stand and walks alone while
MOTOR holding onto furniture.
TODDLER 3. Takes few steps without support of adult or
furniture.

4. Stands alone.
The physical development and 5. Begins to run.
improvement of a child's bones, muscles,
and ability to move about and sense his
or her environment is known as motor
development.
Development of Infant and Toddler
LANGUAGE

INFANT & TODDLER

Language development
supports a child's ability
to communicate with other individuals. Also, it can
guide them to express their ideas, thoughts, and
feelings in a verbal way. Lastly, it may help them
to learn new words in a early stage of life.
 Development of Infant and Toddler
LANGUAGE
INFANT (6-12 months) TODDLER (18-36 months)

1. Responds to sounds by 1. Say several single words.

making sounds. 2. Says and shake heads "no"
2. Strings vowels together when

3. Points to show someone
babbling (“ah,” “eh,” “oh”) and what he wants.
takes turns while making 4. Points to things or pictures
sounds. when they are named.
3. Responds to own name.
 The social emotional
Development of development in infants and

Infant and Toddler toddlers focus on shaping the

child's literacy, attitude,
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
behavior and etc. that is
significant in dealing with the
INFANCY & TODDLER situations in their surroundings
and also a stepping stone in
achieving their goals in life.
 Development of
Infant and Toddler
SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL

INFANT (6-12 months) TODDLER (18-36 months)

1. Knows familiar faces and begins
to hand things to others as
1. Likes
to know if someone is a stranger. play.
2. Likes to play with others, 2. May have temper tantrums.
especially parents.
3. Copies others, especially adults
3. Puts out arm or leg to help with
and older children.
dressing.
4. Plays games such as “peek-a-
4. Gets excited when with other
boo” and “pat-a-cake”. children.
Thank
You!
Batausa, Reah Jane
Bazar, Yzynne
Bongalos, Darygold
Cadavas, Kamille Jyniña