CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS (Wow, exciting~ Pero kidding aside, this is a big problem na hindi

natin dapat isinasantabi especially that we know how drastic would its impacts be.)

OVERVIEW

(So, before we start, bigyan ko lang kayo ng maiksing overview about our report. So, as our title
suggests, we are going to be tackling not only about climate change itself, as well as the things na
nagdudulot nito at kung paano nga ba ito nangyayari. In addition to this, ididiscuss din naming yung
impacts nito ecologically, or sa environment, and socio-economically, or, well, sa ekonomiya habang
naaapektuhan ito ng globalization or the other way around.)

OBJECTIVES: (Presented here are the goals of the module pati naming sa pagrereport nito, which would
be for you to be able to)

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

1. Define and explain what climate change is;

2. Identify its environmental, and socio-economic consequences; and

3. Recognize the interaction between climate change and globalization

(As I stated in my overview, ito yung mga bagay na inee-expect naming na makuha niyo sa report na’to
so make sure to listen po para all goodz)

Climate Change and Its causes

Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the climate that occur over decades, centuries or
longer. (I believe naman, ‘no? That the majority here ay alam na ang difference between climate and
weather, pero sa mga nalilito, their main difference would be kung gaano kahaba yung duration nung
pagbabago, for weather it could be hours or let’s say days, sa climate naman, eh, years.)

It is caused by rapidly increasing greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere due primarily to burning
fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, and natural gas). (May iba pang sources of greenhouse gases, other than
burning fuels, na nagreresult to this rapid increase which would be discussed later on, but as stated, ito
yung nangunguna sa cause.)

Gases in our atmosphere sustain life on Earth by trapping the sun’s heat. These gases allow the sun’s
rays to pass through and warm the earth, but prevent this warmth from escaping our atmosphere into
space. (Alam niyo ba yung greenhouse? Diba gawa yun sa bubog, then nakapaloob dun yung mga
halaman. That way, yung sinag nung araw is namamagnify at nagiging heat in order for the plants to
survive. Similarly, gases in the Earth act the same way by trapping, ‘no? Yung tumatamang rays of the
Sun. Kasi pag dumadating na yun dito sa’tin, it bounces back to space pero yung warmth eh naki-keep
because of these gases. This is a good thing kasi kung wala ‘to, masyadong malamig ang mundo natin
para tirhan.)

(Hmm… Good thing? Akala ko ba masama ‘to?)

The danger lies in the rapid increase of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that intensify this
natural greenhouse effect. (As the saying goes, lahat ng sobra ay masama. So sobrang greenhouse gases
equals sobrang amount of heat rapped leading to global warming and eventually to climate change. Wag
kayo malilito, ha. Global warming refers to the increase in temperature of the world at yun lang, so
climate change is yung pagbabago nung klima due to this at yung iba pang side-effects nito)

For thousands of years, the global carbon supply were essentially stable as natural processes removed
as much carbon as they released. (If you didn’t know, nakaka-bawas ang ating mundo ng carbon
naturally and alam niyo ba kung paano? Well, the answer would be photosynthesis. Oh, dibaaaaaaaa~ Di
ko na pahahabain yung discussion dito, pero in summary, plants use carbon dioxide to produce oxygen.)

Modern human activity—burning fossil fuels, deforestation, intensive agriculture—has added huge
quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. (Ayan, mga tao talaga, oo. I mean, may mga
purposes naman kung bakit nila ginagawa yun, for energy, resources, and stuff. Pero, as always, lahat ng
sobra ay masama. So, they should moderate the way kung paano nila ginagawa itong mga ‘to.)

Today’s atmosphere contains 42 per cent more carbon dioxide than it did at the start of the industrial
era. Levels of methane and carbon dioxide are the highest they have been in nearly thousands of years.

(So, nitong Industrial era, if we would remember, people changed from the old way which is the agrarian
or yung focused on agriculture into being dominated by machineries, meaning, sabi ko nga kanina, mas
kailangan ng energy, therefore more fossil fuels ang kaliangan which would results sa pagtaas ng carbon
emission. Diba, mataas na yun? Pero, as time goes by, as the world becomes more and more
industrialized and urbanized, eh, mas marami pang ginagawa ang tao to suffice yung needs natin when it
comes not only sa energy, also on resources. Ending, ayun, 42 percent increase in CO2 sa atmosphere
natin. I mean, imagine magkakalahati nung buong Industrial era yung dagdag natin. How about sa
susunod pa, diba? So, I want you all to take note of that.)

These heat-trapping gases are warming the Earth and the Oceans resulting in rising sea levels, changes
in storm patterns, altered ocean currents, changes in rainfall, melting snow ice, more extreme heat
events, fires, and drought. (So, una, bakit tumaas ang sea levels? Syempre, natutunaw nga yung mga
yelo, let’s say from the northern and southern part of the Earth, ba’t natutunaw? Global warming. Ba’t
nag-iiba yung storm and rainfall patterns? Mas marami yung nag-eevaporate na tubig, leading to clouds
accumulating more water than usual. Ba’t mas marami? Global warming. Ba’t dumamadami yung fires
and drought events? Global warming. So, all of these happens because there are more than enough
greenhouse gases in our atmosphere at patuloy pa ring nadagdagan ang mga ito.

These impacts are projected to continue and, in some cases, intensify, affecting human health,
infrastructure, forests, agriculture, freshwater supplies, coastlines, and marine systems.

The common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Of these six gases, three are of primary concern because they
are closely associated to human activities.

(Since may focus naman dun sa tatlo, brief discussion na lang dun sa mga natira. So, hydrofluorocarbons
are gases na usually ginagamit sa industry for cooling, air-conditioning, insulators, and others. So, paano
siya nakakaapekto sa atmosphere? Not only na nagta-trap sya ng heat, but it also destroys our ozone
layer. Remember that the ozone layer absorbs most of the Sun’s UV radiation. So, pag nasira ‘to, mas
magiging harmful pa yung rays nung araw as it is now. So, perfluorocarbons, sa electronic industry
naman sya patok, pero, similar to HFCs, ginagamit rin siya as refrigerant at isa rin siyang ozone-depleting
substance. And, sulfur hexafluoride, tulad nung dalawa, ginagamit din sya as insulator. Pinagkaiba nito,,
eh, nagta-trap rin siya ng heat pero 23,500 times more warming than CO2. At hindi lang yun, kapag
napdpad na yan sa atmosphere, centuries, yaps, hudreds of years ang itatagal niyan dyan.)

Carbon dioxide is the main contributor to climate change, especially through the burning of fossil fuels.

(Bakit nga ba carbon dioxide ang main contributor to climate change, eh, may mga ibang greenhouse
gas naman dyan na mas maraming init ang nata-trap pero ito pa rin yung tinuturing na worst
greenhouse gas? Sagot? Simple, sobrang dami kasi nito tsaka sobrang tagal mawala kung ikukumpara
mo sa ibang GG. Approximately 76% of all the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere ay CO2, so imagine
kapag pinagsama-sama mo yung “heating power” nun, walang-wala yung ibang GG. Idagdag mo pa yung
300-1000 years nitong tinatagal sa atmosphere, eh, ewan ko na lang talaga.)

From breathing to burning, the range of processes producing carbon dioxide is wide.

(And ito yung rason kung bakit sobrang dami nito. There a lot of things na ginagawa ng mga tao na
dumadagdag pa sa amount ng CO2 sa hangin.)

The world’s largest producer of CO2 is China, producing 10.06 billion metric tons of CO2, accumulating
28% of the whole world’s CO2 emission in 2018.

(And one of the reasons why this happened is dahil sa overpopulation. Remember na sila pa rin ang may
pinakamalaking population sa buong mundo, and to think how much energy, resources, at iba pa ang
kailangan nila just makes these numbers make sense.)

In 2016, The CO2 emission of the Philippines amounted to 1.22 tons per person.

(Average lang naman ‘to, ha. Mas mababas yung iba, yung iba naman, mas mataas. Pero yun, isang
toneladang CO2 ang narerelease natin through various activites kada taon. And I’m pretty sure na tataas
pa yan in the near future so I suggest na bawasan natin yung carbon footprint natin.)

Methane is produced naturally when vegetation is burned, digested or rotted without the presence of
oxygen. (Itong methane naman, majority, eh nanggagaling sa agriculture industry since it mostly comes
from decaying organic material.)

Large amounts of methane are released by cattle farming, waste dumps, rice farming and the
production of oil and gas. (So, ayun nga, no? Ito yung mga nagpo-produce nang malalaking bilang ng
methane. Cattle farming o yung pag-aalaga ng baka is actually one of the biggest producers of methane
since ang isang baka ay nagpo-produce ng 250-500 liters ng methane araw-araw through digestion.)

Oil and gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) operations are major sources of methane
pollution, via leaks from damaged or improperly fitted equipment and intentionally vented gas.

(Ano ba una yung hydraulic fracturing or fracking? Well, ito yung pagkuha ng resources from
underground, may it be oil, natural gas geothermal energy, or tubig. Nagiging problema lang eh kapag
hindi na maayos yung mga equipment leading to leaks, releasing methane at iba pang gases)
Methane has more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide over the first 20 years after it
reaches the atmosphere. (So, yun, nasabi ko na naman ata kanina na may malakas pa sa heating power
ng CO2. So, this is just FYI or para lang may value kung gaano nga mas malakas ang methane.)

Nitrous oxide, released by chemical fertilizers and burning fossil fuels (Add ko lang na nagpo-produce
rin ng nitrous oxide yung combustion of fuel, may it be sa mga sasakyan or stationary sources tsaka sa
mga wastewater na may nitrogen content.)

has a global warming potential 310 times that of carbon dioxide. (So, yun, mas malakas siya sa CO2 pati
na rin sa methane)

Once nitrous oxide gets into the atmosphere, it can stay there for more than 100 years. (Pero yun, mas
mabilis siyang mawala sa atmosphere, since, again, 300 to 1000 years ang tinatagal ng CO2.)

About 40 percent of nitrous oxide emissions come from human activities, and of those, the majority are
from the way we use land—particularly agriculture. (So, yung 30% eh naturally-occuring at yung natitira
pang 30% ay from various sources naman.)

By disrupting the atmospheric balance that keeps the climate stable, we are now seeing extreme effects
around the globe. The climate changes and it gets warmer. Extreme weather events also become more
common. These effects are already having a significant impact on ecosystems, economies and
communities. (So, this is the reason kung bakit paulit-ulit nating nakikita si Climate Change, ‘no? I mean,
if I remember correctly, since grade school tinuturo na’to. We need to be reminded na yung problemang
nandyan na noon, eh, nandyan pa rin ngayon, and we need to do something about it. At ngayon na
medyo nalinawan na kayo, sana, kahit papaano, sa kung ano ang Climate Change at yung causes nito, eh
pede pong makikikuh ng papel tsaka dun sa mga kaya, eh, pa-open ng cam. Ayan, so, we all know naman
na ang papel ay gawa sa mga puno at nauubos na sila because of global warming and climate change as
a whole. Wag lang sana tayong mag-aksaya ng papel, yun lang~ Proceed na po tayo with Mr.Toque.)