Solutions for QAT1001912

Solutions for questions 1 to 25: 4 can be expressed as a product of two integers in the
following ways
1. Let α and β be the roots of the equation 4 = 2 × 2 or 4 = 4 × 1 or 4 = (−2)(−2) or 4 = (−4)(−1)
2x2 + (2n − 3) x + (1 − 2n) = 0 The different possibilities for α, β and the sum of the roots,
3 − 2n (α + β) are tabulated below.
∴Sum of the roots, α + β = and the product of the
2
α β α+β
1− 2n
roots, αβ = 3 3 6
2 5 2 7
2 2 5 7
 3 − 2n   1 − 2n 
α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 − 2αβ =   − 2 2  −1 −1 −2
 2    −3 0 −3
4n 2 − 12n + 9 − 4(1 − 2n) 4n 2 − 4n + 5 0 −3 −3
= =
4 4
2
Therefore the possible values for the sum of the roots are
5  1 6, 7, −2 or −3 i.e. there are four distinct values.
= n2 −n+ = n −  +1
4  2 Ans : 4
2
 1 2x + 4
Now  n −  being a perfect square is greater than or 5. Let g(x) = = k.
 2 2x 2 + 7 x + 8
equal to zero. Therefore the minimum value of α + 2 β2 = 1. ⇒ 2x + 4 = 2kx2 + 7kx + 8k
1 ∴2k x2 + (7k – 2) x + (8k – 4) = 0 ……. (1)
It occurs when n = . Ans : 1
2 If g(x) = k, (1) has a real root, i.e. ∆ ≥ 0
(7k – 2)2 – 8k (8k – 4) ≥ 0
2. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c ⇒ 49k2 – 28k + 4 – 64k2 + 32k ≥ 0
b ⇒ – 15k2 + 4k +4 ≥ 0
The minimum value of f(x) occurs at x = − and this ⇒ 15k2 – 4k – 4 ≤ 0
2a
−2 2
 b  ⇒ (3k – 2) (5k +2) ≤ 0 ⇒ ≤k≤ .
value is f  − . 5 3
 2a 
−2
b ∴The minimum value of k (or g(x) ) is .
Now − = −3 ⇒ b = 6a………(1) 5
2a Choice (A)
f (−3) = 9a − 3b + c = 4 ----------- (2)
f (3) − f (2) = (9a + 3b + c) − (4a + 2b + c) 6. From Descartes’ Rule of signs, the number of positive roots
= 5a + b = 5a + 6a = 11a (from (1)) of f(x) = 0 (say m) is at most equal to the number of sign
It is given that f (3) − f (2) = 11 changes in f(x) (say n). Specifically given n, the possible
∴11a = 11 ⇒ a = 1 values of m are n, n – 2, n – 4…….Therefore given m, the
∴b = 6 (from (1)) possible values of n are m, m + 2, m + 4…
From equation (2), 9a − 3b + c = 4 Let f (x) = x5 + 3x4 + px3 − 27x2 + qx + r
∴9 (1) − 3 (6) + c = 4 ⇒ c = 13 The different possibilities and the corresponding number of
Therefore f (1) = a + b + c = 1 + 6 + 13 = 20. sign changes in f(x) are tabulated below.
Choice (C)
No. of
3. It is given that −x2 + 4kx + 3k − 1 < 0 x5 3x4 px3 −27x2 qx r sign
changes
⇒ −(x2 − 4kx) + 3k − 1 < 0
⇒ −[(x − 2k)2 − 4k2] + 3k − 1 < 0 + + + − + + 2
⇒ −[(x − 2k)2] + 4k2 + 3k − 1 < 0 + + + − + − 3
Now, for the above expression to be always negative + + + − − + 2
4k2 + 3k − 1 < 0 ⇒ (4k −1)(k + 1) < 0 + + + − − − 1
1 + + − − + + 2
This is true when −1 < k < . + + − − + − 3
4
Choice (D) + + − − − + 2
+ + − − − − 1
4. The roots are given to be integers. This may be possible
only for some values of k. Since the number of positive roots is even, the number of
ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a = 1 and b = 3 – c sign changes has to be even. Therefore, cases 2, 4, 6 and
∴x + (3 − c) x + c = 0
2
8 are not admissible.
Let the roots be α and β Option A: cases 3 and 5 do not satisfy
α + β = c − 3 and αβ = c Option B: cases 1 and 5 do not satisfy
α + β = αβ − 3 Option C: cases 1 and 7 do not satisfy
αβ − α − β = 3 ------ (1) Option D: All the four cases 1, 3, 5 and 7 satisfy this
Adding 1 to both sides of eq (1), we get condition. Choice (D)
αβ − α − β + 1 = 4
(α − 1)(β − 1) = 4
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7. (x + 13) (x + 11) (x + 9) (x + 7) = (x + 13) (x + 7) (x + 11) (x + 9) i.e. 2x2 − 2ax + a2 − 2 = 0 which is a quadratic in terms of x.
= (x2 + 20x + 91) (x2 + 20x + 99) As it has a unique solution, ⇒ b2 − 4ac = 0
Let x2 + 20x + 91 = a ⇒ 4a2 − 4 (2) (a2 − 2) = 0
(x + 13 )(x + 11)(x + 9 )(x + 7 ) + 16 =  x 2 + 20 x + 91 x 2 + 20 x + 99  + 16 4a2 − 16 = 0 ∴ a = ± 2 Choice (C)
  
13. Let the roots of the first quadratic equation be α and β and
= a(a + 8 ) + 16 = a 2 + 8a + 16 = (a + 4 )2 those of the second equation be γ and δ respectively.
As x < –13,. x + 13 < 0 and x + 7 < 0. Given α2 + β2 = γ2 + δ2
a = x2 + 20x + 91 = (x + 13) (x + 7) i.e. product of two Also α + β = 10 and γ + δ = 8.
negative numbers, which is positive. The possible values of α2 + β 2 are 50, 52, 58, 68 and
a is positive, ∴ a + 4 is positive 82 while the possible values of γ2+ δ2 = 8 are 32, 34, 40 and 50.
As only 50 is a common value, α = 5, β = 5, γ = 7 and δ = 1
(a + 4)2 = a + 4 ∴ The greatest possible root is 7. Choice (A)
(x + 13 )(x + 11)(x + 9 )(x + 7 ) + 16 14. AM (a, b, c, d) ≥ HM (a, b, c, d)
= (x2 + 20x + 91) + 4 = x2 + 20x + 95 = ax2 + bx + c a+b+c +d 4
∴ a2 + b +c = 1 + 20 + 95 = 116. Ans : 116 ≥
4 1 1 1 1
+ + +
8. When rewritten, the equation becomes: a b c d
(k² + 2) x² – kx + 1 = 0
1 1 1 1 16
Discriminant, D = (k)² – 4 (1) (k² + 2) + + + ≥
= – 3k² – 8 = – (3k² + 8) a b c d a+b+c +d
3k² is positive for all real values of k, and hence
(3k² + 8) is positive; and so – (3k² + 8) is negative. bcd + acd + abd + abc 16
≥
As the discriminant is negative, roots are complex. abcd a+b+c +d
Choice (D)
abcd a+b+c +d
≤
9. F(x) = x2 – 17x + 52 = 0 abc + bcd + acd + abd 16
⇒ (x - 13) (x – 4) = 0
(Q a + b + c + d = 4)
⇒ x = 4, 13
g(x) = x3 – 9x2 + 26x – 24 = 0 1
∴p ≤ . Choice (D)
By trial and error, we can see that g(2) = 0 4
⇒ x – 2 is a factor of x3 – 9x2 + 26x – 24
g(x) = (x – 2) (x2 – 7x + 12) = (x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 4) 15. |2x − 1| − 1 < |x − 2| + 3
g(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 3, 4 ⇒ |2x − 1| − |x − 2| < 4
∴4 is the only common root. Ans : 1 We need to consider 3 cases
1 1
10. Roots are to be diminished by one and then multiplied by (1) x < (2) ≤ x < 2 and (3) 2 ≤ x .
two. i.e., if A, B are roots of given equation, then 2 2
2(A – 1) = A1 and 2(B – 1) = B1, where A and B are the 1
roots of the new equation. i.e., For x < , we get
2
A1 A +2 B +2 −(2x − 1) + (x − 2) < 4
⇒A=1+ = 1 and B = 1
2 2 2 ⇒ −x < 5 ⇒ x > −5
x+2 1
i.e., x of the given equation is to be replaced by , to ∴ −5 < x <
2 2
obtain the required equation. 1
Given equation is: x² – 7x – 12 = 0. For ≤ x < 2, 2x − 1 + x − 2 < 4
2
2
 x + 2  7 ( x + 2)
Required equation is   − − 12 = 0 ⇒x<
7
∴
1
<x<2
 2  2 3 2
(x + 2)² – 7 (2) (x + 2) – 4 (12) = 0. For x ≥ 2, (2x − 1) − (x − 2) < 4
⇒ x² + 4x + 4 – 14x – 28 – 48 = 0. ⇒ x < 3 ∴2 ≤ x < 3
⇒ x² – 10x – 72 = 0. Choice (D) Thus the range of x such that the given relation is satisfied is
−5 < x < 3 Choice (D)
11. Let the number of swimmers be s and the number of beach
s 16. 2x + 3y + 4z = 27, we need to split this expression such
volleyball players be p; and p = .
4 that there are 4 x’s, 2y’s and 3z’s
Total number of friends = (s + p).
 2x   3y   4z 
The given statement translates as: i.e. 4   +2  +3   = 27
– 4 + 25% (s)² = 3 (s + p)  4   2   3 
s2  s
⇒ − 4 =3s+  The maximum value of x4y2z3 occurs when all these 9 parts
4  4 are equal.
2x 3 y 4 z 2 x + 3 y + 4 z 27
s 2 − 16 15s i:e = = = = =3
⇒ = , ⇒ s 2 − 15s − 16 = 0 4 2 3 4+2+3 9
4 4
9
s ∴x = 6, y = 2 and z =
(s + 1) (s − 16 ) = 0 ⇒ s = 16 and p = = 4 Ans : 4 4
4
Therefore the maximum value is
3
12. Given that x2 − y2 = 0 and (x − a)2 + y2 = 2 9
Since we need to find the value of x, eliminate y from the x4y2z3 = (6)4(2)2   = 310 Choice (C)
4
given equations
⇒ (x − a)2 + x2 = 2
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17. For x = −9, E = |−9 + 4| + |−9 + 7| + |−9 −1| = 17 There are 13 positive integer values of a and infinite
For x = −8, E = |−8 + 4| + |−8 + 7| + |−8 − 1| = 14 negative integer values of a. Choice (D)
For x = 1, E = |1 + 4| + |1 + 7| + |1 − 1| = 13
For x = 2, E = |2 + 4| + |2 + 7| + |2 − 1| = 16 21. Given 2 < x < 5 and 10 < y < 30.
Therefore the integral values of x for which the given The value of y/x is minimum, for the minimum value of
inequality is satisfied are −8, −7, −6, −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0
y and the maximum value of x.
and 1 i.e. a total of 10 values. Ans : 10
10
∴ y/x > or y/x > 2
x x+2 5
18. − <0
x +1 x −1 The value of y/x is maximum, for the maximum value of
x( x − 1) − ( x + 2)( x + 1) y and the minimum value of x.
<0
( x + 1)( x − 1) 30
∴y/x < or y/x < 15
x − x − x − 3x − 2
2 2 2
<0 ⇒ 2 < y/x < 15 Choice (C)
( x + 1)( x − 1)
−4 x − 2 22. Given |x| > 6, y > −4.
<0
( x + 1)( x − 1) Consider x = 7 and y = 2; xy = 14
⇒ |xy| = 14
−2(2x + 1)
<0 ∴|xy| > 24 is not necessarily true.
( x + 1)( x − 1) Consider x = 8 and y = 5; xy = 40; |xy| > 40 > 24
(2x + 1) ∴The second option is not necessarily true.
>0 For y = 0; |x| |y| = 0, hence none of the given options is
( x + 1)( x − 1)
necessarily true. Choice (D)
Multiplying both Nr & Dr by (x + 1)(x − 1) we get
(2x + 1)( x + 1)( x − 1) 23. Given x and y are positive integers.
>0
( x + 1)2 ( x − 1) 2 (x + y)50 = x50 + y50 + ….. positive terms
The solution set for the above inequality is the same as that ∴ (x + y)50 > x50 + y50 Choice (C)
for (2x + 1)(x + 1)(x − 1) > 0
1 24. Given f(x) = max(3x + 5, 7 − 2x)
Therefore the inequality holds true for −1 < x < − or f(x) has the minimum value when the two expressions are
2 equal.
 1 ∴ 3x + 5 = 7 − 2x
x > 1, i.e., x ∈  − 1,−  ∪ (1, ∞ ) Choice (A)
 2 2
5x = 2 ⇒ x =
5
1 1 1 ∴ The minimum value of f(x) is
19. + +
p(q 2 + r 2 ) q(p 2 + r 2 ) r(p 2 + q 2 ) 2  3(2) 2(2) 
f   = max  + 5, 7 − 
1 1 1 5  5 5 
= + +
qpq + rpr ppq + rqr ppr + qqr  31 31  31
= max  , = Ans : 6.2
1 1 1  5 5  5
= + +
2q 2r 2p 2r 2p 2q
+ + + 25. Let f(x) = x3 – x2 – x – 2
r q r p q p By trial and error,
  f(1) = –3
f(2) = 0
1  1 1 1  ⇒ x – 2 is a factor of f(x)
= + +
2q r p r p q f(x) = (x – 2) q(x), where q(x) is a quadratic expression
r +q r +p q+p By dividing f(x) by x – 2, we get q(x).
 
f(x) = (x – 2) (q(x)) = (x – 2) (x2 + x + 1)
Since p, q and r are positive real numbers,
q r p r p q  1 3
2
, , , , and are all positive real numbers = (x – 2)   x +  + 
r q r p q p  4 
 
2

2
 q r  Given equation is f(x) = 0
 − ≥ 0 [Any perfect positive square can never
 r q   1 3
2
 ⇒ (x – 2)   x +  +  = 0
be negative]    2 4
 
q r q r
+ −2 ≥ 0⇔ + ≥ 2(The equality holds when q = r) 2
r q r q  1 3
x – 2 = 0 or  x +  + =0
Therefore, the maximum value of the given expression is  2 4
1  1 1 1 3 2
+ + = Choice (B)  1 3
2  2 2 2  4 x = 2 or  x +  =−
 2 4
20. For the roots of both the equations to be real, each
1 3 3 2 3
equation must have a non-negative discriminant. x = 2 or x + =± − =± i =± i
(–a)2 – 4(1)(144) ≥ 0 and (–12)2 – 4(1)(a) ≥ 0 2 4 4 2
a2 ≥ 576 and 144 ≥ 4a
−1 3
(|a|)2 ≥ 576 and a ≤ 36 x = 2 or x = ± i
|a| ≥ 24 and a ≤ 36 2 2
(a ≥ 24 or a ≤ –24) and a ≤ 36 The given equation has 1 real and 2 non–real roots.
24 ≤ a ≤ 36 or a ≤ –24 Ans : 2
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