MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

 Motivation
Motivation is anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence to
behavior.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Performance
Performance concerns those behaviors directed toward the
organization’s mission or goals, or the products and services resulting
from those behaviors.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

 Job satisfaction
Job satisfaction deals with one’s attitudes or feelings about the job itself,
pay, promotion, or educational opportunities, supervision, co-workers,
workload, and so on.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Three Major Needs Theories

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2. ERG Theory
3. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

ERG Theory

ERG theory is a theory in psychology proposed by Clayton Alderfer.

He developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the
hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth).

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

ERG Theory

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Frederick Herzberg was a psychologist interested in the correlation between

employee attitude and workplace motivation. He wanted to find out what
made people feel satisfied and unsatisfied when it came to the workplace.
After spending countless hours interviewing employees about what made
them feel both good and bad about their jobs, Herzberg developed a theory
of workplace motivation called the two-factor theory.
The two-factor theory is based on the assumption that there are two sets of
factors that influence motivation in the workplace by either enhancing
employee satisfaction or hindering it.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Individual Difference
Achievement orientation
Intrinsic(Core) motivation

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Three Cognitive Theories
1. Goal Setting
2. Expectancy Theory
3. ProMES

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Goal Setting

Goal setting is a powerful process for thinking about your ideal future, and for
motivating yourself to turn your vision of this future into reality.
The process of setting goals helps you choose where you want to go in life.
The simple fact is that for goals to be powerful, they should be designed to be
SMART

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Expectancy Theory

The Expectancy Theory (ET) of Victor Vroom deals

with motivation and management.
Vroom's theory assumes that behavior results
from conscious choices among alternatives whose
purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize
pain.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Expectancy Theory

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Productivity Measurement and
Enhancement System (ProMES).
ProMES is based on the theory of motivation of Naylor,
Pritchard, and Ilgen (1980).
Each of us has an Energy Pool that we use for everything we
do.
We allocate this energy to actions in order to satisfy our
Needs.
This allocation is the Motivation Process.
Even though we are not thoughtfully aware of it, our
motivation to use our energy to take action depends on how
much we expect we will be successful in meeting our needs if
we take the actions.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Productivity Measurement and
Enhancement System (ProMES).

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Situational Approaches
Job Characteristics Model

Operant Model

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

 Job Characteristics Model

The job characteristics model is one of the

most influential attempts to design jobs
with increased motivational properties.
Proposed by Hackman and Oldham, the
model describes five core job dimensions
leading to three critical psychological
states, resulting in work-related outcomes.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Operant Model

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Leadership practitioners should be aware of several important
findings regarding global and facet satisfaction:

People are generally very happy with their

vocation or occupation.
Persons with longer tenure or in higher
positions tend to have higher global and
facet satisfaction ratings than those new or
lower in the organization.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Leadership practitioners should be aware of several important
findings regarding global and facet satisfaction:

Cont.

Persons in higher positions tend to have ratings when

evaluating their compensation than those in lower
positions.
People who are happier with their jobs also tend to
have higher life satisfaction ratings.

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Three Theories of Job Satisfaction
Affectivity
Equity Theory
Organizational Justice

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Affectivity

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Equity Theory

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Organizational Justice

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Any Questions ??

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Activities –Session 22-25

1. (home work) ; students to do self-research on motivational theories and

prepare a PowerPoint presentation.

2. students present their Comprehensive PDP in the class room.

3. LO 04 Revision and Assessment discussion workshop, facilitator: Lecturer

/Tutor

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE

Thank you …

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING - UNIT 03-PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES - ANURADHA JAYASINGHE