IEEE Std 1003.

1-2008 utilities
Name Category Status (Option code)

batch Process management Mandatory

command Shell programming Mandatory

getopts Shell programming Mandatory
pathchk Filesystem Mandatory
read Shell programming Mandatory
fold Text processing Mandatory
expand Text processing Mandatory
unexpand Text processing Mandatory
logger Shell programming Mandatory
patch Text processing Mandatory
printf Shell programming Mandatory
cksum Filesystem Mandatory
mkfifo Filesystem Mandatory

renice Process management Mandatory

uudecode Network Mandatory

uuencode Network Mandatory
iconv Text processing Mandatory
chgrp Filesystem Mandatory
csplit Text processing Mandatory

xargs Shell programming Mandatory

head Text processing Mandatory

tail Text processing Mandatory

cut Text processing Mandatory

dirname Filesystem Mandatory

lp Text processing Mandatory

cat Filesystem Mandatory

chmod Filesystem Mandatory

chown Filesystem Mandatory

cmp Filesystem Mandatory
cp Filesystem Mandatory
df Filesystem Mandatory
du Filesystem Mandatory
ed Text processing Mandatory
find Filesystem Mandatory
ln Filesystem Mandatory
ls Filesystem Mandatory
 mkdir Filesystem Mandatory
mv Filesystem Mandatory
pr Text processing Mandatory
rm Filesystem Mandatory

rmdir Filesystem Mandatory

sort Text processing Mandatory

wc Text processing Mandatory

who System administration Mandatory

echo Shell programming Mandatory

time Process management Mandatory

uniq Text processing Mandatory

comm Text processing Mandatory

file Filesystem Mandatory

kill Process management Mandatory

nice Process management Mandatory

nohup Process management Mandatory

ps Process management Mandatory

sleep Shell programming Mandatory

tr Text processing Mandatory

wait Process management Mandatory

dd Filesystem Mandatory
diff Text processing Mandatory
pwd Filesystem Mandatory
tee Shell programming Mandatory
cd Filesystem Mandatory

at Process management Mandatory

awk Text processing Mandatory

basename Filesystem Mandatory

expr Shell programming Mandatory

0 Shell programming Mandatory

join Text processing Mandatory

sed Text processing Mandatory

test Shell programming Mandatory

touch Filesystem Mandatory

1 Shell programming Mandatory

tsort Text processing Mandatory

sh Shell programming Mandatory

paste Text processing Mandatory

Std 1003.1-2008 utilities
Description First appeared
Schedule commands to be executed in a
batch queue
Execute a simple command
Parse utility options
Check pathnames
Read a line from standard input
Filter for folding lines 1BSD
Convert tabs to spaces 3BSD
Convert spaces to tabs 3BSD
Log messages 4.3BSD
Apply changes to files 4.3BSD
Write formatted output 4.3BSD-Reno
Write file checksums and sizes 4.4BSD
Make FIFO special files 4.4BSD[dubious – discuss]

Set nice values of running processes 4BSD

Decode a binary file 4BSD

Encode a binary file 4BSD
Codeset conversion HP-UX
Change the file group ownership PWB UNIX
Split files based on context PWB UNIX

Construct argument lists and invoke utility PWB UNIX

Copy the first part of files PWB UNIX[citation needed]

Copy the last part of a file PWB UNIX[citation needed]

Cut out selected fields of each line of a file System III

Return the directory portion of a

System III
pathname; see also basename
Send files to a printer System V
Concatenate and print files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Change the file
modes/attributes/permissions Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Change the file ownership Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Compare two files; see also diff Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Copy files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Report free disk space Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Estimate file space usage Version 1 AT&T UNIX
The standard text editor Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Find files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Link files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
List directory contents Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Make directories Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Move or rename files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Print files Version 1 AT&T UNIX
Remove directory entries Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Remove directories, if they are empty. Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Sort, merge, or sequence check text files Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Line, word and byte or character count Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Display who is on the system Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Write arguments to standard output Version 2 AT&T UNIX

Time a simple command Version 3 AT&T UNIX

Report or filter out repeated lines in a file Version 3 AT&T UNIX

Select or reject lines common to two files Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Determine file type Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Terminate or signal processes Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Invoke a utility with an altered nice value Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Invoke a utility immune to hangups Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Report process status Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Suspend execution for an interval Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Translate characters Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Await process completion Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Convert and copy a file Version 5 AT&T UNIX

Compare two files; see also cmp Version 5 AT&T UNIX
Print working directory Version 5 AT&T UNIX
Duplicate the standard output Version 5 AT&T UNIX
Change the working directory Version 6 AT&T UNIX

Execute commands at a later time Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Pattern scanning and processing language Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Return non-directory portion of a Version 7 AT&T UNIX

pathname; see also dirname
Evaluate arguments as an expression Version 7 AT&T UNIX
Return false value Version 7 AT&T UNIX
Merges two sorted text files based on the
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
presence of a common field
Stream editor Version 7 AT&T UNIX
Evaluate expression Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Change file access and modification times Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Return true value Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Topological sort Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Version 7 AT&T UNIX

(in earlier versions, sh
Shell, the standard command language interpreter
was either
the Thompson shell or
the PWB shell)

Merge corresponding or subsequent lines

Version 32V AT&T UNIX
of files
Name Description

batch Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue

command Execute a simple command

getopts Parse utility options

pathchk Check pathnames

read Read a line from standard input

fold Filter for folding lines

expand Convert tabs to spaces

unexpand Convert spaces to tabs

logger Log messages

patch Apply changes to files

printf Write formatted output

cksum Write file checksums and sizes

mkfifo Make FIFO special files

renice Set nice values of running processes

uudecode Decode a binary file

uuencode Encode a binary file

iconv Codeset conversion

chgrp Change the file group ownership

csplit Split files based on context

xargs Construct argument lists and invoke utility

head Copy the first part of files

tail Copy the last part of a file

cut Cut out selected fields of each line of a file

dirname Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename

lp Send files to a printer

cat Concatenate and print files

chmod Change the file modes/attributes/permissions

chown Change the file ownership

cmp Compare two files; see also diff

 cp Copy files

df Report free disk space

du Estimate file space usage

ed The standard text editor

find Find files

ln Link files

ls List directory contents

mkdir Make directories

mv Move or rename files

pr Print files

rm Remove directory entries

rmdir Remove directories, if they are empty.

sort Sort, merge, or sequence check text files

wc Line, word and byte or character count

who Display who is on the system

echo Write arguments to standard output

time Time a simple command

uniq Report or filter out repeated lines in a file

comm Select or reject lines common to two files

file Determine file type

kill Terminate or signal processes

nice Invoke a utility with an altered nice value

nohup Invoke a utility immune to hangups

ps Report process status

sleep Suspend execution for an interval

tr Translate characters

wait Await process completion

dd Convert and copy a file

diff Compare two files; see also cmp

pwd Print working directory

 tee Duplicate the standard output

cd Change the working directory

at Execute commands at a later time

awk Pattern scanning and processing language

basename Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname

expr Evaluate arguments as an expression

0 Return false value

join Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field

sed Stream editor

test Evaluate expression

touch Change file access and modification times

1 Return true value

tsort Topological sort

sh Shell, the standard command language interpreter

paste Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files

Category Status (Option co First appeared

Process management Mandatory

Shell programming Mandatory

Shell programming Mandatory

Filesystem Mandatory

Shell programming Mandatory

Text processing Mandatory 1BSD

Text processing Mandatory 3BSD

Text processing Mandatory 3BSD

Shell programming Mandatory 4.3BSD

Text processing Mandatory 4.3BSD

Shell programming Mandatory 4.3BSD-Reno

Filesystem Mandatory 4.4BSD

Filesystem Mandatory 4.4BSD[dubious – discuss]

Process management Mandatory 4BSD

Network Mandatory 4BSD

Network Mandatory 4BSD

Text processing Mandatory HP-UX

Filesystem Mandatory PWB UNIX

Text processing Mandatory PWB UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory PWB UNIX

Text processing Mandatory PWB UNIX[citation needed]

Text processing Mandatory PWB UNIX[citation needed]

Text processing Mandatory System III

Filesystem Mandatory System III

Text processing Mandatory System V

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

System administration Mandatory Version 1 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 2 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 3 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 3 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 4 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 5 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 5 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 5 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 5 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 6 AT&T UNIX

Process management Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Filesystem Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Text processing Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX

Shell programming Mandatory Version 7 AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson

Text processing Mandatory Version 32V AT&T UNIX

, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell)