Cambridge IGCSE™

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GEOGRAPHY 0460/21
Paper 2 Geographical Skills October/November 2020

1 hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed) Plain paper

1:50 000 survey map (enclosed) Protractor
Calculator Ruler

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions.

This document has 20 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (ST/CT) 180665/5
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1 Study the map extract for Misterbianco, Italy. The scale is 1:50 000.

(a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features around the main settlement at Misterbianco in the north
east of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.1 and the map extract, and answer the questions below.

98 99 00 01 02
54 54
A

Misterbianco
53 53
D
E

52 52

C B
51 51
98 99 00 01 02

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown in Fig. 1.1:

(i) the type of road at A

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the type of road at B

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) the height above sea level of the spot height at C

.............................................. metres [1]

(iv) feature D

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) feature E.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows two areas, A and B, in the south west of the map extract. Study the two areas
and answer the questions below.

94 96
48 48
Fatt a Tenerelli

46 46

Mass a
Maddalena
44
92 94

Fig. 1.2

The table below compares the features of the two areas. Complete the table by putting ticks
in the correct six boxes. Use only one tick (3) for each row.

Both these Neither of

Feature Area A Area B
areas these areas

river flowing from south to north

meandering river

river flowing from north to south

either flat or gently sloping

steep slopes

plateau

[6]

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(c) Fig. 1.3 is a cross section through the settlement of Motta S. Anastasia, along northing 52,
from 940520 to 000520.

X Y
300 300

250 250
height height
(metres) (metres)
200 200

150 150

0
940520 000520

Fig. 1.3

(i) Identify the feature X.

.............................................. [1]

(ii) Name the river at Y.

.............................................. [1]

(iii) In Fig. 1.3, use a labelled arrow to show the position of the settlement of Motta S.
Anastasia. [1]

(d) A railway in the southern part of the map extract is shown by a thin black line. Find where the
railway crosses a wide river near Staz.di Motta S. Anastasia.

(i) What is the distance along the railway, from where it crosses the wide river, to the eastern
edge of the map? Give your answer in metres.

.............................................. metres [1]

(ii) What is the compass direction from where the railway crosses the wide river, to where
the railway meets the eastern edge of the map?

.............................................. [1]

(iii) Measure the bearing from where the railway crosses the wide river, to where the railway
meets the eastern edge of the map.

.............................................. degrees [1]

(iv) Give the six-figure grid reference of the point where the railway crosses the wide river.

.............................................. [1]

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(e) Fig. 1.4 shows two areas, area P in the north west of the map extract and area Q in the north
east of the map extract just south of Misterbianco.

Area P Area Q
92 94 00 02
54 54 52 52
I
IEL
C. Spina Santa EIS
LAD
RT

P.gio Cardillo

C. Sant’Agata

52 52 50 50
92 94 00 02

Fig. 1.4

Identify:

(i) the settlement pattern in area P

................................................................... [1]

(ii) the stream pattern in area Q.

................................................................... [1]

[Total: 20]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the settlement hierarchy in South Holland, an area in the United Kingdom.

Donington N

Spalding
Holbeach
Sutton
Long Bridge
Sutton

Key
Crowland main road
railway
0 8
km
1st order
2nd order
settlement hierarchy
3rd order
4th order

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Using evidence from Fig. 2.1, suggest why Spalding has become the main town in South
Holland.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Using Fig. 2.1, compare the main road links of the second and third order settlements.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) In Fig. 2.1, draw the possible sphere of influence of Long Sutton, a second order
settlement. [1]

(c) The distribution of settlements in Fig. 2.1 is not even. Suggest one possible reason for this.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Fig. 2.2 shows the relationship between settlement order and number of settlements in South
Holland.

30

20
number of
settlements

10

4 3 2 1
low high
settlement order

Fig. 2.2

(i) Using information from Fig. 2.1, plot the number of third order settlements in Fig. 2.2.
[1]

(ii) Describe the relationship between settlement order and number of settlements in South
Holland shown in Fig. 2.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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3 The strongest earthquake in history was at Bio-Bio in Chile, in 1960, with a magnitude of 9.5. The
location of Bio-Bio is shown in Fig. 3.1.

South
America

South
Nazca American
Plate Plate
Bio-Bio
Key
plate boundary
plate movement
sea
0 1000
km

Fig. 3.1

(a) What type of plate margin is close to Bio-Bio? Tick one box below.

Tick (3)
Constructive (divergent)
Destructive (convergent)
Conservative
[1]

(b) Using evidence from Fig. 3.1, explain the cause of the Bio-Bio earthquake.

...................................................................................................................................................

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(c) Explain what can be done to reduce the impacts of earthquakes.

...................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]

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BLANK PAGE

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4 Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 (Insert) show part of a desert in southern Africa.

(a) Describe the vegetation shown in Figs. 4.1 and 4.2.

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(b) Fig. 4.2 also shows a waste heap produced by the mining of copper ore. Suggest how this
may pose a threat to the natural environment.

...................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows information about the states most affected by soil erosion in one year in the USA.
Information is shown for two types of soil erosion: by wind and by water.

TEXAS (TX)
MINNESOTA (MN)
by MONTANA (MT)
wind COLORADO (CO)
KANSAS (KS)

IOWA (IA)
ILLINOIS (IL)
by MISSOURI (MO)
water TEXAS ()
(TX)
NEBRASKA (NE)

0 100 200 300

soil erosion (million tonnes)

Fig. 5.1

(a) How much soil was eroded by water in Missouri?

.............................................. million tonnes [1]

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the location of the states listed in Fig. 5.1.

MT MN

NE IA
IL
CO
KS MO
N

TX

0 1000
km

Fig. 5.2

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(i) Which of the following statements describes the location of the states in Fig. 5.2? Tick
one box below.

Tick (3)
mostly in the centre
mostly in the south
mostly in the west
[1]

(ii) Using Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, give one difference between the distribution of the states with
soil erosion by wind and the distribution of the states with soil erosion by water.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Fig. 5.3 shows the rainfall of the states shown in Figs. 5.1 and 5.2.

Annual average rainfall (mm)

500
750

750 1000
1000
500
25
750 1250
N

500750
– 750

0 1000
km

Fig. 5.3

(i) Using Figs. 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, describe how the amount of rainfall affects whether soil
erosion is by wind or by water.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) Explain why the amount of rainfall affects whether soil erosion is by wind or by water.

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Give two ways of preventing or reducing soil erosion.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

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2 ................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 6

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6 Fig. 6.1 gives information about industry in Japan.

Key
City Industries
Hokkaidō
1 Sapporo chemicals, machinery,
vehicles
2 Tokyo textiles, engineering, steel,
3 Yokohama chemicals, shipbuilding
4 Nagoya textiles, machinery, 1
vehicles, aircraft
5 Osaka textiles, shipbuilding,
6 Kyoto steel, electrical
7 Kobe
8 Kitakyushu shipbuilding, steel,
9 Nagasaki machinery, glass

industrial region
city
sea Honshū

0 300
km
32
6 4
7
5

8
N
9 Shikoku

Kyūshū

Fig. 6.1

(a) Describe the distribution of industrial regions shown in Fig. 6.1.

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(b) What type of industries are shown in Fig. 6.1? Circle one answer below.

primary secondary tertiary quaternary

[1]

(c) Fig. 6.2 shows Japan’s relief, imports and exports.

Key
land between 500 m and
4000 m above sea level
sea

0 300
N
km

imported raw materials

exported finished
products

Fig. 6.2

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Using evidence from Figs. 6.1 and 6.2 only, explain the factors which have influenced the
location of industrial regions in Japan.

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[Total: 8]

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Additional Pages

If you use the following pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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