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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The following sections offer prior articles and literature relevant to the current investigation for a
more full knowledge of the variables used in the study.

RELATED LITERATURE

The following related literature discussing the variables used in this study were reviewed:

Academic Performance

Based on the study Clara Torrijos, et al., (2021), the authors explored the effectiveness of
the gokoan e-learning platform in supporting face-to-face instruction in an educational setting.
The objective was to optimize students' study methods and study time, ultimately improving their
academic success. To test the gokoan platform's effectiveness as a tool for enhancing academic
performance, an observational study was conducted on 171 university students enrolled in the
psychology degree programme. The students were randomly assigned to either the experimental
group (traditional learning + e-learning with gokoan) or the control group (traditional learning
without e-learning). Results of the study revealed that the gokoan platform had a positive impact
on the students' academic success, with an effect size of 0.39 (95% CI 0.08, 0.69). These findings
highlight the value of blended learning in improving students' learning outcomes.

The research conducted by Carstens Kaite, et al. (2021) aimed to explore the impact of
technology on academic performance. With the rapidly changing landscape of technology,
educational institutions are increasingly incorporating technology in classrooms. While technology
can have positive effects on learning, it can also have negative consequences on the educational
process. Although technology can enhance learning opportunities and promote student comfort,
it can also lead to over-reliance and potentially hinder student fine motor development and
problem-solving abilities. The study involved surveying K-12 educators to gather feedback on the
impact of technology in their classrooms, with the goal of determining how technology affects
student learning. The research findings revealed that more training for both teachers and students
is necessary to effectively integrate technology in the classroom.

Data Privacy

Jiayi Chen's (2022) study focuses on data privacy protection in e-learning platforms,
specifically from the perspective of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The study
uses the e-learning platform "SHCneo," which was jointly built by Chinese and German
universities, as a case study to explore GDPR's personal data privacy protection characteristics
and to identify measures for improving data privacy security in online learning systems. The study
aims to prevent privacy leakage risks associated with the use of e-learning platforms and provides
an overview of current network security development in e-learning platforms in China and other
countries. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on data privacy protection in e-learning
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and highlights the importance of adhering to strict data protection regulations like GDPR to
safeguard the personal privacy of teachers and students.

Educational platform

In the study by Pukkaew Chadchadaporn et al. (2022), the effectiveness of internet-based

distance learning (IBDL) was assessed through the use of the VClass live e-education platform.
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IBDL for both regular and distance students,
as well as to explore the experiences of distance students who took the Computer Programming
1 course using VClass. The researchers employed common definitions of evaluation and used
test scores and questionnaires as measurement instruments. The study involved a sample of 59
first-year undergraduate students, most of whom were studying computer information systems at
Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Chiang Mai in Thailand.

The issue of high school students dropping out of the educational system and struggling
with mathematics has been a long-standing concern. In response, Zermeño Gómez et al. (2018)
conducted a study that examines the potential of educational platforms as a teaching resource in
mathematics. The study utilized a non-experimental, longitudinal model and evolutionary group
analysis to investigate the effectiveness of academic virtual counseling in improving student
outcomes in upper-level education. The results suggest that incorporating educational platforms
in mathematics education not only serves as a technological aid for teachers but also presents
an academic challenge for students to overcome. Overall, this research highlights the benefits of
utilizing educational platforms to enhance math education and potentially reduce dropout rates
among high school students.

Local Government Units

The study by Estuar Ma. Regina (2014) focuses on the development and deployment of
a mobile-cloud electronic medical record system, called eHealth TABLET, for local government
units in a developing country. The project was launched in January 2013 with two primary
objectives: 1) to create a tablet-based system that integrates existing health information systems
and supports a national objective of a unified health information management system by 2015,
and 2) to enhance transparency and communication between municipal health officers and the
mayor through a monitoring layer at the local government unit level. To ensure that the system
incorporates features requested by multi-stakeholders, a bottom-up approach was used in its
design. The final product of the eHealth TABLET project is a mobile-web based system with three
primary components: an electronic medical record (EMR) application that includes patient records
and diagnosis modules, a requests/approval application, and a dashboard application for data
visualization. The web-based application includes features such as web auxiliary entry, an
aggregated disease report application, and usage monitoring. Through iterative involvement of
multi-stakeholders, the system was designed to be interoperable with existing technologies,
ensuring seamless interfacing with these systems.

Tablet

In their 2009 study, Gaskell and Mills provide an overview of the various applications of
mobile technologies in education, with a specific focus on tablet devices. They identify several
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ways in which these devices can be utilized to enhance the learning process, such as managing
student progress and providing learner support. Additionally, tablets can be used to deliver
learning materials, provide context-specific activities, and offer just-in-time learning opportunities.
The authors also highlight the potential for tablets to reach disabled learners and promote
interactive activities that facilitate higher-order thinking skills. Overall, mobile learning with tablets
enables learners to access educational resources regardless of time zone or location, thereby
removing geographical barriers to learning.

Technology

According to La Shun (2017), the term technology lacks a universally accepted definition
due to the various interpretations people attach to it. From an ethological perspective, technology
is described as something inherently intelligent enough to function, either by being used or
interpreted as having a function that is appreciated by intelligent beings like humans. This implies
that technology is created and designed with a specific purpose in mind, and its functionality is a
key determinant of how users perceive and appreciate it. Therefore, in order for technology to be
effective, it must serve a particular function that meets the needs of its users.

Bove and Conklin (2020) further emphasize the importance of LMS in facilitating group
conversations, debates, document sharing, assignment submission, quizzes, grading, and course
evaluations through these educational technologies. This literature review highlights the
significance of user management in ensuring the effective use of LMS and smart learning features
in educational institutions.

User’s management

In Kasim N. N. M.'s (2016) systematic review, the focus is on users management through
the selection of the appropriate Learning Management System (LMS) for Higher Education
Institutions. The review highlights the importance of using e-learning tools such as LMS to
enhance students' learning experiences and their understanding of various topics. The paper
evaluates various LMS options such as Moodle, ATutor, Blackboard, and SuccessFactors, based
on a literature review of their characteristics, including flexibility, ease of use, accessibility, and
user-friendliness. The study provides valuable insights into selecting the appropriate platform for
an institution's needs. By presenting the results of this review, readers can make informed
decisions when choosing an LMS platform to effectively manage their users' learning experiences.