VOCABULARIO LECCION SIETE ADJECTIVES ) THEME WorDs: | ~~ “CLOTHES” \ el abrigo coat i el arete carring la blusa blouse la bota boot ta bufanda scarf Li tos calcetines socks iH la camisa shit i la chaqueta jacket i el cinturén belt He ta corbata tie 1a falda skirt la gorra cap, hat fos guantes gloves lospantalones pants \ el pendiente earring la ropa clothes el sombrero hat el suéter sweater | el traje de bafto swimsuit el vestido dress los zapatos shoes OTHER NOUNS el asiento seat a billetera wallet la entrada admission ticket, entrance ta milla mile ta palabra word 5 el teléfono telephone la vaca cow alegre atléticola caliente cansadola estipidola misterioso/a preocupado/a VERBS acompaiiar acostarse (ue) afeitar(se) casarse cepillarse crear decidir despertarse (ie) hacer happy athletic warm, hot tired stupid mysterious upset to accompany to go to bed to shave (oneself) to get married to brush one’s (hair, teeth) to create, to make to decide to wake up to do, to make lavarse to wash oneself levantarse to get up Hamar to call ocurrir to occur, to happen peinarse to comb one’s hair ponerse to put on retrse (i) to laugh seniar (ie) to seat (someone) sentarse (ie) to sit down volar (ue) to fly MISCELLANEOUS de nuevo again despacio slowly por eso therefore si if REAKING THE SPANISH BARRIER LEVEL | (BEGINNER)PERI SE > Fl Wer cre A) THE IMPERFECT TEN: El imperfecto CONCEPTS | B) REFLEXIVE OBJECT PRONOUNS (ROPS) — Los pronombres €) Apverss —> Los adverbios D) TALKING ABOUT THE WEATHER — (Qué tiempo hace hoy? [rg] — Ga The imperfect is another verb tense used to describe action from the past. It differs from the preterite in a number of ways and is used in different situations Let’s first take a look at the conjugations of the regular verbs. The good news is that there are only three irregular verbs in Spanish: “ir,” “ser,” and “ver”! All of these irregular conjugations will be covered in Leccién Ocho. ‘All other verbs in Spanish are completely regular: there are no stem-changing forms or any special spelling changes. For this reason, the imperfect tense is often a favorite among Spanish students. Here are the regular forms of the imperfect tense: HABLAR COMER VIVIR hablaba —hablébamos | comfa ‘comfamos vivia viviamos hablabas —hablabais comias comiais vivias viviais hablaba ——_hablaban coma comian vivia vivian PRUSMIGGE 1) Did you notice that there are accents only on the nosotros/nosotras form of -AR verbs (hablar) and on every form of the -ER and -IR verbs (comer, vivir)? 2), Did you also notice that -ER and -IR endings are identical? ‘The three verbs on the next page are representative of those that are irregular in the present. You will recall that cerrar and pedir are “boot” verbs, while conocer has a spelling change in the “yo” form. You will notice, however, that these verbs are completely normal in the imperfect! LECCION siere 159Here are two “boot” verbs and one “spelling-changer” in the imperfect: | CERRAR a “CONOCER PEDIR cerraba cerrabamos | conocfa _conocfamos | _pedia pediamos f cerrabas _cerrabais conocias —_conoctais pedias _pediais, H cermaba__cerraban conocfa_conoefan pedia pedian { ‘ WHEN IS THE IMPERFECT USED? | 1) INCOMPLETE ACTIONS — ACTIONS IN PROGRESS i | : Unlike the preterite, which describes completed action, the imperfect can describe i action that hadn’t been completed yet or that was ongoing. ih *K EXAMPL ¢ Lefamos el libro cuando el teléfono sons. ‘We were reading the book when the phone rang. Dorina jugaba a las cartas cuando su amigo, el chico del pendiente, legs. Dorina was playing cards when her friend, the boy with the earring, arrived Nadie queria ir al parque; por eso todos se quedaron a la mesa, . No one wanted to go to the park; therefore, everyone stayed at the table. Mark Teixeira dijo que iba a marcar un jonrén.en Nueva York anoche, \ pero no lo hizo, i Mark Teixeira said that he was going to hit a homerun in New York last night, but he didn’t do it, EGER in all oF the examples above, did you notice that the verb in the i imperfect tense described actions that hadn't been completed (We were in the middle of reading the book; Dorina was in the middle of a card game; No one was interested in going to the park; Mark Teixeira was planning to hit a homerun)? 2) DESCR UPTON ‘The imperfect is used for descriptions in the past. This use really makes a lot of sen: When you describe someone as tall or clever, for example, these descriptions are clearly not completed actions. The ongoing nature of a description, with no clear : ending point, is a good clue for the imperfect. * ExampLes: La mujer misteriosa del sombrero tenta ojos azules. ‘The mysterious woman with the hat had blue eyes. B Breakine THE SPANISH BaRAicR LeveL I (BEGINNER) a| jLa sopa de tomate estaba muy caliente! ‘The tomato soup was very hot! ‘La nueva pelicula de Alejandro Amendbar, Agora, parecfa fantéstica. ‘The new Alejandro Amendbar movie, Agora, seemed fantastic. Después de correr diez millas, estébamos muy cansados. After running ten miles, we were very tired. BY TELE TUM En A special use of the imperfect is for telling time in the past. Now is the time to memorize the two irregular forms of the imperfect of “ser” used below (era, eran). The rest of the irregular forms will be covered in Leccién Ocho. PAK examoues: Hran las diez de la noche cuando me dorm Tt was ten at night when I fell asleep. Era la una de la mafiana cuando descubri que no tenfa mi billetera, ni mi suéter, ni mi chaqueta. Tt was one A.M. when I discovered that I didn’t have my wallet, sweater or jacket, A) HABITUAL ACTIONS The imperfect is also used to describe habitual actions in the past. Anything that a person used to do regularly calls for the imperfect. * EXAMPLES: Cuando tena diez afios, comia Frosted Flakes cada mafiana con mis hermanos. ‘When I was ten years old, I used to eat Frosted Flakes every morning with my brothers. Mi amigo Nick contaba los mejores chistes; todos se refan mucho. My friend Nick used to tell the best jokes; everyone used to laugh alot Mis amigos y yo leiamos The Boxcar Children durante la siesta; muestra historia favorita se Hamaba The Yellow House Mystery. “My friends and I used to read ‘The Boxcar Children series during rest time; our favorite was called The Yellow House Mystery. ‘Antes siempre me invitabas a las fiestas;. :por qué nunca me llamas ahora? In the past you always used to invite me to parties; why don’t you ever call me now? LECCION SiETE 161=] PRACTICE EXERCISES > 1. Conjugate the following verbs fully into the imperfect: andar (to walk) comprender (to understand) escribir (to write) comenzar (to begin) escoger (to choose) repetir (to repeat) 2. Now change each of the following verbs from the present or preterite tense to the corresponding form of the imperfect. Also, add all possible subject pronouns: Examples: tienen — (ellos, ellas, Uds.) tenian. compraste —» (ta) comprabas a. comienza > = : f. pedi b. pierdes > 9. cupo © bebemos h. pintaste > : d.admite — ievieren e.limpian > __ _ j. estuvimos—> BREAKING THE SPANISH Barrier Level | (Bécininen)