Manufacture of Urea

A project work submitted for the partial fulfillment of

requirement in chemistry of class 11

Submitted to:
Moonlight secondary school
Kumaripati, Lalitpur
Nepal
2079/10/29
Submitted by:
Supriya Karki
Roll no : 31

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 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Manufacture

of urea” in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of
chemistry class 11 is submitted by “Supriya Karki Roll
no.31”under the supervision of Ramgen Yadav has been
accepted.

Supervisor Head of the Department

Name: Ramgen Yadav Name: Rajib Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry
Moonlight Secondary School Moonlight secondary school

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 LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION

This is to recommend that Supriya Karki of Moonlight

secondary school, has done project work entitled
“Manufacture of Urea” for the partial fulfillment for the
requirement for Chemistry class 11. To best of my
knowledge, this work has not been previously formed any
other degree. He has fulfilled all the requirement laid down by
NEB for the submission of project work for the award of +2
degree.

Signature
Name of supervisor: Ramgen Yadav
Department of Chemistry
Moonlight secondary school
Date: 2079/10/29

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 DECLARATION

The project work entitled “Manufacture of Urea’’ which is

being submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Moonlight
Secondary School, Nepal for the award of class 11 degree in
Chemistry , is carried out by Supriya Karki under the
supervision of Ramgen Yadav , Department of Chemistry ,
Moonlight secondary school. I hereby, declare that this work
is originally done by me and has not been previously formed
anywhere else for other degree. Any literature, data or work
done by others or cited in this project has been given due
acknowledgment and listed in reference section.

Signature
……………
Date: 2079/10/29
Email: supriyakarki91@gmail.com

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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I feel immense pleasure in acknowledging my ineptness and
heartfelt sense of gratitude to my respected supervisor.
“Ramgen Yadav, Department of Chemistry, Moonlight
secondary school” for his sustained encouragement, regular
guidance, inspiration, valuable suggestion and great support
throughout my period.

My special thanks go to Head of Department, Rajib

Chaudhary, Moonlight secondary school for providing us
necessary requirements and suggestion.
I would like to thank and express my sincere appreciation to
friends and family members.

THANK YOU ALL

Supriya Karki
Date: 2079/10/29

CONTENTS

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  INTRODUCTION
 MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
 OBSERVATION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Urea : Urea is an important nitrogenous fertilizer. Its utilization
is increasing steadily, it being the preferred nitrogen fertilizer
worldwide. It is used in solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer,
formaldehyde resins and adhesives.

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Rouelle first discovered urea in urine in 1773. His discovery
was followed by the synthesis of urea from ammonia and
cyanic acid by Woehler in 1828. This is considered to be the
first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic
compound. Urea is also called as carbamide, which is an
organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. Urea is a
white solid compound. Urea is an amide compound and has
two NH2 groups connecting to the carbonyl group.

Fig: Molecular formula of urea

Properties of Urea:
 Physical properties
1. Urea is colourless, crystalline solid.
2. It is highly soluble in water but less soluble in alcohol. It is
insoluble in ether.
 Chemical properties

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1. Urea behaves as a mono acid base. It reacts with acids to form
salts.
2. It reacts with nitrous acid to form nitrogen, carbon dixoide
and water.
NH2CONH2+H2N2O2→H2CO3+2N2+2H2O
3. Urea reacts with hydrazine at 373 K to form semicarbazide.
NH2CONH2+N2H4→NH2CONHNH2+NH3

4. When urea is treated with acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride,

it undergoes acetylation to form acetyl urea.
NH2CONH2+CH3COCl→NH2CONH.COCH3+HCl
NH2CONH2+CH3COOCOCH3→NH2CONH.COCH3+CH3COOH

Effect:
Urea has both positive and negative effects, depending on the
context in which it is used.
Positive effect:
 Fertilizer: Urea is a nitrogen-rich fertilizer that can help to
improve crop yields and increase agricultural productivity.
 Industrial: Urea is used as a raw materials in the production
of many industrial chemicals, such as resins, adhesives and
plastics, which have a wide range of application.
Negative effect:
 Environmental impact: The large-scale production of urea
releases large amount of nitrogen and CO2 into the
environment, contributing to global warming and
environmental pollution.
 Health effect: High levels of urea exposure can cause
respiratory irritation and skin irritation and in rare cases, may
lead to serious health problems.

METHOD AND METHOLODGY

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 REFERENCES
Different references used for the completion of this project
are listed below:

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 https://www.schultzsoftwater.com/blog/4-methods-
to-manufacture-of-urea
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/urea
 https://www.stamicarbon.com/en/drinking/index.htm
 https://byjus.com
 https://topper.com
 https://quora.com

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