o Te, a 3H ER Cin ent ) AT BIT ( decremen fy tan a at Ga oT aL TENS ( oticeable difference ) 5 ntial limen, DL ) =e @I wresty Test (s ew point) & SQek Fa was st a sete B arse Fate (noticeable difference eye eran ht son ford ENDL ee fe eS Ey (38-4 a 5 aa) aT sik 25 oF aR & few DL wa (SI ST 1 4ETT) BT SM WER 20 Shea wart & fau ae DL 1 dfesa tt at 100 dfese wer 10 Hose ware & fee HART: DL a AAT Ss (384 a Sea) cer He (Fa Steet) Sh DL® way ¥ Far ( Weber, 1834 ), 7 St Wait aM Wy aaa fe Set & R-At WeTt (values ) ATi ( amplitudes ) stat steaasit ( intensities ) TT SH DL ata ws fer sq— We, were a fart 81 (constant ratio ) Bt 81 8 TAFT ( Weber's law 7% Aaz-fIT (Weber's fraction ) a Fae-AaT TT (Weber's ratio ) 1 Aa-fEIE ( Weber's constant yn #1 tafe (Mohsin, 2010 )% ara, “aat- Fe 3 ocgere See er aver ser afer ezire it oe ee arg a fea afta anfe (Benjamin et al; 1994 ) 3 Si aft vit ape ay Be amet 8 fas, are fer aan azar } fs faft aA B arta ters ar org eh ah or Het foe yon (ey ere He BY am 5a Pram ati 95 ay cer me eg fener a aera Bs — AS 2 ye s feet ont ae € 65 ret AP oe arDL Ah axgUT( propoion yt emt emt, fam SRT Be SE A (value yer ar ear hae atte ge Lah em 27 DL. af eft ogame 8 af an ara tn um ata secur Bt ae erm ain athe vit ez fer a AT Sime Ff 25 ae eH wom ay a Her we are ay tM witey A SOM fae Mh ow oe agen sat % wr Ft 50m ax BY we DL ee 2m0H he LOOM A a Bw DL oor aoe Sea: SETS (TE) At eH 25,507 LOOT HAT MAL (1, 2am AT) a Aer ayTT (1225, 2/50 7 4/100 = 125 or 04.) Ba IE A 50 mam AN LH A DL Sma, HH OO aT 25m.m, eat Wasi F FE DL aA: 10 m.m TAT 2.5m.m aM SA Far Set ar fa fe far SHES ( sense modality ) t satvq atk Sa DL ty us fafeaa aan fea (constant ) #E77 (ratio ) Bat 31 SC STAT we Fran wh Gero sensations yaar Te Se YEE wary Re hi Tes GEE fei seresit & fer arerr-arery orga Sha Bi Borsa Fare 1/100, a1 & fore 1/301 aT Fat US safe Say 3 ore Fray a Ffetas ga Be we HY weg fare = ARory = DL K= Spork= wel 4 RW or DL, Raw ant & mrs seer ( standard stimulus ), S#T of Et ort RE @, he Ka ard & faz (constant) | aa & Prey at ga war it oeqa fer on aaa tf 4 = K, ae 1 ot 8 shes Se Cintensity ), 4 11 ard & ae Af ( increment free ‘fires tra’ ar ate & wei read wer yaar (Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1954 ) 3 ea ein # Frac-fray at caren axa gu wer fs ga fron ager “Peal sivr H sae Ter aa fer segura a ofa Sr afer, Raw =a Fete G2 Bar traat Fram Weber-Fechner Law \— rare Bere fram esr vftatas aver, “Frat Sra-tharre freer ( Weber-Fechner Law ) er oar ti gu Fran 3 organ dan’ sehen ay (logarithm ) a 27guf4 ( proportional ) aft @ tart 3 ga fray Ht ee wa weqT fFI—S=C, log R, Farr s ar arf wetea a aaa, C #1 arf fA (constant ), Log # at St A ( variables )82 *aaheart Htw eg te sey ae waar, fret AR eH Ae afTeNeT AMT (arithinetic series ) 7 TAT dd ae we Aste a, Calgebvie series 3) agAT NUTTER aT on TNT wT aftarar 1 APT WHAT ( Stevens, 1953) ur. FRAT (power law) MTU Y Yew A TPMRAPT Gray AY Saray IE ma tt ara weg aye Mew RAT LHT aT aeh AAT AT art, TET AT ETT A ga Per at Sehr Bs Ty Roaphdemay } ala ad Sr fe 9 anf we AgaPray A gar rer at Abra ( validity yA TATE ay BBH AMA (advantages VC VAT Stet L— Ci) seal aor galeael ( Woodworth and Scblosberg, 1954) —3 agar we Fram Fafiter IPRA at ReaD (di inating powers )% STAT MTT EY HEAT Tera TAT LP Aa. Reve ay Ray arya seHe BF FAL O16 TUT TAT (loudness )% fee 33 G1 AACTTATA fra Bay Ming, er wafer ga A sibs er tr Civ) Sats A ET TAT (intermediate values) RAE WE PTT AHS TAT wet afore Bar 81 Citi) SARTRE ( Boring et al; 1948) 7-8 Fear aT Fete Fora ik aR (Pitch), 37a, BAS, TaUvTT UR (lifted weights ), SHA (loudness ) 7, TAT TT TAS & fae are: (i) 104 (75) o136(4) at 0.200 (seca RCSF ( minimal weber fractions ) Te TH TARA ( Stevens, 1966) ATER BE (visual) TA FAT (auditory ) TIA (sensations ) F feat ae FAT ates Te z Siem dechran ag wet 8 drat Ci) feet sete & wt ee wr ae Free at el TACT B (Mohsin, 1998 )1 AF FEAT ( extreme values ) Srefq, aga a we age sift yee fee ze Pree wet ware set eat V1 (it) SHAFT ( Stevens, 1966) % aga ge Ter gar eA Ht Big a GTS TAT F fey ae Fran sagen 7a 2 iii) Sst Ter yethert ( Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1954) SER Fa fray at wT (generalization ) 7 ferar St Tara 1 GR Wet H, we Fra Ht APRA ( sense organs ) wer ster & wt yet & fare soged wal Bi are: ga Fram at oer Sas @1 Sac fran a warn grr wafirr He & fare wanes fafa ( psychophysical methods ) = SIE farar srat @, farrar afeares Brava ( Fechner, 1860)9 Selo car Weer marr Maret ST fareri @ fafiraT 2—aiter fafir ( method of limits ), 3a Stypfez-faft ( method of average error ) FA feex séteq fafer ( method of constant stimuli )P aga WaT A sha-fate ar ran fear STAT (3) SeRa ( Purpose \—RYA WHT HT TT TAMA AR (lifted weights) % fee Faehra (Weber's law ) 1 FEIT ( verification FET Bt (4) afcarerat ( Hypothesis \ 3a war Ht Raheem ae ear Fe Vt rake wet STA Be ARH am gaat ferree stern (DL) Ata HE fee sega et ra Ste 1, Fae YO error es 35.7 Th HH 2, *Thus it (Weber's fraction ) furnishes a very valuable index of the discriminating powers of various senses.” Woodworth & schlosberg, 1954 3, wr Peaferet BPA mre Ps 36-41 1 ET A 4, a far err ges 36.97 A A TH BHa penn (Preliminaries ) (i) S889 87 a_i oa Gi) Risy at ayo Gi) aS wae Civ) Rena, (y) ean, vi Sea aR, Git) 31 ar yg i (Ovo sets of lifted weights weet Re F sown ay ATH MIE ( standard wai Me » WF loom a AER aR . Gi) BEFTF ( Metronome » , (ili) WET ( Screen), Civ) PETE ( Stop watch ) ( 2 Wel arate ( Procedure of the Experiment d af wires oifiracy (Experimental design a am & eatsa 3S tg fsa Condition T Rest 1 SRT MTT ATT Se A (Stimulus ) lifted weights ) lifted weights ) Tas Set 350 ar 100 aT (Standard ) . Taner ar ett 10 fare | Shr fair (Method ) (Method of limits (Method of limits ) ST-SSAT (Trials ) 20 20 SAME ( Series) | 10 As + 10 Ds 10 As + 10Ds (i) BT ( Planning Xara Tare TA fs TFTA ( Weber's law) Wea ( verity ) SS & fore senfit am (lifted weights) S847 FH STH aE fT sth wen a SET (conditions ) # frat SAT Tesi steer Ff SO OMT aT ATH AR ( standand weight) BT 38x $0, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 TEM 45, 40, 35, 30, 25 BMA Tea AT ( variable weights ) BAL aad ssen § 100 oe WAP TE EMT SAT 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75 BMT FM 105, 110, 115, 120, 125 ar eet a a aS Stream # eira-fafiz ( method of limits ) #7 20-20 Tare fore STA, ET 10 aTTET ( ascending ) 3ST 10 arate ( descending ) FETE (series ) EM eel srrET IT TTT A we La S10 fire ar fear (rest) fear SPT ais eet areT 3 wWaPT A MrT FTA (monotony) A AA Catigue ) a ewe ote Gat sraer Wer Fe FET MTA a WE TH Gil) Sear val arate ai crereEN Te SETH ATAMETAT ( Arrangement of the apparanis and materials il eeapiry precautions — RTT FRAT RAS Wa see SRT PN ST RY gah we Sages Heh Aare ra rea es FAT WEEN sense) Ta FO AT WaH stzq ag ep fs weitss ae Te AT TR fea Feat MT (weights ) AT STEN FT st xet hohe84 Tarte 4 win wa vier fee wa & VATA (results) AT AT RR TT Ba ae ter Oe ates ora a wie Sit ae fer eT HEATH ( metronome ) FT SANT rater aa fan wn fs wT Ss ew! B arae SS A FH TH (weights ) 3-H AR SO Wa ae at Hz a ATR MR 100 TIN a art wir 92 faeert faéera (instruction ) fem Tart Civ) et (Instruction )—"'371 3a tra Crafea Bra) Fe ays rar a a aA Ar ow, SR Ge fea sri sem re ga Aa (Ber a fears Em) Awe ‘few! a a ET a Say 34 wR AS So a a a fe! A a 33 2ga weve Sh oer gam we ones one en ars ah ate we Tay fem a GH ee oma 88 any Sh dhe ert garth oh gee a Te ee Tre fe wR BS wen 8, rd boa Soh aera Bh seh are aS TT ( weights 71 WaT Hae ey 3 tar arin oft et am sag at aac eo fe aa a ea aT ahr wear, a a ohh ar um aaa 81 afe srg Ht feet oe Ren HT ys TAT eA” (vy) areas weit eT ( Conducting actual experiment p—WS4 Wi fader 23 % are ara (planning ) & sigan watt ye fat an wa A ee sere A senor Te ( lifted weights) yee ez a oan fam ve, foray 50 UIA wT ITS HW (standard weight) i Tas7 % Bz F 50 we TUR fear, RR aa B few’ a ore are SG WaT Tig HH SIT, Sas sigan wrar 3ik eet few’ a anata H e8 Bqa He fea oa 50 We HB A SE 25 HT ar aR UG fear, fee cane § we few’ ot Sra H ater amt vert sit Sas aE Sra ae Gat few" at ores Os oe Se Aga we fear otk are Facts fer fs oe oe a Siar Ba UC SST OT Tofre wer Tae-aifers ( data collection table ) St HrTET FET ( ascending series ) % com fae (-) fear 7m 3a 30 Wr & as & GT 50 WH a HT Te AE aa Fa @ fret van wats 3 aren Peta fem fe gaa un (sftadt ue) Weer A (ATH AIL) F tes AT! gaan afaar st a gen 3 ga: cen fare (—) fever Ta Se ae aha IF 5-5 TE TAT x Hae ae fata fever am Sa wats 3 viteraPeme ( variable weight) @al TAS AT ( standard sveight ) 3 aac QF a Froher Rear ar aerae a Per (=) she ae feral an HG we fete fet Br atferan 3 sth a Free (+) fre wen ge ae ome oer HM EE HR ATE SEE FAT di din, series ) % fore wate 3 era #7 Tee SOW ar SUK fea Ta, Foret eT call Se aan a2 OR 75 TH UR St Saw es oT feeT few’ OR Sara Bae GH few’ we Ba HK TE fem FR 75 en 7 St ae UE EE’ Tatar HN Fare ON GR few! Te ge T UE fem set * = 2 afr gate, wiser H sate Fea #75 TAS SAT TT fear fe ea am Sey ca : + watsy et Rae frote fever TaN +) FT idee ee sa De (4) OE = 1 zafere + Sr gem Comm & we EA ferar Wan sta WAIST vizeraf we ( variable weight ) Ft 5-5 UH Har-ra a arer wr FMT am 7 Tal eal yey ge areca a oka Fe Ar et vie A aTeT a Fee (=) se rae wT ( standard weight) & ofrs frofe fear at weet afer EH fe en) ora Sr SA eget Te fT 1 farm var WE TSM . wa frat (—) I ea eet sere TEM HH TTA SH Te Keto A 10 fre a fo a Ctifted weights ) & ae za Ona fare wen, FAH LOO HIE aT AAS SE arena ut (lifted wei et ae oe TART He} 20 TE, Fe 10 Vaasa om 10 arairét (descending ) TIAL (series) Gara % watsa & orahitera (imtropection report ) Ga ware yer fave Tat ~~85 mT, 1 ma Py Freer anger omar at Faves # Gre St SE GAT Me GAT Ta ean at AT” SPT RET Te aT etme ear cit et” eT HAT TH ART SPE ga fare aferd ar peat T (Geos) Binge os | ss | os | sur| cur] ss | os | os | os | sr | sp [ser] sy | os | os | ss |szs|sur| so | OS [ee bee +e ap sur | ozs | sur | cer] sep] ozs | ser | se |sur [stp |szp | oer loop | ser [ocr |szs [sur |Szp | ses | Sey | ibieete bak) [_T an sis | sus | sts | Ses] sts] Sus | ses | szs |szs |oer | sur | szs |sew | szs|Szs | sus | ses [Ses | Sus | Ses | diets oF = = = = = = = = = = = - - - - - - - - - - oe 7 - 7 - - - - 7 - - se - -|-]- - -|-]-]-]- - : - op -]-]-]-=]-]-F-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]-]- x =|-]=/-]-]-]-]-]-]+]-]-]+]-}-]-]-]-]-]- oss +f=fe]e]efe fe fede fede fede fe fe fed ede ss +fel]e +fa]e + + + + fe fe + © + + + + + + + + + + 9 + + + + + + + + ” + OL + + + + + + + + + + st thiefafetrfe fr felts fe tr fe tt [ett fe feted tie ee (S[P40 JOON) oz | 61 81 | at} OF} st tl La | i | on 6 8 Lio s v € t ts DAR gins PUOD ISI] ) Lar bre 22h —(erep oansafqo ) wen sakjBep (1) ( 210g fo v0129)}09 ) ams BEK (8)* % Wen, sealer oo Prey (9) SEA-PRBIT ( Trearment of the Data ) weeit HARM ( First Condition ) (i) S51 HAT ( upper threshold ) ATE (mean ) Scores x f fe 5785 287.5 Mean= 1060 _ 53 am 525 12 630.0 753 142.5 1060.00 (ii) Pt Sa (lower threshold ) ST ATA ( mean ) Scores x f fx 25 4 21000 Mean = 2 = 935 = 46.75 " 415° 9 427.00 as 7 297.00 935.00 (ii) fee sree (DL) = MUT=MLT _ 5. Ss SB =3.125=3.13 aa 2 (ivy k= (v) aret aaa fag (PSE) : = HUTS MT 5344675 = 49.875 = 49.880 (vi) few a, (CE) =PSE - S (standard stimulus ) = 49.88 - 50 = - 0.12 77 (vii) ander sfqrersit ( Ascending series ) #1 WTA ( mean ) = 5044754 5545044754 45-4504 554175258 = 5925.5 5025 my (viii) aaret afzremsit (ascending series ) FT TET ( mean ) 50+ 50+ 475+50+50 _ 495 = 5545254504 45+ 45 495 «49 someT, entre ae fer = __ Stee -enferet ( Results Table ) STETE (Conditions) 1 it Taw SEN ( standard stimulus) 50 mH 100 aT SS Ses (UT) 53 103 FA saat (LT) 46.75 mT 93.75 mH fstew sere (DL) 3.13 rT 4.63 Ir SRCSTTT ( K-value ) 065 046 HIST BAT FEZ ( PSE) 49.88 98.38 fer az (CE) 2 1.62 arte FST FAT (mean) 50,25 97.50 Sau FSA ATT (mean ) 49.50 99.25 (10) Paar We Fret ( Discussion and conclusions p—ea WAT B area COT (results ) Bar ATT 8 we AALHTIA( Weber's law ) ARETE H et era HEY ESM BET, Ne SALT ition) 4 Sate TS seo teh, HA AR 60 WM aT at DL 3.13 my gan ait Bava Weber's fraction ) Tt k-value.06 g3i11 @Edt steear H staan METH NR 100 WT eM at DL ae k-value FSF: 4.63 TAT 05 WaT Wan wig ze Fran wal Ser a Ga stage Ht DL St eet sraeT & DL Bar aafee at, wif GUT sre a AH SHIT ( standard stimulus ) sree, 100 WT AE SSR ST ATH TEVA Brahe. S0 mr So ae St OM eA fe aT AN eI H ake Spat areeaTsHt alue Sich SACSTI TAT Sher St rT Sra fe we Frees eet ora gam fare Set sae F kvalue St Sacagaa frst &i ora: wa a Ht aaefren wae fire You sit wat eert ypothesis) Ter THTfora BE we vlkony seat ae vein ( Woodworth & Schlosber, 1954 ) % faa FPR TART V1 SAH SAT SEIT BH afer FEA ( extreme values ) 3 faU Ae Hay wa a 81ST GSR SAI H Hae TUT ST ( intermediate value ) % fee @ fray wet wenftrs erat B1 Weel Hae F PSE 49.88 TT e SH ATH Me (standard weight) 50 Wa #1 yaar art @ fe Fas 5 49.88 vitadh ae a1 50 or & quae wae 8 ond: we Gad ae aT afeeTiST (over estimation ) far Tar 2, St aga FH (.12) Bi gaa geen H ah wae S vad wR (98.38) aT Sugeaied feat t1 wife se Fa MR A LOOM (AH ML) H ATA AAEM 2) vec sae ¥ CE az 12 @ vate qed araem 7 1.62 21 sia: gad ster a site weet sraen F af aga aH a Wer wae H water F spare gfe (error of habituation) BH %, Fife saTe swat ( descending Seties ) % ANT (48.50) B amet FTE ( ascending series ) # FTA ( $0.25) afta 81 Za scare 5 rasa 5 wear FH Wet (error of expectation) # t, wifes wel sata sae B mM (99.25) F Ste fear ar NT (97.50) FA 8 Ha: Fr eat HRT Al wet Bache wel weirs Tet A a Ha: wa ga frend we veTT 8 fs mega ra H Aafrer wenfng ave esr, Sh Tt voReTT (hypothesis ) % argeet 81 oo