Look at the digital

photo and zoom in.

Can you see a group
of tiny squares? They
are called PIXELS.
How can you relate
them to atoms?
 Ideas of the
Ancient Greeks
on the atom
What does
What does anan Ancient
Ancient
Greek philosopher
Greek philosopher
have in
have in common
common with
with
Nobel Prize-winning
Nobel Prize-winning
scientists?
scientists?
Both contributed
Both contributed to
to Atomic
Atomic Theory!
Theory!

Separated
thousand years
 -First proposed that everything in the world was made up of
tiny particles surrounded by empty space.
-Tiny particles vary in size and shape depending on the
substance that they compose.

-Called the particles “ATOMOS” Greek for

indivisible.

Democritus thought that there were atoms of oil, which were

physically smooth because of the properties of the oil. And he
440 B.C.E thought that atoms of vinegar were sharp, because of their tart
taste.
OPPOSED BY MORE POPULAR
PHILOSOPHERS OF HIS DAY

vs
According to Wind
ARISTOTLE

Fire
MATTER
Water

Earth
Why did Aristotle
strongly oppose the
concept of atoms?
 JOHN
JOHN DALTON
DALTON

Atoms cannot be subdivided,

created, or destroyed.
 J.J THOMPSON
J.J THOMPSON
1897 – The discovery of the electrons

He won a Nobel Prize in 1906 for his

electron discovery
 ERNEST RUTHERFORD
Studying the
Investigate effect of X-ray
atoms on gases

Ernest Rutherford found that the atom

is mostly empty space, with nearly all of
its mass concentrated in a tiny central
nucleus. The nucleus is positively
The father of the charged and surrounded at a great
Nuclear Age distance by the negatively charged
electrons
 NIEL
NIEL BOHR
BOHR
-He expanded on Rutherford’s Nuclear Model.
-Stated that the “Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energies and
distances, able to jump from one level to another, but not to exist
in the space between”.

1913
 WERNER
WERNER HEISENBERG
HEISENBERG
-Electrons are in probability zones called “orbitals” not
“orbit” and the location cannot be pinpointed.
-Electrons are particles and waves at the same time.

We can never know both the momentum and position of an electron

in an atom. Therefore, Heisenberg said that we shouldn't view
electrons as moving in well-defined orbits about the nucleus!
 ERWIN
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
SCHRODINGER
-Electrons can only exist in specified energy states

-Orbitals: the region around the nucleus where e-

are likely to be found
SUMMARY

TYPES OF
TYPES OF ATOMIC
ATOMIC MODEL
MODEL
 Get a piece of paper. Divide it into half as many
times as you can. What do you notice? How would
you relate this activity to the concept of atoms?
Luna dissolves a spoonful of
sugar in a glass of water.
She tastes the mixture and it
tastes sweet. Although she
cannot see the sugar, she
knows that it is present in
the mixture. What early idea
of the atom would relate to
this example?