Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Respect For Nature
Respect For Nature
Respect For Nature
The role of philosophy in the prevention of environmental damages is critical examination of the
beliefs that lead humans to inflict damages to the environment. The role of philosophy is to
show the these beliefs are mistaken.
Ang lesson natin ngayon ay nahahati sa dalawang bahagi una ay ang respect for nature na tumutukoy sa
environmental ethics, at angikalawa naman ay ang ‘the role of business’ na tatalakay sa business ethics.
Natural ethics is a branch of ethical philosophy that deals with moral values and principles that are
grounded in the natural world. It seeks to understand and articulate ethical principles that are based on
natural law, which is often defined as a set of inherent moral principles that are discoverable through
reason and observation of the natural world.
Ang natural ethics ay tungkol sa mga moral na prinsipyo at halaga na nakabatay sa natural na
mundo. Ito ay naglalayong maunawaan at maipaliwanag ang tamang at maling kilos batay sa
natural na batas. Sa natural ethics, mayroong mga universal na prinsipyo ng moralidad na dapat
sundin ng lahat ng tao, hindi lamang sa isang partikular na kultura o relihiyon.
Prevention of harm o Pag-iwas sa pinsala - dapat nating iwasan ang mga kilos na nagdudulot ng pinsala
sa kapaligiran at sa iba pang mga tao.
1. Homocentricism
2. Biocentricism
3. Utilitarianism
Homocentricism
Homocentricism is the belief or perspective that human beings are the central or most important entity
in the universe, and that all other living beings and natural resources exist primarily for the benefit of
humans. It is the view that the needs and interests of humans should take priority over those of other
species and the environment. Homocentricism can also be associated with the idea that human beings
have the right to dominate and exploit the natural world, rather than living in harmony with it.
Biocentricism
Biocentricism is a perspective or philosophy that regards all living organisms and the natural
environment as having intrinsic value and deserving of moral consideration and respect. It asserts that
non-human life forms have inherent rights to exist, flourish, and evolve, independent of their usefulness
to humans. Biocentricism emphasizes the interdependence of all living beings and promotes the idea of
coexistence and harmony with nature.
In biocentricism, humans are not seen as superior to other species, but rather as one among many
species, all of which have their own unique roles and values in the ecosystem. This philosophy
recognizes that human activities can have a significant impact on the natural environment and
advocates for sustainable practices that promote biodiversity, conservation of natural resources, and
respect for all forms of life.
Sa biocentricism, hindi nakikitang superior ang mga tao kumpara sa ibang mga uri ng buhay, kundi isa
lamang sila sa maraming mga uri ng buhay, lahat ay mayroong sariling papel at halaga sa ecosystem.
Ipinapakita ng pilosopiyang ito na ang mga gawain ng tao ay maaring magdulot ng malaking epekto sa
kalikasan at nag-aadvocate para sa sustainable na mga praktis upang mabawasan ang pagkawala ng
biodiversity, mag-conserve ng likas na yaman, at igalang ang lahat ng uri ng buhay.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest
number of people. It asserts that an action is morally right if it leads to the greatest amount of pleasure
or happiness for the greatest number of individuals affected by the action. This theory is often
associated with the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, who believed that actions should be evaluated
based on their usefulness in promoting happiness or reducing suffering.
Utilitarianism suggests that the moral worth of an action should be measured by its ability to maximize
happiness and minimize pain or suffering. This can involve assessing the benefits and harms of an action
for all the individuals affected by it, and choosing the option that maximizes overall happiness or well-
being. This theory also emphasizes the importance of impartiality, meaning that everyone's happiness
should be taken into account equally, without any bias or preference based on personal interests.
Sa Utilitarianism, ang moral na halaga ng isang aksyon ay sinusukat sa pamamagitan ng kakayahan nito
na mapataas ang hapiness at mapababa ang suferring. Ito ay maaaring magpapakita ng pagsusuri sa mga
benepisyo at harm ng isang aksyon para sa lahat ng mga taong naapektuhan nito, at pagpili ng opsyon
na nagpapataas ng kabuuan ng kaligayahan o kagalingan. Mahalaga din sa teoryang ito ang pagiging
walang kinikilingan o impartiality, na nangangahulugang dapat isaalang-alang ang kaligayahan ng lahat
ng tao sa pantay-pantay na paraan, walang bias o pagkakalinga sa sariling interes.