PARTICIPLE

“KAta kerja V-ing atau V3 yang berfungsi sebagai Verb, Adjective, ataupun Adverb”

MACAM-MACAM PARTICIPLE

1. Present Participle
a. as Verb
1. Tenses Continuous
E.g.:
 I am studying English

2. After Perception Verb

 See  Observe
 Feel  Leave
 Find  Hear/listen to
 Notice  Keep
 Watch  Catch
 Smell  Look at

E.g.:
 I saw my friend sleeping outside the room

3. After sit, lie, stand, spend, waste

E.g.:
 She sat a her desk writing a novel
 She is standing in front of me smiling beautifully
 I spend my lifetime loving you

b. as Adjective
1. As modifier of Noun
E.g.:
 Boiling water (dalam proses masak)
 Interesting girl
2. As Subjective complement
E.g.:
 She is very Interesting
 He is boring
3. Hasil Reducing atau omitting dari Adjective Clause
E.g.:
 I thanked the woman who helped me
I thanked the woman helping me

c. As Adverb
1. Hasil reducing dari Adverbial clause
E.g.:
 Before he came, I had left my home
Coming, I had left my home (Participle)

 When I was in London, I visited some stadiums

 Being in London, I visited some stadiums

2. Past Participle
a. as Verb
1. Tenses Perfect
E.g.:
 He has done it well
 2. Dalam Passive Voice
E.g.:
 It has been done by him well

3. Dalam Causative Passive

E.g.:
 I have it translated by you
b. as Adjective
1. As modifier of Noun
E.g.:
E.g.:
 Boiled water (sudah matang)
 Depressed girl
2. As Subjective complement
E.g.:
 She is very Interested
 He is annoyed
3. Hasil Reducing atau omitting dari Adjective Clause
E.g.:
 I look at the woman who is helped by me
I look at the woman helped by me

c. as Adverb
1. Hasil reducing dari Adverbial clause
E.g.:
 After it had been pressed, I put it in my cup board
Having been pressed, I put it in my cup board
 After he was forgotten by everyone, he is crazy now
Forgotten by everyone, he is crazy now
 GERUND
“ KAta kerja V-ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda tapi masih memiliki karakter kata kerja”

FUNGSI-FUNGSI GERUND
1. As Subject
E.g.:
 Playing golf is my hobby
 Living with you is my dream

2. As Subjective complement
E.g.:
 My hobby is playing golf
 My dream is living with you forever

3. As object of preposition
E.g.:
 I’m afraid of loving you

4. As Modifier of Noun (yang menunjukkan alat atau tempat)

E.g.:
 Meeting hall
 Living room
 Opening ceremony

5. As Head of phrase
E.g.:
 My smiling is only for you

6. After “Go” yang menunjukkan rekreasi

E.g.:
 Go hiking
 Go shopping
 Go climbing
 Go fishing

7. After “No” yang menunjukkan larangan

E.g.:
 No camping area
 No smoking
 No parking area

8. After certain Verb yang bisa diikuti Gerund

E.g.:
 I enjoy reading book

Note:
 Perbedaan antara Gerund dan Verbal Noun

Gerund Verbal Noun

Tidak bisa dijamakkan Bisa dijamakkan
Building my house is my purpose I have two buildings
Terpengaruh tenses Tidak terpengaruh tenses
Having been called makes me tired I hear someone’s screaming
Tidak bisa diterangkan oleh adjective Bisa diterangkan oleh adjective
Building new house is my dream The new building is mine
 INFINITIVE
A. Bare Infinitive
1. Pada tenses Simple Present
E.g.:
 I study English

2. After Modal
E.g.:
 I can do it

3. Sebagai alternative dari participle yang jatuh setelah Percepcion Verb

E.g.:
 I saw my friend sleep outside the room

4. After Causative active

E.g.:
 I saw my friend sleep outside the room

B. To Infinitive
1. As subject
E.g.:
 To play football is my hobby

2. As subjective complement
E.g.:
 My hobby is to play football

3. As Object of Verb
E.g.:
 They agree to help us

4. After Adjective
E.g.:
 I am glad to see you

5. After certain Verb yang bisa diikuti gerund atau To Infinitive tanpa merubah makna
E.g.:
 I like to go to movie, or
 I like going to movie
(mempunyai arti yang sama)

The verbs are:

 Begin  Start
 Like  Can’t stand
 Love  Can’t bear
 Hate  Prefer
 Continue

6. After certain Verb yang bisa diikuti gerund atau To Infinitive tapi merubah makna

1. Remember/Forget
 Remember/Forget + To Infinitive (Ingat atau lupa melaksanakan tugas atau
tanggung jawab)
E.g.:
I always remember to lock the door
She often forgets to lock the door
  Remember/Forget + Gerund (Ingat atau lupa melaksanakan sesuatu dimasa
lampau)
E.g.:
I always remember seeing Venice for the first time
She will never forget seeing Venice for the first time

2. Regret
 Regret + To Infinitive (Menyesal untuk memberi tahu hal yang jelek atau bad
news)
E.g.:
I regret to tell you that you failed the test

 Regret + gerund (Menyesal telah melaksanakan sesuatu dimasa lampau)

E.g.:
I regret lending him some money. He never paid me back

3. Try
 Try + To Infinitive (berusaha dengan keras)
E.g.:
I’m trying to learn English

 Try + gerund (melakukan beberapa eksperimen)

E.g.:
The room was hot. I tried opening the window, I tried turning on the fan, but it
didn’t help.

4. Stop
 Stop + To Infinitive (Berhenti dari hal satu untuk melakukan hal baru)
E.g.:
I stop to smoke

 Stop + gerund (Berhenti melakukan sesuatu)

E.g.:
I stop smoking

7. Hasil reducing dari complex sentence yang mengandung modal

E.g.:
 I have something that I can eat
I have something to eat

8. Jatuh setelah too dan enough

E.g.:
 I have enough money to buy a car
 It’s hard to believe