21st Century

Literature from
the Philippines and
The World
Rhenmar Armario
Subject Teacher

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 Class Rules
Before you Talk –LISTEN.
Grading System
Raise your hand if you want to Share
something or ask questions. 21st is a Core Subject that follows the Grading
Below :
Be Respectful –Character separates People
from Animals. Written Works (25%)
Study your Lessons Performance Task (50%)
Actively Participate. Quarterly Assessment (25%)
EFFORT COUNTS.
Performance Task Includes a Showcase
Portfolio:
What is a Showcase Portfolio?

At the end of the Semester you will choose your 10 Best Outputs in the Subject and compile
them in a portfolio ( Portfolio means compilation of a student’s works and it can be place on a
clear book, notebook, or folder)

You will have the freedom in the presentation of your portfolio following the rubrics below:

Rubrics : 50% Content, 30% Creativity, 20 % Neatness

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 A. Content Standards

✣ The learner will be able to understand

and appreciate the elements and
contexts of 21st century Philippine
literature from the regions.

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 B. Performance Standards

✣ The learner will be able to demonstrate

understanding and appreciation of 21st
Century Philippine literature from the regions
through:
✣ 1. a written close analysis and critical
interpretation of a literary text in terms of
form and theme, with a description of its
context derived from research; and 2. an
adaptation of a text into other creative forms
using multimedia.
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 B. Performance Standards

✣ 1. a written close analysis and critical

interpretation of a literary text in terms of
form and theme, with a description of its
context derived from research; and
✣ 2. an adaptation of a text into other creative
forms using multimedia.

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 Different Periods of
Philippine Literature (Pre-
Colonial Period (BC-1564)
(Oral Forms)
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“Why study Literature?”

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 A. DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
✣ I. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (BC to 1564)
A. Characteristics
1. Based on oral traditions 2. Crude on
ideology and phraseology
B. Literary Forms
1. Oral Literature
a) Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits among
participants
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 A. DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
Tigmo –Cebu Paktakon – Ilonggo Patotdon – Bicol
b) Proverbs (salawikain) – wise sayings that contain a
metaphor used to teach as a food for
thought etc. Example: Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa.
c) Tanaga - a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing
insights and lessons on
life, is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb, and
thus, has affinities with the folk lyric."

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 Examples of Bogtong

Maliit pa si Nene nakakaakyat na sa Eto na si bayaw dala-dala’y ilaw.

tore. Sagot: Alitaptap
Sagot: Langgam
May ulo’y walang buhok, may tiyan
Kay liit pa ni Neneng marunong nang walang pusod.
kumendeng. Sagot: Palaka
Sagot: Bibe

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 Examples of Salawikain

“Huwag gawin sa iba “Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang
ang ayaw mong gawin gawa.”
sa iyo.”
“Kung ano ang itatanim ay siya ring
“Kung walang tiyaga, aanihin.”
walang nilaga.”

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 Examples of Tanaga

KURAKOT MATAAS PA TUNAY NA YAMAN

Inumit na salapi Itong dumapong langaw Ako ay Filipino
Walang makapagsabi Sa tuktok ng kalabaw Kulay tanso ng mundo
Ay tiyak masisilaw, Ngunit tunay kong ginto
Kahit na piping saksi
Sa sikat na tinanaw. Nasa aking sentido.
Naitago na kasi.

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 Folk Songs
is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes
and aspirations, the
people's lifestyles as well as their loves. These are
often repetitive and sonorous,
didactic, and naive.

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Folk Songs
a) Hele or oyayi – lullaby

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b) Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable per line
poem that are about human
relationships and social entertainment

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c) Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the
livelihood of the people.

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d) Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song

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e) Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for
the dead

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 Folk Tales
a) Myths – explain how the world was created,
how certain animals possess
certain characteristics, why some places have
waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora,
or fauna.
b) Legends – explain the origin of things;
examples are Why the Pineapple Has
Eyes and The Legend of Maria Makiling.
c) Fables – use animal characters and allegory
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d) Fantasy stories – deal with underworld
characters such as “tiyanak,”
“aswang,” “kapre,” and others.

e) Epics - these are “narratives of sustained length

based on oral tradition
Revolving around supernatural events or heroic
deeds.” (Arsenio Manuel)
Examples: Lam-ang (Ilocano), Hinilawod (Panay),
Kudaman (Palawan), and
Darangen (Maranao)
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