Jenna Lee Q.

Valencia, RPh, BSCPS, MS Pharm

BREX Pharmacy Review

1. Polyhedral 2. Helical

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 1

 HHAPy Po PaPa • All are double stranded
• Herpes
• Hepadna • Except PARVOVIRIDAE
• Adeno
• Polyoma
• Pox
• Papilloma
• Parvo
• **Papovaviridae

• Replicate in the PAPPa

NUCLEUS
• ICOSAHEDRAL } Parvo
symmetry } Adeno
} Polyoma
• Except
} Papilloma
POXVIRIDAE
• Complex virus

HeHe Po } Flaviviridae } Coronaviridae

} Astroviridae } Orthomyxoviridae
} Herpes } Togaviridae } Bunyaviridae
} Hepadna } Caliciviridae } Bornaviridae
} Pox } Picornaviridae } Rhabdoviridae
} Reoviridae } Paramyxoviridae
} Retroviridae } Filoviridae
} Arenaviridae

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 2

 • All are SINGLE stranded • All are ENVELOPED EXCEPT:
PAC Ranern Hehe
• EXCEPT:
• Picorna
• REOVIRIDAE • Astro
• Calici
• Reo
• Hepe

• HELICAL capsid symmetry

• Except:
• Replicate in the CYTOPLASM
FlAT Ca Pre
• Flavi
• Except:
• Astro • Orthomyxo
• Toga
• Calici • Retro
• Picorna
• Reo • Remember: RON
• Retro

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 3

 1. Herpes simplex 1 virus
2. Herpes simplex 2 virus
3. Varicella zoster virus
4. Epstein Barr Virus
5. Cytomegalovirus

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 4

 § Infectious Mononucleosis
§ Oral hairy leukoplakia
§ Burkitt’s lymphoma

§ Asymptomatic infection
§ Infections in AIDS patients
§ Cross the placenta

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 5

 § Hepatitis B 1. Variola
§ AKA: Serum Hepatitis

2. Vaccinia

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 6

 § AKA: Wart viruses § Fingers
§ Several types of warts § Hands
§ AKA: papillomas

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 7

 § Erythema
infectiosum
§ “Slapped cheek”
appearance

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 8

 § Poliomyelitis
§ “Polio”
§ Conditions:
§ Asymptomatic
§ Minor polio
§ Non-paralytic (Aseptic Meningitis)
§ Paralytic Polio
§ Bulbar Poliomyelitis

§ Coxsackie A
Virus
§ Hand-foot-
mouth disease

§ Coxsackie B virus § Hepatitis A Virus

§ Viral heart disease in humans § Hepatitis A
§ AKA: Infectious hepatitis
§ Both type A and B: § Transmission:
§ Meningitis, Encephalitis § Fecal- oral route

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 9

 § “Common cold”

§ PiCoRnAViruses Infections:
1. Poliovirus
2. Coxsackievirus
3. Human Rhinovirus
4. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

§ AKA: Norwalk virus

§ Epidemic acute
gastroenteritis

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 10

 § Children
§ Passively acquired antibody
§ Pre-existing dengue antibody

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 11

 § Chimeric Yellow Fever Strain 17D-
Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine

§ live recombinant tetravalent dengue

vaccine

§ First licensed in Mexico, December 2015

§ Licensed in the Philippines: § First Dose: April 4, 2016

§ December 22, 2015 § School Based Dengue Immunization
§ 3 dose series § Grade 4 Public School Pupils
§ 6 months apart § 3 Regions: highest number of Dengue
§ Manufactured by: Sanofi Pasteur Cases:
§ Distributor: Zuellig Pharma 1. Metro Manila
2. Central Luzon
3. Calabarzon

§ Most important § Asypmtomatic

Reservoir: § Mild s/s
§ WILD BIRDS
§ Vector:
§ Culex mosquitoes

SOURCE: http://www.who.int/mediacentr e/f actsh e ets/ zi ka / en/

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 12

 § Vector: Aedes species § Microcephaly
§ Aedes aegypti
§ Sexual transmission

§ No specific treatment
§ No vaccine
§ Symptomatic treatment of pain and
fever
§ Rest
§ Rehydration

§ HIV-1 and HIV-2

§ Targets CD4 T
Helper cells

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 13

 § 95% Male § Top Regions:
§ More than half: 25-34 year age group 1. NCR
§ 30%: youth: 15-24 years 2. Region 4A
3. Region 3
4. Region 7
5. Region 11

§ HTLV1 and HTLV2

§ adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma

§ Rubella
§ AKA:
§ German measles
§ Three day measles

§ Dangerous to
pregnant mothers,
why?

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 14

 1. Corona virus
§ Infection: Common cold

2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome

(SARS) virus
§ Infection: SARS
§ Transmission: Respiratory droplets

§ Influenza virus Type A

§ Causes: Influenza
§ AKA: Flu

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 15

 § Envelope consist of
glycoproteins:
1. Hemagglutinin (HA)
2. Neuraminidase (NA)

§ Undergo constant
mutation

1. Antigenic drift § Gradual accumulation of hemagglutinin

2. Antigenic Shift and neuraminidase gene mutations
within a single strain of virus in a given
geographic area
§ small changes in the genes o f influenza
viruses
§ happen continually over time as the
virus replicates

§ Produce viruses that are pretty closely § Major antigenic change

related to one another § Results from the reassortment o f genes
§ Share same antigenic properties with among different influenza A viruses
original virus infecting the same host cell
§ Immune system can recognize and § Ex: either human cells or animal cells
respond § cells of birds and pigs

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 16

 § Results in a new influenza A subtype or a
virus with a new hemagglutinin or a
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
combination
§ most people do not have immunity to
the new (e.g. novel) virus
§ Can result to pandemics
§ Ex. Swine Flu Pandemic of 2009

§ AKA: Swine Flu

§ Swine Influenza
§ Influenza pandemic in
2009-2010

§ 1997 in Hong Kong § Oseltamivir

§ Avian Influenza § Peramivir
§ AKA: Bird Flu § Zanamivir

§ Also caused by: A(H7N9)

§ 2013 in China

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 17

 § Mumps Virus Measles virus
§ Disease: Mumps § Measles
§ AKA:
§ RubeOla
§ Red measles

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 18

 § GERMAN MEASLES § New Castle’s Disease Virus
§ MUMPS
§ MEASLES

§ Shape:
§ Envelope: Bullet
shaped
§ Capsid: HELICAL

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 19

 § Ebola Virus Disease
§ Formerly known:
Ebola haemorrhagic
fever
§ 2014 West Africa
Ebola outbreak

§ Infantile
gastroenteritis

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 20

 § AKA: Delta Agent
§ Disease: Hepatitis D, Hepatitis Delta

§ Requires co-infection with HBV for its

replication
§ Higher incidence of fulminant hepatitis

§ Proteinaceous infectious agent

§ Lacks nucleic acid
§ Disease: Prion Disease

§ Bovine
Spongiform
Encephalopathy
(BSE)
§ AKA: Mad Cow
Disease

MODULE 6 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY PART 4: THE VIRUSES 21