FORM NO.

SGM-FRM-32 B
SHRI SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ COLLEGE OFLABORATORY MANUAL
ENGG. SHEGAON
PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE: MAGNETIC CIRCUIT DESIGN OF A THREE PHASE
TRANSFORMER
EXPERIMENT NO.: SGM/WIVELE/05/6EP04/04 ISSUE NO.: 00 IsSUE DATE: 01-12-2001
REV. DATE: 01.01.2016 REV. NO.: 02 DEPT. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
LABORATORY: COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE
DESIGN
SEMESTER: VI PAGE: 01 OF 06

Date
MAGNETIc CIRCUIT DESIGN OF A THREE-PHASE CORE TYPE TRANSFORMER

01 Aim:

Determination of core, window, yoke and frame dimensions of a three phase core type
transformer.

02 Scope

Determinations of three-phase transformer design parameters.

03 Facilities:

(i) Computer system and,

(i) C- Compiler

04 Theory:

Transformers consist of a magnetic circuit and it is that part of the transformer in which
magnetic lines of force flows.lt consists of three limbs, two yokes and clamping structures.
Windings are wound on these limbs and yokes are used to complete the flux path.
Materials and construction used for these limbs and yokes are such that the maximum of
flux is produced with minimum value of magnetizing current and minimum loss due to
eddy current and hysteresis produced by alternating flux present in them. Therefore, the
cores and yokes are built up of silicon sheet steel laminations varying from 0.3 mm to
0.5 mm thick with varnish insulation between them. Sheet of laminations with punched
holes are clamped together and bolted to form a mechanically strong cores and yokes
Cores are made up of stepped sections using laminated sheets of different width. Core
dimensions and dimensions of these sheets are given in terms of diameter of
circumscribing circle of the core. The shape of the core section is such that for a given
area of core section, perimeter of the circle circumscribing the core is minimum.
Increase in number of steps
used in construction of core increases its area for the same perimeter of circle
circumscribing the core. However, number of stepped sections generally used vary from
two to fifteen.

Fig.(2.1) below shows two, three, four and five stepped cores. Core dimensions are given
In terms of diameter of circle circumscribing the core and width of largest
stamping.
FORM NO. sGM-FRM-32 B
EXPT NO. 04 PAGENO. 2/6

WS
ws-

Two Stepped Three Stepped

WS. WS

Four Stepped Five Stepped

Fig. 2.1
maximum of two steps to simplify the
rectangular or
10-20 % higher than that of the
Yoke sections are
made about
construction.lts cross section is generally width and length define its
reduction of iron loss. Height,
core for consideration of accommodate windings on
space between two cores to
Window is the open width.
dimension.
are specified in
terms of its height and
its dimensions
adjacent cores and to core and
width length and height and is related
Frame dimensions are given by dimensions are shown below in Fig.
window dimensions. The window, yoke and frame
core,

wf

thy

ww
hf
hw

D
 FORM NO SGM-FRM-32
EXPTNO. 04
PAGENO.3/6
The symbols shown in the figure above represent,
d
Circumscribing circle diameter of core
a,b.c Width of the laminations from largest to smaller
ww= Width of window
hw Height of window
D Distance between core centers

hy= Height of Yoke

dy= Depth of yoke

Wf Width of frame

Hf Height of frame
The analytical expressions for determination magnetic circuit design parameters are
Discussed below.

From Faraday laws of electromagnetic induction,

Et = K* VQ

ai =
et/[ (4.44) *() *(bm) ]
agi = ailsf
(1)
where,
ai = Net cross sectional area of core in m sq
agi = gross iron area of core in m sq
sf= stacking factor
et = Voltage per turn in Volts
f= Frequency in Hz and,

Flux density in Wb/m sq.

bm

core construction, the

values of core dimensions are obtained as,
Considering the type of
(2)
d Ki sqrt (agi) and,
(3)
a (ks) (d),
transformer yields,

equation of a-.sngle phase

Output
x (kw)] (4)
(bm) (del) (1000)
*
*

/[3.33) () (ai)
*

aw

Where, in m sq
Aw Window area
KVA
s Rating in in Amp/ mm
sq. and,
Current density
del factor.
Window space
kw =
FORM NO SGM-FRM32 B
EXPT NO. 04 PAQF NO 4/0
Window dimensions results from
ww sqrt (aw/kr ) and, (6)
hw (kr) x (ww) (d)

where
kr Window height to Window width ratio and,

Consideration of net cross sectional area of yoke equal to net croas aectional area of core
gives yoke dimensions as,

Ay = 1.2"agi (7)
dy a (8)
hy Ay/ dy (9)

where,
Ay Gross cross sectional area of yoke in m sq
dy = depth of yoke
hy= Height of yoke in m.

Frame dimensions are obtained from the considerations of constructional foatures of a three
Phase transformers.
D ww+d (10)
Wf D +a (11)
Hf hw+[(2.0) x (hy)] (12)

where,
D= Distance between core centers in m
Wf Width offrame in m
Hf= Height of frame in m

05 Procedure:

to (12) mentioned in Theory, write a Computer Program in

(A) Considering Esq. (1)
C-Language as per following steps.
declare type of Variables. Use same Variable names as given
Step 1: Write Statements to other variables requlred.
in theory. Use appropriate names for any

Read Specificatlon and appropriately assumed values of

Step 2: Write Statements to Variables.
ratio of Design
Design Variables and
Core, Window, Yoke and Frame dimensions
Step 3: Write Statements to compute
nearest value in meter
convert these dimensions to its
Step 4: Write Statements to
Specification, Input Data and Output Data on Monitor aa
Step 5: Write Statements to print
under RESULTS.
per its Fomat shown

statements.
Step 6: Any other necessary
FORMNO. SGM-FRM-32 B PAGE NO. 5/6
EXPT NO. 04
(B) Compile the Program using alt - F9 Keys.

(C) Remove the Compilation Errors, if any.

(D) Execute the Program using ctrl F9.

-

(E) Enter the data to obtain Results.

06 Results:

INPUT DATA:

Specification:
kVA Rating = kVA
Primary line voltage Volts
Secondary line voltage Volts

Frequency Hz
Primary winding connection=
Secondary winding connection
Flux density = Wb/ m sq
Current density = Amps mm sq

Window space factor =

Ratio of window height to width ratio=

Ratio of net corss sectional area to gross cross sectional area

K=

OUTPUT DATA:

Core Dimensions:
m
Circumscribing circle diameter of core
=

m
Width of largest stamping
Window Dimensions:
Width of window m

Height of window m

Yoke dimensions:
M
Width of yoke
m
Height of Yoke

Frame dimensions:
m
Width of frame
m
Height of frame
FORM NO SGM-FRM-321
EXPT NO. 04
PAGA WO
07 Precautions:

Take the backup of your program.

Do not overwrite other Files of non standard
Use the standard abbravations;
if not, mention the mearning
abbravation used in the program.

08 Abnormal results, if any:

A) Check the following

() Logic of the Program, if any

(i) Entry of Data
(ii) Arithrnetic Expressions and,
(iv) Entry of Arithmetic Expressions.
consult the teacher or instructor
(B) If the Abnormal Results still persists,

09 Viva Questions:
area & net area of core?
1. What is the actual difference between gross
. What is vindow space factor?
3. How flux density should be decided?
material used in transformer?
4. What are the different types of core
construction?
5. Why stepped core is used for limb
affected by core design?
6. Whether transfomer performance get

Bharambe APPROVEO BY: Dr. G, . Paraskar, H.O.D

PREPARED BY; Prof. P, R,