2022-2023

About Company

Electripetal Technologies Private limited which is located at Udayagiri Mysore is a technology

company working towards electrification of Indian mobility.

They develop safe and reliable Electric vehicle charging points for two-wheeler, three-wheeler and
four-wheeler category of EV's.

The main goal of the company is to work towards the safety and to improve green technology for
household and commercial purpose.

The company is funded by department of science and technology govt of India and it is incubated
at IIM-Bangalore.

CHAPTER 1
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DESIGN OF SMART BATTERY SYSTEM WITH FIRE PREVENTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) continues to increase around the world. This is largely due
to regulations related to air quality and environmental issues in combination with consumer demand
and cheaper rechargeable energy storage systems. Furthermore, significant developments have
made these storage systems, especially those belonging to the lithium-ion family, suited for
automotive applications [1]. As more lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered road vehicles become
operational across the globe, their involvement in traffic accidents is likely to rise. As for
conventionally fuelled vehicles, the on-board energy storage system is a risk factor for those
involved in, or responding to, accidents. While the risks associated with conventional vehicles are
well-defined and generally accepted by society; time and education are needed to achieve this
comfort level for LIB powered road vehicles. When it comes to EVs there is a risk that the LIB may
ignite after significant amounts of time after being damaged or reignite after having been
extinguished. This matter not only concerns firefighters, but also those involved in handling
damaged EVs through towing, workshop, scrapyard or recycling activities. This RISE report, part
of current project (No. 45629-1), addresses these and other concerns through a review of available
literature. Fundamental information on EVs and LIBs is presented, and matters related to fire risks
and safety solutions are investigated. This provides a scientific basis to those who seek to develop
their own guidelines and routines for handling risks associated with LIBs in road vehicles. Current
project will continue to investigate and develop relevant risk management routines and evaluate fire
suppression and emergency cooling systems. For the latter, full-scale experiments will be performed
to evaluate if they can enhance safety when integrated into LIBs.

1.2 BATTERY

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained within its active materials directly
into electric energy by means of an electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.

1.3 TYPES OF BATTERY

 Primary (non-rechargeable)
 Secondary (rechargeable)

1.3.1 Primary Batteries

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A Primary Battery is one of the simple and convenient sources of power for several portable
electronic and electrical devices like lights, cameras, watches, toys, radios etc. As they cannot be
recharged electrically, they are of “use it and when discharged, discard it” type.

Fig1.3.1: primary battery

1.3.2 Secondary Batteries

A Secondary Battery is also called as Rechargeable Battery as they can be electrically
recharged after discharge. The chemical status of the electrochemical cells can be
“recharged” to their original status by passing a current through the cells in the opposite
direction of their discharge.

Fig1.3.2: Secondary Batteries

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1.4 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

The energy of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is housed within individual battery cells. Each cell has
one positive and one negative terminal. These terminals are connected to thin metal foil that has
been coated with electrochemically active material. The active material for the negative and positive
side of the battery is referred to as anode and cathode material, respectively. When the battery is
discharged, electricity flows into the anode and out of the cathode, see Figure 10. Depending on the
cell geometry, the current collectors is pressed or rolled together with polymer separators and
submerged in electrolyte. This is an electrically conductive media that allows for lithium-ions to be
transported from one side to the other. The transfer of lithium-ions from one side to the other,
through a separating material, results in chemical reactions that generate an electrical current. The
direction of current depends on whether the battery is discharged or charged. In the case of charge,
it flows from the anode to cathode, see Figure 10. The opposite happens when the battery is
discharged.

Fig1.4.1: -charging and discharging of li-ion battery

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CHAPTER 2

DESIGN OF SMART BATTERY SYSTEM WITH FIRE PREVENTION

2.1 OBJECTIVES: -
 To design battery which can prevent fire
 To create smart battery system
 Compact design
 Should be able to support fast charging

Based on above objectives we have designed the smart battery system with fire prevention, for the
cooling purpose here we use water ethylene glycol as a coolant and it is circulated inside the copper
tubes to cool the heated cells in the battery, and aluminium casing with projected fins are added to
provide extra cooling in the battery.

2.2 DESIGN OF MODEL

Figure 2.2.1 is likely an illustration or photograph that depicts the front view of a device or system
that incorporates a cooling system

Fig2.2.1: - Front view with cooling system

Figure 2.2.2 likely refers to a diagram or image that shows the side view of a device or system that
includes a cooling system

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Fig2.2.2
: -Side view with cooling system

Figure 2.2.3 likely refers to a diagram or image that shows the top view of a device or system that
incorporates a cooling system.

Fig2.2.3: -Top view with cooling system

Figure 2.2.4 likely refers to a diagram or image that shows the arrangement of cells in a battery.

Fig2.2.4: -Cells Arrangement in battery

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Figure 2.2.5 likely refers to a diagram or image that shows a battery surrounded by fins

Fig2.2.5: -Battery is surrounded by fins

2.3 Final draft of model
Figure 2.3.1 likely refers to a draft or preliminary version of a model

Fig2.3.1: - draft of the model

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CONCLUTION: -

Based on above objectives we have designed the smart battery system with fire prevention, for the
cooling purpose here we use water ethylene glycol as a coolant and it is circulated inside the copper
tubes to cool the heated cells in the battery, and aluminium casing with projected fins are added to
provide extra cooling in the battery.

CHAPTER 3
STABILITY ANALYSIS ON SMOKE SENSOR
3.1 SMOKE SENSOR
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.  Smoke detectors
are usually housed in plastic enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about 150 millimetres (6 in) in
diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can be detected either
optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization). Detectors may use one or both sensing
methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect and deter smoking in banned areas. Smoke
detectors in large commercial and industrial buildings are usually connected to a central fire alarm
system.

Fig2.1.1: -smoke sensor

3.2 TYPES OF SENSORS

 MQ-2 Sensor
 MQ-3 Sensor

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3.2.1 MQ-2 Sensor: - MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors in MQ sensor series. It is
a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor also known as Chemiresistors as the
detection is based upon change of resistance of the sensing material when the Gas comes in contact
with the material. Using a simple voltage divider network, concentrations of gas can be detected.

Fig3.2.1:-MQ-2 smoke sensor

Here are the complete specifications of MQ-2 sensor.

Operating voltage 5V

Load resistance 20 KΩ

Heater resistance 33Ω ± 5%

Heating consumption <800mw

Sensing Resistance 10 KΩ – 60 KΩ

Concentration Scope 200 – 10000ppm

Preheat Time Over 24 hours

3.2.2 MQ-3 Sensor: -

Fig3.2.2: -MQ-3 smoke sensor

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MQ3 is one of the most commonly used sensors in the MQ sensor series. It is a Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (MOS) type of sensor. Metal oxide sensors are also known as Chemiresistors,
because sensing is based on the change of resistance of the sensing material when exposed to
alcohol. So, by placing it in a simple voltage divider network, alcohol concentrations can be
detected. Here are the complete specifications of MQ-3 sensor.

Operating voltage 5V

Load resistance 200 KΩ

Heater resistance 33Ω ± 5%

Heating consumption <800mw

Sensing Resistance 1 MΩ – 8 MΩ

Concentration Scope 25 – 500 ppm

3.3CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig3.3.1 :circuit diagram

The smoke sensor contains 4 pins, i.e., VCC, GND, AO, DO. The VCC is connected to the 5v
pin of Arduino, AO pin is connected to the A1 pin of the Arduino as shown in circuit
diagram. The led is connected 11 pin of the Arduino. As the smoke sensor sense the smoke
the led will turn on.

PROGRAM

int smokepin =A1;

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int led =11;

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(smokepin,INPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int firstval=0;
int secval=0;
int smoke=analogRead(smokepin);
firstval=smoke;
Serial.print("firstvalue:");
Serial.println(firstval);
delay(5000);
int smoke1=analogRead(smokepin);
secval=smoke1;
Serial.print("2ndvalue:");
Serial.println(secval);

if((secval-firstval)>=10)
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
}
delay(500);

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RESULT OR OUTPUT

This programme utilises an Arduino board and an analogue pin-connected smoke sensor to detect
smoke. In order to determine if there has been a substantial change, it analyses the sensor values at
two different time periods. If so, it activates an LED.

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