Microbiology/Lecture. 2 Dr.

Ali Sabri

i
Herpesvirus
· All of the Herpesviruses have

* Herpes viruses are large viruses.

structure -
a core of double stranded DNAin the form of a teroid.
exhibit icosahedral symmetry.
and - Surrounded by a protein coat

composition -and has 162 capsomers.

-
The nucleocapsise is surrounded by an envelope derived from
The nucular membrane the infected
of cell.

The envelope contain viral glycoprotein spikes.

5 An Amorphous/asymmetrical structure between the capsid
and envelope is the
egument.

Classification ~ Alpha-herpesviruses: are fastgrowing Cytolytic tend

viruses that
To establish alater infection in neurons.

el HSV and VIV.

> Beta-herpesviruses:are slow growing be

and
may cytomeglic
(massive enlargements of the infected cells) and
become later in
Secretory glands and
kidneys.
ex- CMU (glands/ kisneys).
- HH1-6, HAV. F(lympocytes).

3) Gamma-herpesviruses: infectand become in

latent lympoid cells.

eN- EBU.
~ HHV-8 CKSHV).

Diseases of 1-3- and HSV-2 (simplex virus):

Herpes Viruses
·
Typed infects The Oropharyngeal lesions and Causes
-
HSV1 reacuring attacks of"fever blisters"
-
HSV2
·
infects the genital mucosa
Typee) primarly and is mainly
responsible for genital herpes.
Both
* viruses can also cause neurologic disease.
* HSV-1 is the
leading cause of sporadic encephalitis -110 t

* Both Types can cause neonatal infections thatare often sever.

·
IV:Causes chickenpox (varicella) on the primary infection,
- VIV and establishes laten infection in neurons.

A reactivation the Virus causes herpes zoster (Shingles).

*
Adults who areinfected for the firsttime with Varicella- zoster
virus can develope Serious (Viral Pneumonial.
 . CMV CMr:replicates in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract,
Salivary glands and Kidneys and Presists in lymphocytes.
·CMU causes infections mononucleosis.
an

· nnewborns disseminated cytomegalic inclusion disease.

CMV Also cause:
Congental defects, neonatal hearing loss and
mental retardation.

BU:replicates
I in epithelial cells of the oropharynxand
·EBV Parotid gland and establish laten infection in lympocytes.
⑤
z
18
·
Itcauses Infections mononucleosis and it can induce human
-
serisy, Lymphoproliferative disorders, especiallyin immunocomporomised
paiteints.
~

1 9 11?
8l

· HAV. 6: Infects Tympocytes.

- HHV- 6
- HHV-7 * Typically
acquires in early infancy and causes exanthem subitum

-
HAU D
-
/Vogeda infantum) as well as infections in immuno-

-compromise paiteints.

· HHV-7:also infects T-lympotropic virus.

any specific
· has been
not linked with disease.

·HHV-D:is associated with KapogiSarcoma a vascular

Tummer That
is common in AIDS patients.

other Herpesvirus
· with malignantdisease
diseases
· EBU with Burkitt lymphoma ofAfrican Children,
with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ·b- j'ya
-

, with other lymphoproliferative disorders,

KSAV (HHV-8)
· With Kaposi Sarcom.

Doxviruses:
· are the largest
and of
mostcomplex Viruses

Dox Virus infecting humans.

Infections
· with poxvirus are Charchtrized By rash althouth
are markedly proliferative.
leshions induced by some members of the family

& The grout includes (variola Virus - The exiologic agentof smallpox.

lightmicroscope to be
a / the Virus are large enough seen

Structure as featureless particles.

and Electrone microscope. They appear Brick-shaped or ellipsoid particles.
composition · size measuring/ (300 400) x290
-

nm.

· Complex structure and enveloped.

· Linear double stranded DNA.
 "I g
Dox
I

Virus - Dox viruses among DNAviruses

are unige thatthe entire
multiplication cycle takes place in the cytoplasm of infected cell.
Replication
further distinguished from
· all other animal viruses By thatthe uncoating
step requires a
newly synthesized Virus, encoded protein.

clinical · The Incubation period is 10-14 days.

findings ·

. one
The
to
sudden.
onsetusually
of fever
5 days and
S
malaise preceded the
appearance of
the exanthers which began as macules then a Papules then

& vesicles and

finally -> pustules.

· Theseformes crusts that fell off after weeks, leaving pink

scars thatfate slowly.
in each
A effected area the all atthe same stage of developements

Treatment of
a treatment smallpoxis primally supportive.
Live Vaccinia Virus)
* vaccinia immune globulin has shown
not a Survival benefit
for established disease, is prepaired from Vescular lesion (Lymph)

produced in the skin of calves, or it can grow in chicken embryos.

- contains, 40%
It glycerole to stabilize the Virus.
-0.4% phenol to destroy Bacteria.
Methisazone is chemotheraputic
* a
agenthistorically evaluated

againstDox viruses.

Adenoviruses · Ade uses can replicates and produce diseases in the respiratory
, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and in the eye.

many infections
· are subclinical (j'si, s.).
·
third of 57 serotypes cause disease.

Structure · 70.90 nm and

disply icohetral symmetry with a capsise
and compose of 852 capsomeres.
composition · There is no envelope.
"liber" projecting
·
Unique among icosantral viruses they have
from the 12 vertices or penton base.
·
genome is
DNA Linear and double stranded (26-45K6P).

Classification human Adenoviruses divided groups (A-G)

into

-Bases of their genetic, physical, chemical, Biological properties.

genus:Mastabenovirus

replicates only in cells of epithelial orgin.

Replication
·
Pathogenesis · Infects and replicates in the epithelial cells ofthe respiratory tract,
eye, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract.

* usually don'tseparate beyond the regional lymph node.

Group C viruses presistas laten Infection for years in Adenoids and

tonsils. Shed in feces for many months after the infection.
* The exceptions are serotypes 40 and 41.

Clinical Respiratory
1) diseases.

findings -
symptoms:Cough, nasal congation, fever, love throat.
· mostcommonly in infants and Children.

A group C, Types 1/215- infants.

A Type 3/4/t -> in adults.

B) Eye infections:
-
Mild Ocular
may be
involvement a of
part the respiratory
phageal Syndrome caused by Adenoviruses.

Pharyngo-conjunctival fever occur in outbreaks.

-epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis caused by type 5/19194.

9) Gastrointestinal Diseases:-
caused By Type 40/41 a causes gastroenteritis.

Treatment · There is no specific Treatment.

ISI
PAPILLOMa_ ·
highly tropic for epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membrane.
- VirUS HBV

Pathogenisis · Transmission By Close contact.

surface of papillomatous
· viral released from the lesions.
· micro abrasions allow infection of proliferating basal layer.

· causes infections cutaneous

at and mucosal sites,
↳Leading to differentkinds of wrats, cause cancer.
may

· HBV genital infections are sexually transmitted, represent

the most

common sexually transmitted diseases in The U.S.

·
Cervical Cancer is the second most frequentcancer in women world Wide.

·
Types APV16 and II have high Cancer risk.
Hepatitis · HBV is classified as hepadnavirus (infects infants)

MyPCB ·
is
It a major factor in the eventual developementof Liver diseases
and hepatocellular Carcinoma.

structure. HBV is a small, partially double stranded DNAVirus, Pherical Shape.

and
composition A ABU viron compose of:

2) The outer envelope:HBIAg known as HBV surface antigen

(HBCAg)
2 The core: protein shell enclose genome made of Hepatitis is
core antigen

(HBCASS
· Hepatitis e autigen
⑤The genome

· Incubation period of 50-180) days.

Clinical · Route of infection predominantly parenteral.

findings · hepatis, oused of jundice is often preceded

In Viral by GIT
Symptoms Such as nausea, vomiting, anarexia and mild
fever.
· jaundice may appear, Butanicteric hebatitis is more common.

· Extrahepatic manifestations of Viral hepatitis (HBV)

include a transient serum Sickness, like prodrome
consisting of fever, skin rash and polyarthritis.
* HBV has significantrole in hepatocellular
developmentof
Carcinoma may appear (15-60) years after chronic infections

- for patents
Treatment whith chronic active hepatitis.

·
firstLine Treatment:Pegylated interferon alpha-zaa

· Second Line therapy:Telbivudine.

Smallest DNAanimal virus.In
parvovirus respiratory specimene
· are the

from children With acute respiratory diseases and in

9trol samples.

· Parvovirus B19:Causes erythema infectiosum fifth disease