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Rohit Gorat MPR
Rohit Gorat MPR
TITLE OF PROJECT
HAMMER FORGING WORKING MODEL
Name Of Student : Tokare Rohit Mahes
Class : SYME
Semester : FOUR
Roll No : 45
Enrollment No : 2111710282
Program : Mechanical Engineering
Course : MPR
Subject code : 22446
Name of Teacher : Prof. GUJAR V. D
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
Seal of
Institution
Micro Project Report Index
Academic Year : 2022- 23 Program: Mechanical Engineering
Class : SYME Course : MPR
Course code : 22446 Roll No : 45
Enrollment No : 2111710282 Seat No : 456927
Title of micro Project:
2 Introduction 2
3 Types 3
4 Application 7
5 Advantages 8
6 Disadvantage 9
Co coverage :
a) Produce Job using Lathe and Drilling Machines
Sr.No. Criteria Marks Indicators for different level of Performance (Evaluation Sealed to)
obtained
(out of) Poor(0) Average (1) Good (2)
1. Submission of Project Not Submitted Any Proposal or Project Project Proposal
proposal /Report Thing in Time Report Submitted in &Project Report
Time submitted in Time
2. CO/PRO Attainment Not Attainted Any Attained some CO/PRO Attained maximum
CO/PRO CO/PRO
3. Content of Project/ Not Contains relevant Contains some relevant Contains maximum
Formatting information information relevant information
4. Total Marks (6)
5. Question/Answer(4)
Total (10)
Group Members:
References:
https://smartbear.com
https://www.irjet.net
Comments by guide:
Subject Teacher
Prof. GUJAR V. D
Micro Project Log Book
Week Teacher’s
No.
Discussion & Details Comment
Teacher’s Sign
During the same period in China, the Ming dynasty published a remarkable
book named “Tian Gong Kai Wu”, which documented the technologies of the
Ming dynasty and the dynasty before it, demonstrating the meaning of “the
wisdom of the ancients”. The book also described the structure of a grinding
machine, which employed a similar principle to the European medieval foot-
operated machine. This machine used the pedal method to rotate a metal
plate and utilized sand and water to shape jade.
In 1774, the British inventor Wilkinson created the world’s first true boring
machine, the barrel boring machine.
The barrel boring machine invented by Wilkinson was initially utilized for
forging firearms. In 1775, Wilkinson utilized the cylinder bored by this machine
to construct a new version of Wattner’s leaky cylinder, which met the
specifications required for Watt’s steam engine.
Table of Contents
The machine tool that ‘s used to remove unwanted metals from the work piece
to give the desired shape and size so called ” Lathe machine “.
Lathe machine is also known as “ Center Lathe ” because of two centers
between which the job can be held and rotated.
The main function of Lathe machine is to remove excess material in the form of
chips by rotating the work piece against a stationary cutting tool.
This is accomplished by holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine
and then turning it against cutting tool which will remove metal from the
work.
To cut the material properly the tool should be harder than the material of the
work piece, should be rigidly held on the machine and should be fed or
progress in a definite way relative to the work.
1. Bed 1 . Saddle
9. Feed Mechanism
1. Bed
2. Head Stock
3. Main Spindle
4. Tail Stock
A tail stock is located on the inner guide – ways at the right side of the
bed opposite to the head stock.
The body of the tail stock is bored and house the tail stock spindle.
The spindle moves front and back inside the hole.
It has a taper hole to receive the dead Centre or shunk of tools such as drill or
reamer.
It’s body made up of cast iron.
5. Lead Screw
6. Live Center
7. Dead Center
A dead center may be use to support the work piece at either the fixed
or rotating end of the machine.
Dead centers are typically fully harden to prevent damage to the
important mating surfaces of the taper and to preserve the 60° angle of the
nose.
Types
A lathe machine is a machine that holds the workpiece on a chuck and tool on atoolpost,
the lathe machine rotates the workpiece about an axis to perform different operations such
as turning, facing, chamfering, thread cutting, knurling,drilling, and more with tools that
are applied to the workpiece to design an objectwith symmetry about that axis.
The main function of a lathe is to remove the metal from a workpiece to give a required
size and shape. In a lathe machine, the tool is held, and a workpiece isrotating about an
axis rotation to perform various operations with different tools.The lathe machine is
primarily used to produce cylindrical surfaces and plane surfaces at a right angle to the
axis of rotation. It can also produce tapers and bellows etc. Most suitable lathes can also
be still used to produce most solids ofrevolutions, plane surfaces & screw threads, etc.
TYPE
These types of lathe machines are simple in construction. It has a bed, headstock,
tailstock, and tool post mounted on the adjustable slide. There is no feed box lead screw
or carriage. The tool is mounted on the adjustable slide andis fed into the work purely by
hand control. This characteristic of the lathe machines has a speed range from 1200 to
3600 rpm. The headstock construction is very simple and has only 2 or 3 spindle speeds
available.
Speed lathe machine has less depth of cut. Light force and high speed made this to use
this part woodworking, spinning, centering, and polishing. The namespeed lathe has
been given because of the very high speed of the headstock spindle.
#2 Engine Lathe Machine
Engine lathe is the most widely used lathe machine. These machines are drivenby the
gear mechanism or pulley mechanism. The name engine lathe is given because of the
earlier lathe were driven by steam engines. Engine lathe machine has all the parts
similar to that of speed lathe. Such as bed, headstock,tailstock, etc. The headstock of an
engine lathe is rigid in construction and has got an additional mechanism to get multiple
spindle speeds.
Unlike the speed lathe, the engine lathe can feed the cutting tool both in the cross and
longitudinal direction with reference to the lathe axis with the help of acarriage feed and
leadscrew. These types of lathe machines are still used
in workshops and many industries. It has three types Belt-driven, Motor-driven,and
Gearhead type.
2.1 Belt Drive Lathe Machine
A lathe that receives its power from an overhead line shaft is a belt-driven latheand is
equipped with a speed cone and one or more back gears to get a wide range of spindle
speeds.
A lathe that receives its power from an individual motor integral with themachine is
called a motor-driven lathe.
A geared-head lathe gets its power from a constant speed motor, and all-speedchanges
are obtained by shifting various gears located in the headstock. It has no cone pulley.
#3 Bench lathe
These types of lathe machines are small in size and are used for very small precision
work. Bench lathe machines are mounted on the bench. It has all the similar parts of the
engine lathe and speed lathe. Bench lathe machine performsalmost all the operations of
the engine lathe and speed lathe. Its only difference is in size.
Toolroom lathe machine is the same as that of engine lathe but provides a wide range of
speed. The spindle speed range is from very low to quite high speed upto 2500rpm.
5. Automatic Lathe
In these types of lathe machines, all the work is done automatically. These are the high-
speed heavy-duty, production lathes. In these types of lathe machines,once the tool is
set, it performs all the operations automatically to finish the job.Here the change of
tools and feed is automatic. The single operator can control5 to 6 automatic lathes at a
time.
Lathe machine performs different operations such as turning, facing, taper turning,
knurling, grooving, parting off, electric turning, thread cutting, reaming,etc. Let it take
one by one as follows.
These types of lathe machines are operated with a precise set of design instructions.
A CNC (computer numerical control) lathe is a machine tool thatrotates the
workpiece around the main spindle, while a cutting tool cuts the workpiece into a
desired shape and size.
A simple CNC lathe operates on two axes with the cutting tool in a fixed positionon an 8
to 24 station turret. CNC lathe ensures consistent product quality and does not require
highly skilled operators to operate the machine. On the other hand, CNC machines are
more expensive than manually operated machines.
Application
You may be wondering about the various parts of this ancient machine tool. This section helps yo
Bed
The bed of the lathe machine serves as the foundation upon which all other
Headstock
components are installed. The bed is supported by large box-section columns
and is made of cast iron or a nickel cast iron alloy. The bed itself is mounted on
the legs which are bolted to the ground.
The headstock is mounted on the left side of the lathe bed. Its primary duty is
to transmit electricity to the components. It is a housing for a spindle where a
chuck or live centre is provided that holds one end of the workpiece as it
rotates. Also, it contains a necessary transmission system with levers for
changing speeds.
Lathe Chuck
Chucks are specialised clamps made to hold objects having radial symmetry
such as cylinders. They typically have jaws to secure the workpiece. The jaws
(or dogs) are organised in a star-like configuration with radial symmetry.
Lathe Spindle
Tailstock
Saddle
The workpiece is held in place while it is rotating using a dead centre (not
freely rotated, i.e., dead). There may be friction on the dead centre due to the
It is cast in the shape of an H and installed on top of the lathe. It supports the
rotation of the workpiece when employed in the stationary position. The
cross-slide, the compound rest, and the tool post. Manual or automatic
pointed end of it is placed touching the other end of the workpiece to avoid
feeding is employed to move the saddle.
an abrupt stop in rotation and reduce friction.
Cross Slide
It is positioned on the saddle such that it is perpendicular to the bed. One side
of the cross slide is equipped with a female dovetail, and it is joined on top of
the saddle using its male dovetail. The cross slide hand wheel is turned to move
the cross slide at a right angle to the axis of the lathe.
Compound Rest
The compound rest joins the cross slide with the compound slide using a
tongue-and-groove joint. It supports the cutting tool and tool post during
the drilling of short tapers and shapes on forming tools.
Tool Post
The tool post is mounted on the compound rest and is used to carry cutting
tool holders. The holders are supported by a wedge with a bottom that fits into
a ring with a concave surface. It is attached to the upper slide. The tool post is
positioned on the top of the compound slide to securely hold the tools.
An apron is the front section of a carriage. It includes all control keys. The apron
is made up of split nuts that engage with the lead screw when cutting threads,
as well as gears and clutches for transferring motion from the feed rod to the
carriage.
Leadscrew
Lathe machines are used in many businesses. They can be used for makingsimple things
like cups to making the most detailed parts.
Some models feature CNC capabilities which allow them to be programmed, setup, and
then run automatically. Without any human assistance. They have a wide range of
capabilities for an affordable price. Hobbyists or schools often useit to provide a great
way to get started in turning without breaking the bank.
Here are the main advantages of these machines:
Disadvantages
Some disadvantages should be taken into account before deciding if a lathemachine is the
right choice.
Some of these drawbacks are harder to avoid than others. And may require extensive
research before making any decisions about which model might bestsuit your needs.
Expensive
They are quite expensive. The price range for a lathe machine can vary greatly.This
depends on its type and what additional features it might offer.
Maintenance
Maintenance on a lathe machine is often time-consuming and requires extensive
knowledge of properly fixing the different components. This can makeit difficult for
anyone who wants to learn about turning as a hobby in school.
Loud
Lathe machines make a lot of noise when they are running. They can be difficultto use
in small homes because the noise will bother someone who is close by. Ifyou use them
too often without protection, it can cause lasting damage.