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Pile Group Design and Settlement calculate

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Enas B Altalhe
University of Omar Al-Mukhtar
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 Pile Group Design
and Settlement

Dr. Enas abdalnabi omar

ASSISTANT-PROFESSOR AT CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT AT OMAR ALMUKHTAR UNIVERSITY,
ELBIDA,LIBYA
Elastic settlement of pile
The settlement of a pile caused
by the load carried at the pile
point
The settlement of pile caused
by the load at the pile tip
(Vesic1977)
he settlement of a pile caused
by the load carried by the pile
shaft
he settlement of a pile caused
by the load carried by the pile
shaft (Vesic,1977)
Example
Solution
Table 11.3
Pile Group
Design
 Pile Group Design

• Governed by the sum of the ultimate

capacities of the individual piles, with
some reduction due to overlapping
zones of shear deformation in the
surrounding soil
• Holds In the absence of negative shaft
resistance in cohesive soil
• Reduction in group capacity is done by
multiplying the aggregate capacity of
the individual piles with group
efficiency
Minimum Spacing between Piles
• Stipulated in building codes
• Straight uniform diameter piles – 2d to 6 d
• Friction piles – 3d

• For end bearing piles

• passing through relatively compressible strata, the spacing of piles shall not be less than
2.5d
• For end bearing piles passing through compressible strata and resting in stiff clay 3.5 -d
• For compaction piles 2 -d.
CAPACITY OF PILE
GROUP
Group capacity in Sand
•Feld’s Rule
• Reduces the capacity of each pile
by 1/16 for each adjacent pile
•Converse-Labarre Formula

Block failure of pile groups is

Group capacity in clay
• Failure Modes
Individual failure – spacing about 8d
Block failure -spacing less than 3d
generally a design consideration
only for pile groups in soft
cohesive soils or in cohesionless
soils underlain by a weak
cohesive layer.
 GROUP CAPACITY IN
SAND
CONVERSE-LABARRE FORMULA

Qgu  g Qu

g = pile group efficiency

m = number of columns of piles in a
 n 1m  m 1n group,
g  1 90mn n = number of rows,
θ = tan-1( d/s) in degrees, d = diameter of
pile,
s = spacing of piles center to center.
 GROUP EFFICIENCY
TWO Failure Modes IN CLAY
• Individual pile failure : spacing about 8d
• Block pile failure : spacing less than 3d (d ) =pile diameter

1 2𝑄 2 𝑛1
2𝜂
+1= 2𝑄
𝑔

𝑦𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑢 𝑝𝑢𝑜𝑟𝑔 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑃

 = PILE EFFICIENCY
Q1 = ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY OF SINGLE PILE
QB = ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY OF BLOCK
n = number of piles

GROUP EFFICIENCY IS SMALLER OF THE TWO:

1.  Q1 X n
2. QB
5 10 15
𝑛
 Pile Group Block
Failure
Qgu  cNc Ag  2(Br  Lr )Lc

c = cohesion beneath the pile group,

L = length of pile,
2(Br+Lr) = perimeter of pile group, A g=
sectional area of group,
Nc = bearing capacity factor which ~ 9 for
deep foundations.

NOTE: ONLY HAPPENS IN

CLAY
SETTLEMENT
OF PILE
GROUPS
Settlement of a group is affected by
•Shape and size of the group
•Length of piles
•Method of installation of piles and
possibly many other factors.
Total Elastic
Settlement Settlement Consolidation
Settlement
Settlement For group piles in
sand and gravel, for elastic
settlement, Meyerhof (1976)
 Settlement of Pile Groups in
Cohesionless Soils
• Meyerhof (1976) recommended
the settlement of a pile group
in a homogeneous sand deposit
not underlain by a compressible
soil be conservatively estimated
by the following expressions in
FPS units. s = estimated total settlement in inches
pf = design foundation pressure in ksf = group design load
divided by group area
B = width of pile group in ft
N' = average corrected SPT N60 value within a depth B below
pile toe
If = influence factor for group embedment = 1 - [ D / 8B ] ≥
0.5
D = pile embedment depth in ft
Settlement of Pile Groups in
Cohesionless Soils
Semi-Empirical Formulas and Curves
• Vesic (1977) – single pile, extended to pile group

S = total settlement,
Sp = settlement of the pile tip,
Sf = settlement due to the deformation of the pile shaft.
 Pile settlement : sand

• Qp= point load, • Qf = friction load,

• d = diameter of the pile at the base,
• q pu - ultimate point resistance per unit area,
• Dr = relative density of the sand,
• Cw = settlement coefficient,
0.04 =for driven piles
0.05 =for jacked piles
0.18 =for bored piles,
• L = pile length,
• A = cross-sectional area of the pile,
• E = modulus of deformation of the pile shaft,
• α = coefficient which depends on the
distribution of skin friction along the shaft
and can be taken equal to .0.6
Pile Group Settlement : Vesic
method(1967)

Fg = group settlement factor

Sg = settlement of group,
S = settlement of a single pile.

Curve showing the relationship between

group settlement ratio and relative widths
of pile groups in sand (Vesic, )1967
Thank
you!
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