This ratio gives the value of x or balanced failure and works out to 0.66 for Fe 415 steel.

The
force acting on the section at failure of the section are shown in Fig. 19.7. The magnitude of
these force and their distances from the extreme tension fibre can be obtained as in table 19.1.

TABLE 19.1 MAGNITUDE OF THE FORCES ACTING ON THE SECTION AND

DISTANCE FROM TENSION FIBRE

Force Distance from tension fibre Part in figure

A.) Compression in L-0.416x 1
concrete 0.36fckxt
B.)compression in steel
(taking steel stress as fs)
(i)pxt(1- β )(t) L-1/2x(1-β) 2
(ii)1/2fspxβt L-x+2/3βx 3

B.) Tension in steel

(i) 1/2fspxβt L-x-βx 4
(ii) Fsp(L-x-βt)t ½[L-x-βx] 5

C.) External load on wall 1/2L

pw

The conditions to be satisfied are: pw =C-T and moment of forces about mid-point = Mu

Taking the first condition, denoting areas by numbers/L can be determined as follows:

Pw = 1+2+3-4-5 (as 3 and 4 are equal)

=1+(2-5)

=1-ACDF+2ABEF [from Fig.19.7]

= 0.36 f ck xt−f s ltρ+2 ρ f s tx

pw x fs fs x
= =0.36 −ρ +2 ρ
f ck tL L f ck f ck L

Taking

pw fs 0.87 f y
=λ, ρ =∅= ρ
f ck tL f ck f ck

We get

x
λ+ ϕ= ( 0.36+2 ϕ)
L
 x λ+ ϕ
=
L 0.36+ ϕ

Comparing the values obtained for x/l from eq. and x/l from eq., we get the following two cases:

Case 1. If x/l, then tension failure occurs and the value of the moment Mu (the flexural
strength) is obtained by taking moment of forces about the midpoint. The equation as given in is
code is

MU
f ck tl 2
λ 1
( x x 2
) β2
¿ ϕ (1+ ) −0.42 −( ) (0.618+ )
ϕ 2 l l 3

Where

0.87 f y
β= =0.516 for Fe 415 steel
0.003 Es

Taking the particulars case of x/l <0.5 and neglecting small quantities, we obtain

( ϕλ )( 12 −0.42 xl )
MU
2
=ϕ 1+
f ck tl

Case 2. If x/l > x /l , we have compression failure assuming N.A. within section, i.e. x/l<1.0.
The value of Mu is given by the following equation:

My x x λ
=α 1 −α 2 −α 3−
f ck tl l l 2

β 1
α 1=0.36+ ϕ 1− −
2 2β ( )
ϕ 1
α 2=0.15+ ¿ - )
2 3β

ϕ l
α 3= ( −3)
6β x

For a given value of L, t,ϕ , f ck , f y ,varying x/l, the values of Pu∧M u can be obtained and used for
plotting the interaction curve for the wall.