DESIGN 5 - MAJOR PLATE NO.

2
NEW PASAY CITY HALL
RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted by: Alvarez, Ian Champlon, John Rey Malabay, Kristine Nishioka, Hiromi

Submitted to: Arch. Ma. Vicenta Sanchez

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

he city hall has long been used as the seat of its local government since 1955. There had been constant changes in leadership but the upliftment of the physical form of the city hall was of little concern. Like all other public structures, it should be taken with great care and proper maintenance of its facilities in order to serve the people well. Taking into consideration its existing condition, like dilapidation, cramped office spaces, poor ventiltation and lack of parking facilities and green landscaping all sum up to the need of a new city hall building that will cater to the needs of its increasing population.

II. FUNCTION OF SPACES

Office of the City Treasurer
Advise the mayor, the sanggunian, and other officials concerned regarding disposition of city funds and on such other matters relative to public finance. Take custody of and exercise proper management of the funds of the city. Take charge of the disbursement of all city funds and such other funds the custody of which may be entrusted to him by law or other competent authority. Inspect private commercial and industrial establishments within the jurisdiction of the city. Maintain and update the tax information system of the city.

Office of the City Assessor

A. Major Functions Establish a systematic method of assessment in the manner prescribed and in accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Secretary of Finance; Install and maintain real property identification and accounting system conforming to the standards prescribed by the Secretary of Finance; Prepare, install and maintain a system of tax mapping showing graphically all property subject to assessment in the province, city, or municipality within Metro Manila and gather all necessary data concerning the same; Undertake a general revision of real property assessments within two (2) years after the effectivity of the Local Government Code and every three (3) years thereafter; Make frequent physical surveys to check and determine whether all real property within the locality are properly listed in the assessment rolls; Appraise all items of real property at current market value in accordance with R. A. 7160 and conduct ocular inspections to determine if all properties are assessed properly; Issue Tax Declaration/s covering newly discovered properties and transactions involving transfer of ownership, subdivision/segregation of land into two or more parcels, and/or consolidation of two or more parcels into a single ownership as well as other transactions involving assessment of real property; Enforce uniformly the exemption from real property tax prescribed under Chapter II Section 11 hereof; Apply the appropriate assessment levels prescribed by the Sanggunian concerned; Keep a record of all transfers, leases and mortgages of real property, rentals, insurance and cost of construction of buildings and other improvements on land, and land income for assessment purposes; In case of duplication of assessment on one property, appropriate cancellation shall be made. However, if any assessee or his representative shall object to the cancellation of the assessment made in his name, such assessment shall not be cancelled but the fact shall be noted on the tax declaration and assessment rolls and other property books of records. Preference, however, shall be given to the assessment of the person who has the best title to the property or, in default thereof, of the person who is in actual possession of the property; Eliminate from the assessment roll of taxable property such properties which have been destroyed or have suffered a permanent loss of value by reason of storm, flood, fire or other calamity; or being exempt have been improperly included in the same; Decrease the assessment where property previously assessed has suffered a substantial loss of value by reason of physical

and economic obsolescence; and Increase the assessment where improvements and repairs have been made upon the property subsequent to the last assessment.

B. Other Functions Declare the property in the name of the defaulting owner, if known, or against an unknown owner, as the case may be, and shall assess the property for taxation in accordance with the provisions of Title II, Book II of the Local Government Code, when any person, natural or juridical, by whom real property is required to be declared, refuses or fails for any reason to make such declaration within the time prescribed; Prepare and maintain an assessment roll wherein shall be listed all real property, whether taxable or exempt, located within the territorial jurisdiction of the local government unit concerned, except in cases where the assessors records are computerized and the same are directly and operationally connected to the Provincial or City or Municipal Treasurer in the form of LAN or local area networking; Submit to the treasurer of the local government unit, on or before the thirty-first (31st) of December each year the assessment roll containing a list of all persons whose real properties have been newly assessed or reassessed and the value of such properties, except in cases where the assessors records are computerized and the same are directly and operationally connected to the Provincial or City or Municipal Treasurer in the form of LAN or local area networking; For the purpose of obtaining information on which to base the market value of any real property, the assessor of the province, city or municipality or his deputy may summon the owners of the properties affected or persons having legal interest therein and their witnesses; administer oaths, and take deposition concerning the property, its ownership, amount, nature, and value; Recommend to the Sanggunian concerned amendments to correct errors and inequalities of valuation in the Schedule of Fair Market Values; The provincial, city, or municipal assessor shall within thirty (30) days give written notice of such new or revised assessment to the person in whose name the property is declared, when real property is assessed for the first time or when an existing assessment is increased or decreased; In case the provincial, city, or municipal assessor within Metropolitan Manila Area concurs in the decision of the Local Board of Assessment Appeals, it shall be his duty to notify the owner of the property or the person having legal interest therein of such fact using the form prescribed for the purpose. The owner of the property or the person having legal interest therein or the assessor who is not satisfied with the decision of the Board, may, within thirty (30) days after receipt of the decision of said Board, appeal to the Central Board of Assessment Appeals; The provincial, city or municipal assessor shall make and keep an updated record of all idle lands located within his jurisdiction. For purposes of collection, the provincial, city and municipal assessor shall furnish a copy thereof to the provincial, or city treasurer who shall notify, on the basis of such record, the owner of the property or person having legal interest therein of the imposition of the additional tax; The assessor concerned, upon the effectivity of the ordinance imposing special levy pursuant to Sec. 241 of R. A. 7160, shall forthwith proceed to determine the annual amount of special levy assessed against each parcel of land comprised within the area especially benefited by the public works or improvements to be undertaken and shall send to each landowner a written notice thereof by mail, personal service or publication in appropriate cases; The Provincial/City Assessor sits as Chairman of the Appraisal Committee except in Cities and Municipalities within Metropolitan Manila Area where the Assessor sits as member pursuant to E.O. 329 as amended; Whenever appointed by the Court, the Local Assessor shall act as Commissioner; Annotate in the tax declaration any encumbrance or adverse claims over the subject property; Attend personally or thru his duly authorized representative all sessions of the Local and Central Board of Assessment Appeals and present any information or record in his possession as may be required by the Board in determining the correct assessment of the real property under appeal; Issue upon request of owner or his authorized representative certificates pertaining to, or certified copies of, the assessment records of real property and all other records relative to its assessment, upon the presentation of the official receipt of payment of realty tax till the current year and upon payment of a service charge or fee fixed therefore by the Local Sanggunian concerned; and Exercise such other powers and perform such duties and functions as may be prescribed by law and ordinance

General Services Office

To take custody and be accountable for all properties owned by the City; Assign building or land space to local officials; Recommend reasonable rental rates for city property which will be leased to public or private entities; Maintain and supervise janitorial, security and other related services in public buildings; Collate and disseminate information regarding prices and cost of supplies; Perform archival and record management with respect to records of offices and departments; Perform all other functions pertaining to supply and property management and enforce policies on records creation, maintenance,and disposal; Be in the frontline of general services related activities, such as the possible or imminent destruction or damage to records, supplies, properties, and structures and the orderly and sanitary clearing up of waste materials during calamities; And such other duties and functions as may be prescribed and requested.

Management Information & Technology Services

Primarily be responsible for the transfer of technology to other offices of the Local Government. This office is the network administrator, and is responsible for rendering services relative to software, hardware maintenance, training and data build-up assistance to other LGU offices. Lead team and training assistance and transfer of technology to concerned end-users. Assist in ensuring the needs of the project. Coordinate with proponents implementing team the needs on a) System modification b) Additional programs c) Manpower training d) Out deliverable submission Assist in technically evaluating the systems installed in offices concerned Guide end-users in identifying their system needs Provide the technical services needed by the end-users as in a) Software and hardware troubleshooting b) Assistance in data build-up Monitor the progress of end-users and make recommendations relative thereto Participate in the selection of end-users who shall become the operators of the systems Participate in the Computerization Committee activities Participate in the procedure formulation

Office of the Local Civil Registrar

Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the mayor, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with civil registry programs and projects which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for. The civil registrar shall be responsible for the civil registration program in the local government unit concerned, pursuant to the Civil Registry Law, the Civil Code, and other pertinent laws, rules and regulations issued to implement them. Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with civil registry programs and projects which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code; In addition to the foregoing duties and functions, the civil registrar shall: (i) Accept all registrable documents and judicial decrees affecting the civil status of persons; (ii) File, keep and preserve in a secure place the books required by law; (iii)Transcribe and enter immediately upon receipt all registrable documents and judicial decrees affecting the civil status of persons in the appropriate civil registry books; (iv) Transmit to the Office of the Civil Registrar- General, within the prescribed period, duplicate copies of registered documents required by law; (v) Issue certified transcripts or copies of any certificate or registered documents upon payment of the prescribed fees to the treasurer; (vi) Receive applications for the issuance of a marriage license and, after determining that the requirements and

supporting certificates and publication thereof for the prescribed period have been complied with, issue the license upon payment of the authorized fee to the treasurer; (vii)Coordinate with the National Statistics Office in conducting educational campaigns for vital registration and assist in the preparation of demographic and other statistics for the local government unit concerned; and Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.

Office of the City Health

Take charge of the office on health services, supervise the personnel and staff of said office, formulate program implementation guidelines and rules and regulations for the operation of the said office for approval of the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in order to assist him in the efficient, effective and economical implementation of a health services program geared to implementation of health-related projects and activities. Formulate measures for the consideration of sanggunian and provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in carrying out activities to ensure the delivery of basic services and provisions of adequate facilities relative to health services. Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or mayor as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which the governor or mayor, is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for. Be in the frontline of health services, delivery particularly during in the aftermath of manmade and natural disasters and calamities.

Peoples Law Enforcement Board

Conduct hearings, resolve and decide on cases filed against errings police officers. Establish linkages with other government agencies and initiate contacts will NGOS in the community for a wider network of alliance in the flight to restore order and discipline among the members of the PNP and maintain goodwill towards the church and church oriented groups for moral advantage of the PLEB. Campaign for public awareness and citizens participation to the PLEB through information dissemination by incorporating in the Barangay seminars/dialogues subject matters pertaining to PLEB. Conduct seminars for the PLEB assist in improving the professionalism, restore discipline and credibility among the members of the police force. Attend and host in the conduct of conference-dialogues with other PLEB. Coordinate with the Chief of Police and NAPOLCOM to make the PLEB feel its relevance in maintaining peace and order. Draft possible amendments to existing laws governing the PLEB taking the PLEB experience into account.

Office of the City Administrator

Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the mayor, implement the same particularly those which have to do with the management and administration related programs and projects which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for. Be in the frontline of the delivery of administrative support services, particularly those related to the situations during and in the aftermath of manmade and natural disaster and calamities. Recommend to the sanggunian and advise the mayor on all other matters relative to the management and administration of the city.

Transition Period Conducted inventory of city government personnel to eradicate ghost employees and to determine proper deployment of employees. Coordinated with proper agencies in clearing the City Hall premises of vendors, photocopying machine operators. Coordinated with the General Services Office the inventory of government office equipment and facilities. Civil Defense and Disaster Reaction Unit (CDDRU) Acts as the City Mayors representative to the office of the Civil Defense-National Capital Region and the Metro Manila disaster Coordinating Council (MMDCC)

Spearheaded the conduct of fire and earthquake drills, specifically last July 2000 in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the July 1990 powerful earthquake. This drill dubbed as Project Bilis Sagip was conducted in coordination with NDCC and DECS simultaneously with other LGUs of the National Capital; Region. Together with the Office of the City Mayor spearheaded the preparation and distribution, of relief goods for victims of typhoon Seang last November 3, 2000.

Civic and Sports Organized and oversee the holding of the Inter-Department Sports Festival dubbed as Millennium Games for the employees of the City Government. Coordinated the wake and viewing of the late former City Mayor Pablo P. Cuneta as an official final tribute. Together with the DECS and other agencies organized and oversee the celebration of the Araw ng Pasay. Organize the Boy and Girl week in consonance with the celebration of the Araw ng Pasay. Chaired the selection of the boy and Girl City officials. On Recurring Functions Reorganized the personnel Division to make it responsive to the needs of the Management and employees. Together with the office of the Mayor conducted the planning seminar for Department Heads. Conducted the seminar-workshop on Management and Local Budgeting fro Department Heads Oversee the budget preparation for the year 2001. Prepared the Pasay City Performance Evaluation System for the City employees, which has been neglected by past Administrations. As City Administrator and Acting City Personnel Officer conducted the Performance Evaluation System and Standard Seminar in cooperation with the civil Service commission in preparation for its eventual implementation in the year 2001. Chairs &/or sits in various committees of the City Government such as the bids and Awards, Personnel Selection Board Computerization Program. Handles official communications with outside private and government agencies as per direction of the City Mayor.

Office of the City Legal Affairs

Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide legal assistance and support to the mayor in carrying out the delivery of basic services and provision of adequate facilities Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the mayor, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with programs and projects related to legal services which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for.

Housing and Homesite Regulation Office

Prepare the citys housing programs and implement the same after approval; Represent the office in all meetings, functions and seminars; Sign correspondence of the office; Maintain the productive links and communications with local, national and international counterparts; Other duties and responsibilities that may assign by the undersigned or the City Administrator.

Urban Poor Affairs Office

To coordinates all efforts and functions pertaining complaints, assistance and upliftment of the urban poor. To receive request for assistance and facilitate the resolution of issues/problems brought to the office. To attend to cases on land problems. To formulate strategies, workplans geared towards the upliftment of the quality of life of the urban poor. To implement programs and projects upon approval of the mayor. To coordinate the speedy implementation of the programs/projects of the government and non-government organizations for the urban poor. To conduct research on urban poor related matters.

To perform other functions as may be authorized by the chief local executives.

Pasay City Social Welfare & Development

Formulate measures for the approval of the sanggunian and provide technical assistance and support to the mayor be in carrying out measures to endure the delivery of basic services and provisions of adequate facilities relative to social welfare and development services. Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the mayor, implement the same particularly those which have to do with social welfare programs and projects which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for. The main trust of the Department of Social Welfare and Department, Pasay City Government is to serve the disadvantage individual who are socially, economically and the handicapped sector of our society who were provided the opportunities to develop self-reliance and become participating members of the community, to improve the quality of life of the distressed disadvantaged individuals, group, families and communities in the Two Hundred One (201) depressed barangays. Members of the family are being helped and involved in the helping process of each individual through integrated programs and services thru case management of cases towards upliftment, rehabilitation of clients in the depressed barangay.

City Planning and Development Office

Formulate integrated economic, social, physical, and other development plans and policies for consideration of the local government development council. Conduct continuing studies, researches, and training programs necessary to evolve plans and programs for implementation. Conduct continuing studies, researches, and training programs necessary to evolve plans and programs for implementation. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the different development programs, projects, and activities in the local government unit concerned in accordance with the approved development plan. Prepare comprehensive plans and other development planning documents for the consideration of the local development council. Promote people participation in development planning within the local government unit concerned. Exercise supervision and control over the secretariat of the local development council.

City Budget Office

Prepare forms, orders, and circulars embodying instructions on budgetary and appropriation matters for the signature of the governor or mayor, as the case may be. Review and consolidate the budget proposals of different departments and offices of the local government unit. Assist the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in the preparation of the budget and during budget hearings. Study and evaluate budgetary implications of proposed legislation and submit comments and recommendations thereon. Submit periodic budgetary reports to the Department of Budget and Management. Coordinate with the treasurer, accountant and the planning and development coordinator for the purpose of budgeting. Assist the sanggunian concerned in reviewing the approved budget of component local government units. Coordinate with the planning and development coordinator in the formulation of the local government unit development plan.

Tricycle-Pedicab Franchising and Regulatory Office

The power to issue certificates of public convenience of franchise to tricycles and pedicabs operating within Pasay City: Regulates the number of tricycle and pedicabs units playing and operating within the territorial jurisdiction of Pasay City: Receives applications for issuance of certificate of public convenience and checks the requirements submitted by owners/operators as shown by the Certificate of Registration of motor vehicle: Upon the approval of application, this office shall process and encode in the TRABS system and instruct applicant to pay proper Franchise and Mayors permit fees to the Treasurer Office. Upon payment of the authorized fees the applicants shall present the Original receipt to this office for printing of Mayors Permit. Then applicant gets his claim stub to be presented upon claiming the document

duly signed by the City Mayor and the OIC, TPFRO.

City Information Office

Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide technical assistance and support to the mayor in providing the information and research data required for the delivery of basic services and provision of adequate facilities so that the public becomes aware of said services and may fully avail of the same. Develop plans and strategies and, upon approval thereof by the mayor, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with public information and research data to support programs and projects which the mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for.

City Tourism and Cultural Development Office

Promote and formulate comprehensive effective plan for Pasay City Tourism Development with people participation and cooperation from the private sector and appropriating funds thereof. Forge cooperation between the government, private sector, the NGOs and local communities in the development and promotion of Pasay City as prime city of tourist destination. Formulate a comprehensive and at the same time viable and effective plans for tourism development of Pasay City with institutionalize networking between and among NGOs, LGU and private sector. The creation of the new office can be an additional source of income for the city through the adoption of DOT accreditation standards for LGUs licensing of Tourist related, tourist oriented and other establishments.

Human Resource Management Office

I. ADMINISTRATIVE A. Employees Records/201 Files Keeps employees records, 201 Files and other pertinent forms and documents concerning HR matters. Updates employees 201 Files.

B. Payroll Transactions Prepares Payrolls and Obligation Requests (ALOBS) of Permanent, Contractual and Casual Employees. Prepares Payslips of Permanent and Contractual Employees. Receives/delivers Payrolls from/to different Departments/Offices Delivers validation lists and Payslips from/to different Departments/Offices.

C. Service Records and Certifications Prepares Service Records of Permanent, Contractual and Casual employees and also, prepares Certifications, as requested by employees.

D. Employees Leave Credits Receives and records Leave Applications. Computes, records/encodes, and posts employees leave credits. Computes and deducts Under Time (UT) Reports from different Departments/Offices. Coordinates with different Departments/Offices on matters pertaining to employees leave applications.

E. Daily Time Records (DTRs) Receives, reviews and keeps DTRs of Permanent, Contractual and Casual Employees for Payroll Transaction Purposes

II. RECRUITMENT A. Job Postings Does Budget Preparation and prepares Publication of Vacancies in Government Position (Pasay City)

B. Selection & Screening Procedures/Process Conducts Paper Assessment on applicants papers, conducts Employment Interviews and prepares reports on such for the evaluation of the Personnel Officer. Evaluates employment interview results.

C. Appointment Reviews/evaluates, prepares documentary requirements for employment, and/or issuance of appointments.

III. HR BENEFITS & REWARDS A. Benefits 1. Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) Transacts Official Business at the GSIS Main Office. Encodes, files, and submits employees requests for loans print-outs and computations at the GSIS Main Office. Transmits all documents concerning GSIS matters, emanated from the City Government. Does net confirmations/certifications on employees loans from the GSIS. Provides information and/or answers on employees queries regarding GSIS matters. Follows-up employees requests concerning GSIS matters.

2. Philhealth Transacts Official Business at the Philhealth Main Office, as requested. Attends to the queries and needs of Philhealth members. Assists employees on filling-up Philhealth forms. Follows-up employees complaints and requests on Philhealth matters.

3. Terminal Leave Computes Terminal Leave Benefits and prepares record of computation on such.

B. Rewards 1. Promotion Does Budget Preparation and prepares Publication of Vacancies in Government Position (Pasay City) Reviews/evaluates, prepares documentary requirements for promotion and/or issuance of appointments. Attends to Personnel Selection Board (PSB) and prepares minutes on the result of such.

2. Awards and/or Recognitions Serves as Secretariat on special programs that has something to do with selection of role model employees.

IV. TRAININGS Conducts Training Need Analysis and/or researches and prepares Training Designs/Directives for selected employees. Attends to CSC meetings and other seminars/trainings/workshops and prepares reports on such.

Holds and/or hosts seminar-orientation workshops.

Barangay Action Center

Prepare memorandums or any information related to Barangay affairs ordered by the City Mayor. Supervise in the dissemination of memos and other communications related to Barangay Matters. Handles complaints against Barangay Officials and helps for mediation and possible amicable settlement. Monitor Barangay projects, programs and other activities. Assist Barangays during calamities and other Barangay problems. Suprvise in the evaluation of Barangay Survey and other research data submitted by Field Coordinator. Supervise Barangay mobilization. Maintain records of elected and appointed Barangay Officials. Assist Barangay officials concerned regarding Bond and other pertinent document needed in the Bureau of Treasury. Acts on other matters endorse from the City Mayors office and other Department.

City Accountant Office

The City Accounting Office is tasked to provide fair and accurate financial information to users, particularly the oversight agencies, creditors, officials and employees, taxpayers, donors, and the public. It ensures effective check and balance in the receipt, disposition and utilization of funds and property of the city. It also sees to it that the accounting system is understood and appreciated by the end-users. Prepare and submit financial statements. Certify to the availability of budgetary allotment to which expenditures and obligations may be properly charged. Review supporting documents before preparation of vouchers to determine completeness of requirements. Prepare statements of cash advances, liquidation, salaries, allowances, reimbursements and remittances pertaining to the local governments unit. Prepare statements of journal vouchers and liquidation of the same and other adjustments related thereto. Post individual disbursement to subsidiary ledger and index cards. Prepare journals and the analysis of obligations and maintain and keep all records and reports related thereto. Exercise such other power and perform such other duties and functions as maybe provided by law or ordinance.

Public Employment Service Office

Provide assistance to Pasay residents in acquiring gainful employment. Establish employment training centers in different Barangays for training and upgrading the skills of Pasay resident to be competitive. Network with other government agencies, private companies, NGOs and other organizations in the pursuit of our goal of ZERO unemployment before the year 2004. Undertake programs such as, JOB fair and matching of company manpower needs as against those seeking for employment. Harness the cooperative of Barangay organizations and local govt agencies for the benefits of PASAY residents.

Public Order and Safety Unit

Protect all government installations within the City of Pasay and secure the safety of its personnel. Formulate security and safety policies and employ the procedures in all stationary and mobile operations. Enforcement arm of the City Mayor, implementing all City ordinances pertaining to public order and safety. Conducts surveillance and investigations relative to its operations. Public service and emergency response. Advisory Unit of the City Mayor on public order and safety. Other lawful functions as ordered by the City Mayor and City Administrator.

City Engineering Office

Initiate, review and recommend changes in policies and objectives, plans and program, techniques, procedures and practices in infrastructure development and public works in general of the local government unit concerned. Advise the governor or mayor, as the case may be, on infrastructure, public works, and other engineering matters. Administer, coordinate, supervise and control the construction, maintenance, improvement and repair of roads, bridges and other engineering and public works projects of the local government unit concerned. Provide engineering services to the local government unit concerned, including investigation and survey, engineering designs, feasibility studies and project management. In the case of the provincial engineers, exercise technical supervision over all engineering offices of component cities and municipalities.

City Cooperative Development Office

Formulate measures for the consideration of the sanggunian and provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and provision of facilities through the development of cooperatives, and in providing access to such services and facilities. Develop plans and strategies and upon approval thereof by the governor or mayor, as the case may be, implement the same, particularly those which have to do with the integration of cooperatives principles and methods in programs and projects which the governor or mayor is empowered to implement and which the sanggunian is empowered to provide for under this Code.

City Secretariat, Achives and Records

Attend meeting of the sanggunian and keep a journal of its proceedings. Keep the seal of the local government unit and affix the same with his signature to all ordinance resolutions, and other official acts of the sanggunian and present the same to the presiding officer for his signature. Forward to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, for approval, copies of ordinances enacted by the sanggunian and duly certified by the presiding officer, in the manner provided in Section 54 under Book 1 of this Code. Forward to the sanggunian panlungsod or bayan concerned, I the case of the sanggunian barangay, and to the sanggunian panlalawigan concerned, in the case of the sanggunian paglungsod of component cities or sanggunian bayan, copies of duly approved ordinance, in the manner provided in Sections 56 and 57 under Book 1 of this Code. Furnish, upon request of any interested party, certified copies of records of public character in his custody, upon payment to the treasurer of such fees as may be prescribed by ordinance. Record in a book kept for the purpose, all ordinances and resolutions enacted or adopted by the sanggunian, with the dates of passage and publications thereof. Keep his office and all non-confidential records therein open to the public during the usual business hours. Translate into the dialect used by the majority of the inhabitants all ordinances and resolutions immediately after their approval, and cause the publication of the same together with the original version in the manner provided under this Code. Take custody of the local archives and, where applicable, the local library and annually account for the same; and 10. Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions, as may be prescribed by law or ordinance relative to his position. Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for an efficient and effective city government. Generate and maximize the use of resources and revenues for the development plans, program objectives and priorities of the city as provided for under Section 18 of this Code, with particular attention to agro-industrial development and city-wide growth and progress, and relative thereto. Subject to the provisions of Book II of this Code, enact ordinances granting franchises and authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, upon such conditions and for such purposes intended to promote the general welfare of the inhabitants of the city and pursuant to this legislative authority. Regulate activities relative to the use of land building and structures within the city in order to promote the general welfare and for said purpose.

Liga ng mga Barangay

Support for the total development of the Barangay.

Continuing education for meaningful participation in community. Create gainful employment through the building of entrepreneur/investor-friendly community climate. Promote the welfare of Barangay officials. Forge linkages and partnerships for the well-being of the barangays. Foster stronger ties between Barangay and citizens/ peoples welfare.

III. S ITE LOCATION AND STUDIES

he site is located on EDSA cor. Diosdado Macapagal Blvd. at the reclamation area of Bay City in Pasay. It is near the SM Central Business park, in which the SM Mall of Asia, the fourth largest mall in the world, is located.

T T

Pasay City
he City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the Philippines. It is bordered on the north by the countrys capital, Manila, to the northeast by Makati City, to the east by Taguig City, and Paraaque City to the south. Pasay City was one of the original four cities of Metro Manila. Due to its proximity to Manila, it quickly became an urban town during the American Period. In terms of area, Pasay City is the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region. It is adjacent to the City of Manila and is bounded to the south by Paraaque, to the northeast by Makati and Taguig and to the west by Manila Bay. The city is located at latitude 14 32 and longitude 121 00. The City has a total land area of 18.50 square kilometers of which 5.5050 square kilometer is the City proper, 9.5 square kilometers is being occupied by the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which include the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the Villamor Air Base and the rest of the reclamation area with 4.00 square kilometers. Thus, among the local government in the region, Pasay has the greater area devoted to utilities covering 51.35% of its total land area or 9.50 square kilometers. The City is known for its entertainment - business-restaurants, coffee shops, and clubs, particularly those located along Roxas Boulevard, facing Manila Bay. A large part of Metro Manilas tourist belt is located in the City. Pasay is composed of seven (7) districts, divided into twenty (20) Zones, with a total of 201 Barangays. Zone 19, Covering Barangays 178 and 191, is the largest among the zones with an area of 5.10 square kilometers. Zone 1, on the other hand, is the smallest covering Barangays 1 to 3 and 14 to 17 with an area of 100,000 square meters (0.1 km.). Most of the attractions in the city are on the CCP (Cultural Center of the Philippines) Complex, on which the massive main CCP building, Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas (formerly Folk Arts Theater), Manila Film Center, Coconut Palace, Product Development and Design Center of the Philippines (PDDCP), Philippine Trade Training Center (PTTC), World Trade Center-Metro Manila (WTCMM), Cuneta Astrodome, and theme parks such as Star City, Nayong Pilipino, and Boom na Boom are all located. Terminal 2 and the recently opened Terminal 3 of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, as well as the terminal of the Manila Domestic Airport is located

in Pasay City. Villamor Airbase of the Philippine Air Force is also located here. Other national government offices could be found in Pasay: Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), Senate of the Philippines, the Philippine Department of Trade and Industrys export promotions agency - the Center for International Trade Expositions and Missions (CITEM) - located in the International Trade Complexs Golden Shell Pavilion, and the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA). The main office of the Philippine National Bank, led by its president taipan Lucio Tan, is located in the City. Pasay City is home to the headquarters of the SM Group of Companies and the SM Mall of Asia which opened on May 21, 2006. Also interesting is a budding strip of restaurants at the corner of EDSA Extension and Pres. Diosdado Macapagal Ave. It will also be the house of booming call center business industry in the Philippines due to vast land space available located in the reclamation area.

Bay City
ay City is the name for the reclamation area located east of Roxas Boulevard on Manila Bay in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The area is split between Pasay City on the north side and Paraaque City on the south side. The initial plan was to reclaim 3,000 hectare on land in Manila Bay. The project was begun by Imelda Marcos in 1977, with the creation of the Public Estate Authority to manage the project. By the end of the Marcos rule in 1986, 660 hectare had been reclaimed. The area is most well known for being home to the SM Mall of Asia, billed as the largest mall in Southeast Asia. Although the PEA advertises Bay City as the new business capital of Manila, development is proceeding slowly. The main major road in this area is Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard. It will be also became a location for the future PAGCOR City with casinos in Las Vegas-style, shopping malls, amusement parks, theaters, hotels, business offices, residential buildings and resorts. The project is under Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) owned by the Philippine government.

Reclamation Area and Land Reclamation

he term land reclamation is used to describe two different activities. In the first sense, land reclamation involves modifying wetlands or waterways to convert them into usable land, usually for the purpose of development. Land reclamation can also be a process in which damaged land is restored to its natural state. In both cases, the term is used to refer to some sort of process which is designed to fundamentally alter the characteristics of a piece of land to achieve a desired end goal. The practice of filling in wetlands and waterways to make more land is ancient. Humans tend to settle near water, since they need water to survive, and because waterways can be used as a method of transportation for people and goods. As human settlements grow, the pressure on the existing land also grows, and people may start to expand outwards by filling in the surrounding area. Land reclamation has historically been accomplished with garbage and other landfill material, making reclaimed areas highly unstable and prone to developing sinkholes. Reclaimed land can also be quite expensive, since it is located close to the water in areas which are appealing to many settlers. People may be willing to pay a premium for reclaimed land, especially if they used to live and do business by the shoreline and the land reclamation has pushed their property inland. In some regions of the world, land reclamation happened so long ago that people are not aware that they are living and doing business on land which was created by artificial means.

Environmental Impact
Draining wetlands for ploughing, for example, is a form of habitat destruction. In some parts of the world, new reclamation projects are restricted or no longer allowed, due to environmental protection laws. Dangers in a Reclamation Area Since in land reclamation involves dumping of soil into wetlands to be used for development, if the soil is not fully settled

and is not hard enough to support a structure, it is susceptible to the dangerous effects of earthquake and liquefaction.

Site Hazards

ocated at the reclamation area near Manila Bay at Pasay City, the site poses some hazards and threats to a structure that will be built there. Some of those hazards are earthquake, liquefaction, tsumanis, storms, etc.

Earthquake
Faults and trenches surrounding the site may trigger an earthquake which will be felt depending on the distance of the focus and the magnitude of the earthquake. Some of the faults and trenches that may affect the site are the East and West Marikina Valley Fault System (which they say is now ripe for movement), the Lubang Fault and the Manila Trench. Earthquakes may cause ground rupture, soil liquefaction among others, which may cause damage to the stucture built in the area. Liquefaction Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid. In a reclamation area, this may become a major problem especially during strong earthquakes. According to the mapping of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the site is of moderate hazard to soil liquefaction.

IV. GUIDELINES AND STRATEGIES IN DESIGN Disaster Mitigation

Earthquake Resistant Structures
To be earthquake proof, buildings, structures and their foundations need to be built to be resistant to sideways loads. The lighter the building is, the less the loads. This is particularly so when the weight is higher up. Where possible the roof should be of light-weight material. If there are floors and walls and partitions, the lighter these are the better, too. If the sideways resistance is to be obtained from walls, these walls must go equally in both directions. They must be strong enough to take the loads. They must be tied in to any framing, and reinforced to take load in their weakest direction. They must not fall apart and must remain in place after the worst shock waves so as to retain strength for the after shocks. If the sideways resistance comes from diagonal bracing then it must also go equally all round in both directions. Where possible, it should be strong enough to accept load in tension as well as compression: the bolted or welded connections should resist more tension than the ultimate tension value of the brace (or well more than the design load) and it should not buckle with loads well above the design load. And the loads have got to go down to ground in a robust way. If the sideways load is to be resisted with moment resisting framing then great care has to be taken to ensure that the joints are stronger than the beams, and that the beams will fail before the columns, and that the columns cannot fail by spalling if in concrete. Again the rigid framing should go all around, and in both directions. If the building earthquake resistance is to come from moment resisting frames, then special care should be taken with the foundation-to-first floor level. If the requirement is to have a taller clear height, and to have open holes in the walls, then the columns at this level may have to be much stronger than at higher levels; and the beams at the first floor, and the columns from ground to second floor, have to be able to resist the turning loads these columns deliver to the frame. Alternatively, and preferably, the columns can be given continuity at the feet. This can be done with fixed feet with many bolts into large foundations, or by

having a grillage of steel beams at the foundation level able to resist the column moments. Such steel grillage can also keep the foundations in place. If the beams in the frame can bend and yield a little at their highest stressed points, without losing resistance, while the joints and the columns remain full strength, then a curious thing happens: the resonant frequency of the whole frame changes. If the building was vibrating in time with shock waves, this vibration will tend to be damped out. This phenomenon is known as plastic hingeing and is easily demonstrated in steel beams, though a similar thing can happen with reinforced concrete beams as long as spalling is avoided. All floors have to be connected to the framing in a robust and resilient way. They should never be able to shake loose and fall. Again all floors should be as light as possible. They should go all round each column and fix to every supporting beam or wall, in a way that cannot be shaken off. One way of reducing the vulnerability of big buildings is to isolate them from the floor using bearings or dampers, but this is a difficult and expensive process not suitable for low and medium rise buildings and low cost buildings (though it may be a good technique for Downtown Tokyo). Generally it is wise to build buildings that are not too high compared to their width in Earthquake areas, unless special precautions are taken. Base Isolation It is easiest to see this principle at work by referring directly to the most widely used of these advanced techniques, which is known as base isolation. A base isolated structure is supported by a series of bearing pads which are placed between the building and the buildings foundation. A variety of different types of base isolation bearing pads have now been developed. For our example, well discuss leadrubber bearings. These are among the frequentlyused types of base isolation bearings. A leadrubber bearing is made from layers of rubber sandwiched together with layers of steel. In the middle of the bearing is a solid lead plug. On top and bottom, the bearing is fitted with steel plates which are used to attach the bearing to the building and foundation. The bearing is very stiff and strong in the vertical direction, but flexible in the horizontal direction. Spherical Sliding Isolation Systems As we said earlier, leadrubber bearings are just one of a number of different types of base isolation bearings which have now been developed. Spherical Sliding Isolation Systems are another type of base isolation. The building is supported by bearing pads that have a curved surface and low friction. During an earthquake, the building is free to slide on the bearings. Since the bearings have a curved surface, the building slides both horizontally and vertically. The force needed to move the building upwards limits the horizontal or lateral forces which would otherwise cause building deformations. Also, by adjusting the radius of the bearings curved surface, this property can be used to design bearings that also lengthen the buildings period of vibration. Plan of building (i) Symmetry: The building as a whole or its various blocks should be kept symmetrical about both the axes. Asymmetry leads to torsion during earthquakes and is dangerous. Symmetry is also desirable in the placing and sizing of door and window openings, as far as possible. (ii) Regularity: Simple rectangular shapes behave better in an earthquake than shapes with many projections. Torsional effects of ground motion are pronounced in long narrow rectangular blocks. Therefore, it is desirable to restrict the length of a block to three times its width.

If longer lengths are required two separate blocks with sufficient separation in between should be provided. (iii) Separation of Blocks: Separation of a large building into several blocks may be required so as to obtain symmetry and regularity of each block. For preventing hammering or pounding damage between blocks a physical separation of 3 to 4 cm throughout the height above the plinth level will be adequate as well as practical for upto 3 storeyed buildings. The separation section can be treated just like expansion joint or it may be filled or covered with a weak material which would easily crush and crumble during earthquake shaking. Such separation may be considered in larger buildings since it may not be convenient in small buildings. (iv) Simplicity: Ornamentation involving large cornices, vertical or horizontal cantilever projections, fascia stones and the like are dangerous and undesirable from a seismic viewpoint. Simplicity is the best approach. Where ornamentation is insisted upon, it must be reinforced with steel, which should be properly embedded or tied into the main structure of the building. Note: If designed, a seismic coefficient about 5 times the coefficient used for designing the main structure should be used for cantilever ornamentation. (v) Enclosed Area: A small building enclosure with properly interconnected walls acts like a rigid box since the earthquake strength which long walls derive from transverse walls increases as their length decreases. Therefore structurally it will be advisable to have separately enclosed rooms rather than one long room. For unframed walls of thickness t and wall spacing of a, a ratio of a/t = 40 should be the upper limit between the cross walls for mortars of cement sand 1:6 or richer, and less for poor mortars. For larger panels or thinner walls, framing elements should be introduced. (vi) Separate Buildings for Different Functions: In view of the difference in importance of hospitals, schools, assembly halls, esidences, communication and security buildings, etc., it may be economical to plan separate blocks for different functions so as to affect economy in strengthening costs.

Liquefaction Mitigation
There are basically three possibilities to reduce liquefaction hazards when designing and constructing new buildings or other structures as bridges, tunnels, and roads. Avoid Liquefaction Susceptible Soils The first possibility, is to avoid construction on liquefaction susceptible soils. There are various criteria to determine the liquefaction susceptibility of a soil. By characterizing the soil at a particular building site according to these criteria one can decide if the site is susceptible to liquefaction and therefore unsuitable for the desired structure. Build Liquefaction Resistant Structures If it is necessary to construct on liquefaction susceptible soil because of space restrictions, favorable location, or other reasons, it may be possible to make the structure liquefaction resistant by designing the foundation elements to resist the effects of liquefaction. Shallow foundation Aspects - It is important that all foundation elements in a shallow foundation is tied together to make the foundation move or settle uniformly, thus decreasing the amount of shear forces induced in the structural elements resting upon the foundation. The photo to the right shows a house wall under construction in Kobe, Japan. The well-reinforced perimeter and interior wall footings are tied together to enable them to bridge over areas of local settlement and provide better resistance against soil movements. A stiff foundation mat is a good type of shallow foundation, which can transfer loads from locally liquefied zones to adjacent stronger ground. Buried

utilities, such as sewage and water pipes, should have ductile connections to the structure to accommodate the large movements and settlements that can occur due to liquefaction. The pipes in the photo connected the two buildings in a straight line before the earthquake. Deep foundation Aspects - Liquefaction can cause large lateral loads on pile foundations. Piles driven through a weak, potentially liquefiable, soil layer to a stronger layer not only have to carry vertical loads from the superstructure, but must also be able to resist horizontal loads and bending moments induced by lateral movements if the weak layer liquefies. Sufficient resistance can be achieved by piles of larger dimensions and/or more reinforcement. It is important that the piles are connected to the cap in a ductile manner that allows some rotation to occur without a failure of the connection. If the pile connections fail, the cap cannot resist overturning moments from the superstructure by developing vertical loads in the pile.

Improve the Soil The third option involves mitigation of the liquefaction hazards by improving the strength, density, and/or drainage characteristics of the soil. This can be done using a variety of soil improvement techniques.

City Hall and Civic Architecture

Dos: 1. Locate the city hall where it will be most convenient and if possible where land values are reasonable. 2. Be prepared to provide the architect with information on departments to be housed, the number of employees, types of furnishings and equipment, and special requirements such as vault and storage space. 3. Provide ample off-street parking space for both employees and the public. 4. Put most or all city department headquarters in the city hall. S. Provide for structural expansion end flexibility in office layout. 6. Plan the city hall from the inside out with emphasis on work flow, convenience to the public, and convenience for employees. 7. Provide for the comfort and efficiency of employees with controlled ventilation and adequate lighting. 8. Provide for employee lounges and rest rooms. 9. Use materials, construction, and furnishings which make the city hall easy to maintain. 10 . Provide open, unobstructed counters for transactions with the public. Donts: 1 . Dont locate in an area of declining property values except when part of a comprehensive urban renewal program. 2. Dont try to remodel an old post office, school building, convention hall, or other building designed for some other special

use.

3. Dont forget that the city hall is an office building, not a monument or an ornament. 4. Dont underestimate space needs; the average commercial office building lasts 67 years. S. Dont tie up valuable space with indoor pistol ranges, drive-through garages, private exits, wide corridors, and other gadgets. 6. Dont cut up the city hall into cubbyholes for minor officials. 7. Dont build the city hall over two stories in height If at all possible.

8. Dont let the public come In contact with police or criminal activities. 9. Dont provide in the main lobby any facilities, such as a cigar and soft drink stand, which encourage loitering. Layout, Design, and Construction Features General Building Layout Building arrangement is the next step in planning a city hall . It is helpful as a starting point to use the following checklist of departments, offices, special-purpose rooms, and service areas in analyzing interior building requirements: 1. Departments requiring constant contact with the general public and the collection or payment of money-for example, the finance department and tax collector 2. Departments requiring contact with special classes of the public-for example, cityowned utilities, building permits, personnel, city planning, and city clerk 3 . Other departments including public works, recreation, police, fire, etc. 4 . City council chamber and office space for use by the mayor and councilmen 5 . Offices for the chief administrator 6. Courtrooms 7 . Storage vaults and record rooms 8 . Locker rooms, rest rooms, janitor closets, public telephones, and space for heating, ventilating, plumbing, and electrical equipment 9. Circulating areas for lobbies, corridors, elevators, and stairways The relationship of one room or functional area to another is important. No room exists by itself, and many of the problems of living in a building arise from the neglect of this fact. Departments related in function should be located near one another and consecutive operations planned in production-line style. Excessive lobbies and hall space add to the cost of construction without adding usable space. The height of the building will depend upon the amount of ground available and the amount of office space needed. Land generally is cheaper than additional height. Taller buildings are more difficult to maintain and require more planning of the interior to get related functions on adjacent floors. Also any city building of more than two floors should have an elevator, especially if the public has any great use of the top floor. Provision for a full basement housing general offices is not often made in now city office buildings. Most professional organizations advise against locating general offices in the basement. The basement can be used for storage and service activities such as duplicating, receiving and shipping rooms, heating and airconditioning equipment, and central switchboard. Departmental layout Departmental layout will depend on the activities carried by the department and the tools or special equipment use. For example, a finance department layout may require an open area for accounting clerks and collectors with one or two private offices, a machine room and a vault. The public works department, on the other hand, may require private offices for the director, engineer, and individual inspectors, a drafting room, a vault, a map or plan room,, and conference rooms. Private Offices More space is required for private offices; space utilization is restricted. Certain conditions justify private offices. First, transactions of a confidential nature require private facilities. Second privacy is often desirable not so much because of the confidential nature of the work, but because of the number of persons interviewed or because the work is of independent nature which requires more quiet and privacy than the open office will allow. Chief Administrators Office It should be located so as to give the impression of being easily reached and open to any caller, but it should not be too

prominent. The second floor ordinarily is a good location is since some effort must be expended to visit it, and the casual or merely curious individual is less likely to intrude. The administrators office should be large enough for meetings of departments heads unless a conference room adjoins his office. A conference table that will accommodate up to 12 people is desirable. Space should be provided adjacent to the administrators office for a secretary and one or more assistants, depending on the size of the city. The secretarys office would also serve as a reception room for people who call on the administrator. Council Members The council meeting room should be carefully planned if full use is to be made of it. Location of the council chamber is important because of the public nature of the business transacted there. Most of the cities with multistoried buildings have located the council room on the first or second floor. The offices located near or around the council chamber are usually those of the city clerk, city attorney, and city manager. Small meeting rooms and an office for the mayor and councilmen may be located nearby. In most cities surveyed, councilmen sit at separate desks or at a semicircular table, the open end of which faces the citizens. In only a few cities do the councilmen have their backs to the public. The mayor usually sits in the center flanked by the manager, clerk, and attorney. The council table often is put on a dais 18 in or 2 ft above the main floor. It is well to plan the council chamber so that it also can be used for other purposes. In many cities it is used as a general courtroom for public hearings held by city agencies, as a meeting room for the city planning or zoning commission, for general conferences, and as a public meeting room. Finance Activities The collection activities of the finance department have more contact with the public than any other municipal activity with the possible exception of the police and building departments. A prominent location near the front entrance is therefore desirable Avoidance of cubbyholes for separate functions and provision for a large work area enhance the appearance of the building and give the impression of a well-planned and efficient layout. Collection functions should be located near the public counter with billing, assessing, accounting, budgeting, and purchasing at a greater distance. These activities should be so grouped and arranged that the supervisor can observe the work of all his employees. A drive-in collection window should be provided where possible. A separate, soundproofed machine room should be provided where machines are used in accounting or billing. Acoustical ceilings and walls, thermopane glass partitions, and carpeted floors will absorb much of the machine noise and make for more efficient working conditions in the general office. A vault for safekeeping of records should be provided unless one is provided near by in the city clerks office. Design of the City Hall The city hall is essentially an office building, not a monument or an ornament. The building should be so designed as to be economical in construction and maintenance. True long-range economy is achieved by a judicious balance between original cost and maintenance cost. A building with cheap materials and equipment for the sake of low first cost may be quite expensive in maintenance and replacement. Even though the city hall should be basically functional and not a monument, originality in design is not precluded. Maximum Height of Buildings and Increases The maximum height and number of stories of every building shall be dependent upon the character of the occupancy and the type of construction, and shall not exceed the limits determined by population density, building bulk, widths of streets, and car parking requirements. The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface, provided that the

height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00 meters (10 feet): Except, That towers, spires, and steeples, erected as a part of a building and not used for habitation or storage, are limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or may extend not to exceed 6.00 meters (19 feet, 8 inches) above the height limits for each occupancy group if of combustible materials. Percentage of Site Occupancy The maximum site occupancy shall be governed by the use, type of construction, and height of the building, and the use, area, nature and location of the site, subject to the provisions of local zoning requirements and in accordance with rules and regulations set forth by the Secretary. Minimum Size of Courts and Their Least Dimensions The minimum size of courts and their least dimensions shall be dependent upon the use, type of construction, and height of the building subject to the requirements set forth by the Secretary: Provided, That in no case shall be the minimum horizontal dimension of courts be less than 2.00 meters (6 feet, 7 inches). All inner courts shall be connected to a street or yard, either by a passageway with a minimum width of 1.20 meters (4 feet) or by a door through a room or rooms. Ceiling Heights Habitable rooms, bathrooms, toilet rooms, storage rooms, and utility rooms shall have a ceiling height of not less than 2.40 meters (8 feet), measured from the floor to the ceiling: Provided, That for buildings of more than one story, the minimum ceiling height of the first story shall be 2.70 meters (9 feet) and 2.40 meters (8 feet) for the second story, and succeeding stories. Garages shall have an unobstructed headroom clearance of not less than 2.10 meters (7 feet) above the finished floor. Minimum Size of Rooms and Their Least Dimensions (a) The minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows: 6:00 square (65 square feet) with at least nominal dimension of 2.00 meters (6 feet 7 inches) for rooms for human habitation; 3.00 square meters (32 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 1.50 meters (5 feet) for kitchens; and 1.20 square meters (12 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 0.90 meter (3 feet) for bathrooms. Minimum Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms The following minimum air spaces shall be provided: For school rooms: 3.00 meters (106 cubic feet) with 1.00 square meter (10.7 square feet) of floor area per person. For workshops, factories, and offices: 10.00 cubic meters (354 cubic feet) or air space per person at daytime and 14.00 cubic meters (494 cubic feet) of air space per person at night time. For habitable rooms: 14.00 cubic meters (494 cubic feet) of air space per adult person and 7.00 cubic meters (247 cubic feet) of air space per child under 10 years of age. Window Openings Every room intended for any use, not otherwise provided with air-conditioning or mechanical ventilation system as herein provided in this Code, shall be provided with a window or windows whose total area of openings shall be at least 1/10th the floor area of the room, and such shall open directly to a court, yard, public way or alley, or water course. Mezzanine Floor

A Mezzanine floor is a partial, intermediate floor in any story or room of a building having an area not more than one-half of the area of the room or space in which it is constructed. A mezzanine floor shall be constructed with a clear ceiling height of not less than 1.90 meters (6 feet, 4 inches) above and below. Vent Shafts Size. Vent shafts shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 1/10th of a square meter for every meter of height of shafts (1 square foot per 10 feet) but not less than 1.00 square meter (10.7 square feet) in any case. No such shaft shall be less than 60 centimeters (2 feet) in its least dimension. Skylights. Unless open to the outer air at the top for its full area, such shaft shall be covered by a skylight having a net area of fixed louver openings equal to the maximum required shaft area. Air Ducts. Air ducts shall be connected to a street or court by a horizontal duct or intake at a point below the lowest window opening on such shaft. Such duct or intake shall have a minimum unobstructed cross-sectional area of not less than 0.30 square meter (3.2 square feet) with a minimum dimension of 30 centimeters (1 foot). The opening to the duct or intake shall not be less than 30 centimeters (1 foot) above the bottom of the shaft and the street surface or bathroom of court, at the respective ends of the conduct or intake. Ventilating Skylights Skylights. Skylights shall have a glass area not less than that required for the window they replace. They shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers of an aggregate net area not less than that required for openable parts in the window they replace or with approved ventilation of equal efficiency. Ventilation. Rooms containing industrial heating equipment shall be provided with adequate artificial means of ventilation to prevent excessive accumulation of hot or polluted air. chan robles virtual law library Artificial Ventilation General. When artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed and constructed to meet the following requirements in air changes: (1) Business and Workrooms (1.1) For rooms wholly above grade occupied for office, clerical or administrative purposes, or as stores, sales, rooms, restaurants, markets, factories, workshops, or machinery rooms, not less than three changes of air per hour shall be provided. (1.2) For rooms wholly above grade, occupied as bakeries, hotel or restaurant kitchen, laundries other than accessory to dwellings, and boiler rooms, of not less than ten changes or air per hour shall be provided. (2) Rooms in Public and Institutional Buildings (2.1) For auditoriums and other rooms used for assembly purposes, not less than 0.85 cubic meter (30 cubic feet) of air per minute shall be supplied for each person for whom seating or other accommodation is provided. (2.2) For wards and dormitories of institutional buildings, not less than 0.85 cubic meter (30 cubic feet) of air per minute shall be supplied for each person accommodated.

V. CASE STUDIES Foreign

San Francisco City Hall San Francisco City Hall, re-opened in 1915, in its open space area in the citys Civic Center, is a Beaux-Arts monument to the City Beautiful movement that epitomized the high-minded American Renaissance of the 1880s to 1917. The structures dome is the fifth largest in the world. The present building is actually a replacement for an earlier City Hall that was completely destroyed during the 1906 earthquake. The principal architect was Arthur Brown, Jr., of Bakewell & Brown, whose attention to the finishing details extended to the doorknobs and the typeface to be used in signage. Browns blueprints of the building are preserved at the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley. Brown also designed the San Francisco War Memorial Opera House, Veterans Building, Temple Emanuel, Coit Tower and the Federal office building at 50 United Nations Plaza. London, City Hall The building has an unusual, bulbous shape, intended to reduce its surface area and thus improve energy efficiency. It has been compared variously to Darth Vaders helmet, a misshapen egg, a woodlouse and a motorcycle helmet. Former mayor Ken Livingstone referred to it as a glass testicle,[3][4] while the present mayor, Boris Johnson, has referred to it as The Glass Gonad and more politely as The Onion. Its designers reportedly saw the building as a giant sphere hanging over the Thames, but opted for a more conventionally rooted building instead. It has no front or back in conventional terms but derives its shape from a modified sphere. A 500-metre (1,640 ft) helical walkway, reminiscent of that in New Yorks Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, ascends the full height of the building. At the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and meeting space called Londons Living Room, with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency; a similar device was used by Foster in his design for the rebuilt Reichstag (parliament) in Germany. In 2006 it was announced that solar photovoltaic cells would be fitted to the building by the London Climate Change Agency. It was designed by Norman Foster and opened in July 2002, two years after the Greater London Authority was created. Toronto City Hall The City Hall of Toronto, Canada is the home of the citys municipal government and one of its most distinctive landmarks. Designed by Finnish architect Viljo Revell (with Heikki Castrn, Bengt Lundsten, Seppo Valjus) and landscape architect Richard Strong, and engineered by Hannskarl Bandel, the building opened in 1965. It was built to replace Old City Hall, which was built

in 1899. The current City Hall, located at Nathan Phillips Square, is actually Torontos fourth city hall and was built in order to replace the former city hall due to a shortage of space. The area of Toronto City Hall and the civic square was formerly the location of Torontos old chinatown, which was expropriated and bulldozed during the mid-1950s in preparation for a new civic building. In 1958, an international architectural competition was launched by Mayor Nathan Phillips in order to find a design for the New City Hall. This competition was won by Finnish architect Viljo Revell whose winning proposal came first amongst submissions from forty-two countries. Revells design consists of twin towers surrounding a white disk-like council chamber which is mounted on a raised platform, with entrances located below that are open to the public. There is also a ramp from the square that connects to the podium green roof and also leads to the council chamber. The two towers are of unequal height as the east tower is taller than the west. The City Hall is nicknamed The Eye of the Government because it resembles a large eye in a plan view. Revell died a year before the New City Hall was completed.

Local
Bacolod City Hall The Bacolod City Hall is popularly known as the White House of Bacolod City because of its similar structure to the White House of the US. It has a fountain at the center and green fields cover the sides. It is very nice to take a walk around the place during twilight when the colorful lights are on. Moreover, this building is just newly constructed. Tagum City Hall The Tagum City government has broken an unprecedented record of having budget for fiscal year 2011 greater than the respective budgets of the provincial governments of Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley provinces. The New City Hall of Tagum, the only government institution in the Philippines featuring a futuristic architecture similar to that of the Australian Parliament House at Canberra, located at Barangay Apokon and is open during festivals and holidays (although construction for the remaining phases is still going on). Pasig City Hall The City Hall of Pasig has undergone a number of iterations since 1967, when it was a mere four-storey structure with 1, 200 square meters of floor area. The renovation in 1999 brought the floor area to approximately 9,000 square meters.

Finally in 2005, four more levels were added, bringing the total floor area to 16,000 square meters. The City Hall is a stunning vision coming onto Caruncho Avenue, with its ivory-and-emerald faade. The ground floor is almost entirely devoted to a parking area, with the exception of the Cooperative Development Office. The second floor is occupied by the Business Permit and Licensing Office and the Treasury Department. The third floor houses the Commission on Audit, National Statistics Office, Department of Interior and Local Government, Civil Registry, and Urban Poor Services Office. The Senior Citizens Office, Environment and Natural Resources office, and City Records constitute the fourth floor, while the fifth floor consists of the City Budget, Legal and Public Information offices. The Engineering and Housing offices are situated on the sixth floor, while the Vice Mayor and the City Councilors hold office on the seventh floor. The Session Hall where the members of the City Council convene every Thursday is located on this same level. The eighth floor welcomes a steady stream of visitors daily, as this is where the Mayors office is located.

REFERENCES
restyo.blogspot.com cornelsky.blogspot.com City Government of Pasay www.pasay.gov.ph Wisegeek www.wisegeek.com Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph Protective Systems for Buildings: Application of Spherical Sliding Isolation Systems mceer.buffalo.edu Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington www.ce.washington.edu National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering at IIT Kanpur, INDIA www.nicee.org City Government of Pasig www.pasigcity.gov.ph Time Saver Standards for Building Types, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill