Name:__________________ Date:__________Pd:______ CH 5, Mountains & Volcanoes; L2 Volcanoes form as molten rock erupts.

BIG IDEA: Mountains and volcanoes form as tectonic plates move. I. Volcanoes erupt many types of material. A. Earths thin outer layer is made of ________ rock, but most of Earth is extremely ________ &
1. 2. 3. molten ___________. A __________ is an opening in Earths crust through which molten _________, rock _________ & hot _________ erupt. A volcano may erupt ___________ & ___________. The violence of an __________ depends mainly on the type of ___________ feeding the volcano. Magma A major portion of all magma is _________, a compound of _______ & ___________. Magma also contains _______, which expand as the magma _______. Pressure builds up until the gases __________ out in a violent, dangerous ____________. Magma that is relatively _________ in silica flows easily, but can throw _______ high into the air. Magma rises toward Earths surface as long as it is ______ _________ than the surrounding rock. Once magma stops rising, it collects in ______ _________ where it can cool forming _____ rock. Volcanic eruptions occur when magma ___________ can no longer hold additional __________; this is called _________ when it erupts to Earths surface. Rock fragments There are three types of rock fragments: _______, _________, and _______ bombs & ________. Ash ranges in size from dust to about rice _________. Volcanic _________ are somewhat larger. The largest ones are volcanic _______ & __________, which can be as large as houses. Volcanic Gases The smoke rising from a volcano is actually a mixture of _____________ & _____________. The main ___________ in magma are water ____________ & carbon ______________. During an eruption a mixture of volcanic ______ and rock fragments forms a ____________ flow.

B. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

C.
1. 2. 3. 4.

D.
1. 2. 3.

II.

Most volcanoes form along plate boundaries.

A. Volcanoes are common along ______ plate boundaries where _______ plates sink beneath others. 1. As a plate sinks into a subduction zone, it heats & begins to melt, forming __________ which can erupt and form ______ volcanic mountains. 2. Volcanoes are also common along tectonic boundaries where plates _____ apart, allowing magma to rise from the mantle. 3. Less commonly, a volcano can form over a ____ _____ far from a plate boundary, hence Hawaii. 4. More than _____ volcanoes, about ___% of all active volcanoes above sea level are in the Pacific.

III.Volcanoes can have many shapes and sizes.

A. Shield Volcano1. 2. B. Cinder Volcano1. 2. C. Composite Volcano1. 2.

IV. Scientists monitor Volcanoes.

A. Scientists know that a volcano is becoming ______ months in advance and can save _________ of lives. B. Scientists monitor volcanoes around the world for signs of _______. C. Scientists study the ____ and _____ of volcanic rocks around a volcano to understand its history.