COMMUNITY PLANNING DEVELOPMENT

THE PROCESS
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/communityengagement/pce_concepts.html
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
 COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
 The entire process of organizing
relationships, identifying issues,
mobilizing around those issues, and
maintaining an enduring organization.
(Stall & Stoecker, 1997)
 It is fundamentally a grassroots process
 Focuses on mobilizing people in a
specific area.
 Associated with bottom-up, rather than
top-down decision-making
 It's not about an outside "expert" telling
a community what it should work on.

https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
https://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers96/gender2.html
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
 Identifying Stakeholders
 Stakeholders - group or institution
that has an interest in a development
activity, project or program.
 Key Stakeholders – people who can
significantly influence the project, or
are most important if the community
development objectives are to be
met.
 Identified Stakeholder Groups:
1. Primary Stakeholders – directly
affected
2. Secondary Stakeholders – indirectly
affected

HLURB (2013), CLUP Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Planning

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
 Identifying Stakeholders
 Primary considerations in the
identification of key stakeholders:
 Identify those stakeholders directly and
indirectly affected
 Who have interests in the plan
 Past stakeholders
 Vulnerable groups
 Stakeholder representatives
 Engage with stakeholders in their own
communities
 Government is a key stakeholder
 NGOs and community-based organizations

HLURB (2013), CLUP Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Planning

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
 Information and Education Campaign
(IEC) plan
 to inform and solicit support and
commitment of the identified
stakeholders and the general public
 Following information must be
determined:
1. Coverage area/Theme
2. Stakeholder
3. At what stage should be involved?
4. How best to engage?

HLURB (2013), CLUP Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Planning

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
 Information and Education Campaign (IEC) plan

Coverage Area/ Stakeholder At what stage should How best to engage?

Theme be involved?
Parks & Open Space • Home Owner’s • Visioning • House to house
Association invitation
• Residents • Action Planning • Information Drive
through FB
page/chart room,
leaflets
• Interview

HLURB (2013), CLUP Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Planning

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
 Public Participation
 Public Action-
 initiatedand controlled by citizens,
with the intent of influencing
government officials and others.
 Public Involvement & Obligatory
Participation-
 initiated
& controlled by the
government
 Electoral Participation-
 most limited form of participation as
it focuses just on the act of voting.

https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Public Participation
 It is important to now the reasons why
people do or do not want to participate to
formulate ways to effectively make people
participate.
 Reasons why people participate:
 Issues directly affecting them
 Social relationships
 Way to meet new people
 Developing new friendships
 Friend or neighbor is involved in the project
 Activities that interests them
 Wanted to shared their untapped skills
 To gain experience
https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Public Participation
 Constraints of participation:
 Lack of communication
 Lack of child care, transportation,
accessibility, etc.
 Lack of information
 Lack of evidence of the benefits of
participating

 Building social relationships is

important to encourage others to
participate.
 Once people are involved it is
important to sustain it.
https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Visioning
 An asset-based approach
 An open and democratic process enabling the
members of the community to participate.
 The community’s ideation of the future desired
state.
 It is an expansive, innovative and proactive future
orientation.
 Determine several important descriptors for the
visualized future.
 Must conduct an assessment of social, economic,
environmental, physical, and institutional
situation of the area.
 However it should be manageable and feasible.

https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Visioning
Sample for a Town’s Image:
 The Town of Star Prairie is a rural green
community proud of its heritage and identity.
 The town’s green spaces are many and varied,
ranging from plenty of scenic beauty and
quality lakes and rivers to bike and walking
trails and parks and playgrounds.

Sample for Natural Resources:

 “In the year 2030, the Town of Star Prairie has
preserved and enhanced the quality of its lakes,
ground water, wetlands, rivers and streams, and
forests and hills through various ordinances and
mechanisms.
https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/68319_book_item_68319.pdf
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Visioning Descriptors for the following sectors (used for the Comprehensive Land Use Planning)

Social Environment Finance Physical Human

Empowered Clean & Green Robust Resilient Principled

Citizens

Happy & Preserved Sustained State-of-the-Art Honest

Satisfied Growth

Healthy Safe & Secure Stable Sustainable Responsive

 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Visioning

 “A premier University-led S&T Park in

the Philippines that hosts a Sustainable,
Climate-Resilient & Livable
Environment; enjoyed by Diverse,
Value-Oriented and Entrepreneurial
Community thriving in a Robust,
Innovative & Inclusive Economy;
supported by Smart, Green and State-
of-the-Art infrastructure systems; and
governed by a Responsive
Transformative and Principled
leadership.”
VISIONING
 Basic Methods of Technology of
Participation (TOP)
 An integrated set of facilitation methods,
tools and approaches that foster authentic
participation and meaningful collaboration.
 Forms of TOP:
1. Focused Conversation method
2. Consensus Workshop method
3. Action Planning Workshop

http://www.ica-international.org/icas-technology-of-participation-top/(2013),
https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/technology-of-participation-top-
facilitation-methods/
 VISIONING
 Forms of TOP:
1. Focused Conversation method
o Utilizes a four level sequence of
questions to move a group’s
discussion known as the ORID method.
o Objective - Provides the context,
the basis for all parties to “get on
the same page”.
o Reflective - It gets out their
reactions and feelings towards
the subject.
o Interpretational - Delve deeper Source: Martin Gilbraith
into the subject area and develop
a greater understanding.
o Decisional - Drawing conclusions
and future actions will may be
http://www.ica-international.org/icas-technology-of-participation-top/(2013),
taken. https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/technology-of-participation-top-
facilitation-methods/
 VISIONING
 Forms of TOP:
2. Consensus Workshop method
o A method to build consensus
about a complex topic.
o Establishes focus areas and
build group consensus. Process:
 focus question
 brainstorming responses
 organize the ideas in
clusters
 identify the core idea in
each cluster
 determine next steps

Source ICA International, 1991

http://www.ica-international.org/icas-technology-of-participation-top/(2013),
https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/technology-of-participation-top-facilitation-methods/
VISIONING
VISIONING
 Forms of TOP:
3. Action Planning Workshop
 an eight stage process that uses the
Focused Conversation Method and
the Consensus Workshop Method.
 Develops a concrete plan with clear
forms of accountability. Steps:
1. Context
2. Victory
3. Current reality
4. Commitment
5. Key actions
6. Calendar
7. Assignments
8. Resolve http://www.ica-international.org/icas-technology-of-participation-top/(2013),
https://extensionaus.com.au/extension-practice/technology-of-participation-top-
facilitation-methods/
THANK YOU!