RHETORICAL MODES

THERE ARE
1 NARRATIVE

FIVE
2
DESCRIPTIVE

RHETORICAL 3
EXPOSITORY

MODES 4
ARGUMENTATIVE

5
PERSUASIVE
FOR EACH We are going to identify:

RHETORICAL
Format
Purpose
Organisational Features

MODE...
Modes of Expression

This is going to be
extremely helpful for
both your IA and
your exam
Narrative FORMAT
- Novels
- Short stories
- Anecdotes
- Autobiographies

PURPOSE ORGANISATIONAL Modes of Expression

FEATURES - Descriptive Language
- To entertain
- Figurative Language and literary
- To explain - Flashback devices
- To highlight - Flashforward - Conversational tone
- To recount / relate an experience - Foreshadowing - Dialogue
- Time sequence -Narrative perspective
 Narrative in Action

Narrative perspective-
Prose extract
Peter looked around suddenly and
screamed in terror as before him stood the Dialogue
giant with steely arms. "Stop! Don't eat
me!" he cried.

Figurative language
 FORMAT
Descriptive -Journals
- Poetry
- Stories
- Biographies

ORGANISATIONAL
PURPOSE FEATURES Modes of Expression
- To entertain - Descriptive Language
- To explain - Comparison - Figurative Language and literary
- To expose - Contrast devices
- To visually present - Description - Anecdotes
- To illustrate - General to specific
- To highlight - Spatial order
- Time sequence
 Descriptive in Action

Prose extract
Raheem surveyed the smoky, dismal land
around him and felt saddened by the Spatial order
destruction. To his left was his father's (left to right)
boat, ripped to shreds and to his right lay
the red and white trailer they used to
transport the horses. In the distance he
could hear them neighing as if they could
Descriptive language sense their trailer was broken in two.
 FORMAT
Expository - Reports
- News articles
- Academic writing
- How to (process) essays
- Instructions & Directions

ORGANISATIONAL
PURPOSE FEATURES Modes of Expression
- To illustrate /demonstrate - Objective arguments
- To prove - Cause and effect - Precise language
- To explain, teach or instruct - Classification - Neutral tone
- To inform, reveal or expose - Comparison and Contrast - Presentation of evidence
- To declare - Definitions
- To establish - Evidence
- Illustration and examples
 Exposition in Action
Expository extract*
Classification -
Studies on microchannel flows in the past
decade are categorised into various
topics such as temperature, heat transfer
Presentation of evidence in microchannels, Nusslet number, heat
flux, comparison with flow in conventional
channels, investigation with flows in single
phase and two-phase flows in
microchannels, minichannels and small
lubes, gas flow in microchannels,
analytical studies on micro channel flows
and design and testing on microchannel
heat sinks for electronic cooling.
*written by Bella Jaya Chandana & V. Vijaya Kumar
 FORMAT
Argumentative - Critical review
- Letters of recommendation
- Letters to the editor
- Editorials
- Debates

ORGANISATIONAL
PURPOSE FEATURES Modes of Expression
- To prove the validity of an idea - Objective arguments
- Counterarguments
- To convince - Precise language
- Concessions and rebuttals
- To influence - Neutral tone
- Comparison and Contrast
- Use of logos
- Evidence
- Presentation of evidence
- Illustration and examples
- Lists
 Argument in Action
Argumentative extract
List
There are many advantages to Co-
education in schools; Firstly, it helps to
overcome the fear of the other gender.
Secondly, it promotes healthy competition
and thirdly, it develops mutual respect.

Studies have shown that children who

attend co-educational institutions from an
early age are more willing to interact with
Presentation of evidence members of the opposite sex when they Contrast
reach university as opposed to those
children who attend a single-sex school.
 FORMAT
Persuasive - Opinion pieces
- Commentaries
- Speeches
-Advertisements

ORGANISATIONAL Modes of Expression

PURPOSE FEATURES - Lack of objectivity
- Use of language to evoke sadness
- To urge the audience to action - Counterarguments and pity
- To convince - Concessions and rebuttals - Non-neutral tone
- To influence - Comparison and Contrast - Rhetorical questions
- To criticize - Evidence - Presentation of evidence
- To complain - Illustration and examples - The rule of three
- Lists - Anecdotes
- Cause and effect - Restatement and reiteration
 Persuasion in Action
Restatement and reiteration
Persuasive extract*
I have a dream that my four little children
will one day live in a nation where they
will not be judged by the color of their
skin but by the content of their
character....
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley The rule of three
shall be exalted, and every hill and
mountain shall be made low, the rough
places will be made plain, and the crooked
places will be made straight; "and the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all
flesh shall see it *Martin Luther King Jr.
together.
ANY QUESTIONS FEEL
FREE TO REACH OUT!