ECO-COLAB:

“A PROPOSED COCONUT RESEARCH FACILITY WITH TROPICAL

CLIMATE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE USING COCO-BASED MATERIALS.”

Building Science

DARRYL P. VELASCO

College Of Engineering and Architecture

Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology

Naga City
 Chapter I

Introduction

One of the tropical nations that regularly deals with the highly hot and humid weather

is the Philippines. People in the Philippines are feeling some heat and dampness in their

homes and workplaces because of effect of the climate change, and some are giving a

disease in food and water. Because of the uneasy feeling, some people have trouble

carrying out their daily activities. In a tropical setting, they highly need energy-intensive

equipment to tackle their difficulties. Therefore, one of the issues with expensive living is

the expense of energy consumption, which also harms the environment because it uses

fuel to produce electricity. Because of this, human activities that degrade the environment

are the source of the issue that can cause tropical climates. The problem is likely to

become the greatest challenge facing every country since it is only going to become

worse.

Arora (2019) The temperature in the Philippines increased to 26.64 in 2020 from 26.52 in

2019. One of the causes of climate change and decreasing the food product because of the

increasing high food demand due to the growing population, other farmers use agro-

chemicals practices to produce many agricultural products. This has further aggravated

the situation by the release of GHG and leaving the soil to become land degraded and

causing losses in soil fertility.

Coconut is one of the products that the Philippines and some other nations produce

the most of. The coconut husk is no longer used and is considered garbage as it was in
previous decades or centuries. Many of the husks are useless to them, so they burn them

or use them to clean dishes and as plant-growing media. Other researchers have found

that this husk possesses the capacity to provide thermal comfort and other properties that

contribute to the comfort of people inside buildings when mixed with other building

materials. Due to the ability to prevent heat gain, energy consumption will also decrease

so that the areas in the room can be comfortable without consuming as much energy.

The coconut business itself are also facing a challenge because some Filipino farmers

are unable to find a solution of the problem for their coconut products, which has a severe

negative impact on their ability to support their families. Example of the trend news of

the spreading diseases of the coconut insect that most of the Philippines are experiencing

it. Infection begins with yellowing of the leaves, followed by drying and ultimately death

of the coconut on the 1.2 million coconut trees in the Calabarzon Philstar (2014). The

issue is so significant that a remedy will need to be provided because the old methods

they are utilizing to address it in the present era are ineffective or lack knowledge about

it.

As one of the top five exporting nations in 2011, the nation must surpass the position

of top exporter of coconut products to support its development. The coconut can be used

to make a variety of products, including butter, flour, milk, cream, water. Since there are

many kinds of coconuts produced, the coconut plantations will need to grow to generate

more tons of product even though there are various products found in coconuts.

Labo, Camarines Norte, being an agricultural town in, 70% of the land area is set

aside for farming, with coconuts as the main crop produced. They have many farmers that

have a wide plantation area and together with forest of the municipality, Labo exporting
other municipality even to Manila. Most of the livelihood of municipality are in the

farming of coconut.

The most populated town in the province, Labo also serves as the agricultural hub as

well as a potential investment destination and a hub for business, trades, and secondary

industrial expansion. It is also positioned in the center of the province.

Agricultural crop production takes up 390.39 km2 (65.17% of the municipal land

area), of which 343.46 km2 are coconut plantations. On the other side, 18.47 km2 is

dedicated to the cultivation of rice. The province also produces a lot of bananas,

pineapple, pili, and bananas. The following are additional sources of income for the

community: processing and preserving pineapple and cocoa-based products; pineapple

weaving (Barong); jewelry- and accessory-making; food and beverage processing;

various tourism-related sectors; and the manufacture of wood and bamboo furniture.

Labo shall be a city serving as the administrative center of Camarines Norte which

promote agricultural-industrial development for healthy, empowered and God-centered

people enjoying a progressive economy in an ecologically balance and sustainable

environment supported by functional infrastructure and manage by dynamic local leaders.

Kesik (2019). Building science is a body of knowledge that incorporates elements

from engineering, architecture, physics, chemistry, and the biological sciences. To

effectively solve design issues, modern building science tries to work with models of the

structure as a system and apply empirical approaches.

 Urban farming is not only possible, but it is also crucial. But it can't be like the farming

techniques of yore.

- Homaro Cantu

Statement of the Problem

One of the issues a country with a tropical environment has been using the responsive

effect to reduce moisture and heat and so lowering the energy consumption of a single

structure.

1. What is the status of Coconut Production in the Municipality?

2. What is the building's innovative response to the effects of the tropical climate?

3. What facilities and amenities can be applied in designing a Coconut research center?

Significance of the Study

This study focused on the Coconut Research Facility, which attempts to assist the

farmer by determining how they would support their livelihood and the comfort of the

people inside the structure.

The Farmers benefited by learning the modern practices to enhance their knowledge

to produce a quality product and gain a proper profit.

The Municipality benefited from the strategy and introduction of innovative

practices to secure tons of coconut production.

 The Environment benefits from organic farming by helping the soil and reducing the

use of agrochemical practices for producing many emissions.

The Researchers benefit by providing them with the human comforts that support

their activity workshop office as well as the laboratories to conduct the coconut in the

municipality that produces coconuts.

The Architecture benefits by introducing innovative materials that have an eco-

friendly impact on the environment and can be utilized to reduce things like heat and

moisture.

The Future Researcher can use this work as a starting point for their research.

Additional information on the adaptive strategy, for example, is being researched.

Goal And Objective

This study's analysis of the municipality's coconut farmers' issues and scaling of

production were both helpful in laying the groundwork for the discussion of the practices'

requirements and problem-solving strategies that came later.

This study discusses the qualities of materials that help them hold up to tropical

climates, including their capacity to absorb heat and moisture. Materials with the ability

to decrease energy consumption and provide comfort for people can be suggested for use

in homes in addition to the facility under examination.

 This study will determine architectural planning and design, structural concepts,

utility system concepts, building materials, and building technology concepts in

presenting the design solution.

Scope and Delimitation

This study scope of the Philippine climate region and other tropical climate country,

the research and production of coconuts as well as the issue with the tropical environment

and the issue with the production of coconuts in the municipality. to aid in improving

both building and farming capabilities.

This study will be a proposal to build a research facility in the municipality due to the

findings that there is no indirect type of this building that the municipality is planning to

build, but many agricultural practices that the municipality is implementing.

This study will be primarily focused on coconut farming and practices in Labo,

Camarines Norte and examine the production and climate of the time period of 10 years.

This study delimited to planning matters. It did not include that need specialization,

such as structural, estimates, and electrical.

Definition of Terms

Agriculture - the study or practice of farming, which includes preparing the land for plant

growth as well as raising animals for their meat, wool, and other goods.

Agrochemical- a chemical used in agriculture, such as pesticides or fertilizer.

Climate change - long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.

Coconut Farming – propagated by seedlings grown from carefully chosen seed nuts.

Coconut Research Facility – Through the creation of suitable technologies, coconut

farming will have a sustainable foundation and be profitable.

Emission - the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.

Energy Consumption – energy use.

Global Warming - occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in

the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation.

Humidity – is the amount of airborne water vapor.

Innovation – a fresh concept, strategy, or tool

Organic Agriculture - a production system sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and

people.

Thermal Comfort – a suitable working temperature, considering a variety of

environmental, work-related, and personal factors.

Tropical Climate – The majority of the world's hot, humid, and rainy regions can be

found between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.

References:

Philstar.com | Latest Philippine news and multimedia. (n.d.). Philstar.com.

https://www.philstar.com/

Arora, N. K. (2019, June 27). Impact of climate change on agriculture production and its

sustainable solutions. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42398-

019-00078-w

https://www.dictionary.com/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/

https://fasps.denr.gov.ph/

https://www.oxfordreference.com/
 Chapter II

This chapter discusses the review of related literature and related studies, may

improve the researcher's comprehension of how coconut-based materials contribute to the

reaction to the effects of tropical climate. The references that the researcher used are from

foreign to local journals, blogs, news, dissertations, and internet online sources.

Eco-friendly Building Materials

Nowotna et al. (2019) The utilization of natural materials has been a focus of the

construction industry's ecological movement. These components may come from both

plant and animal sources. Such semi-finished building items are typically lightweight,

environmentally friendly, and frequently built of recycled materials. These eco-building

models frequently don't need energy inputs to produce them. It aids in the creation of

energy-saving investments that adhere to the most recent technical standards.

Sheep's wool and cellulose, as well as items like plywood, fibrous materials with an

exterior gypsum or wooden panel, clay plaster with straw, and other materials, can serve

an insulating function for these materials. These goods are seen as affordable and

healthful, and they are frequently found nearby. Due to the rising costs of conventional

building materials and the energy savings during construction and investment use, these

solutions may have a substantial impact on modern construction. The article's main goal

is to give readers a basic understanding of a few materials of natural origin while

comparing them according to hygrothermal research.

Fibers as Potential Building Materials

Based on Danso (2017), In order to provide cost-effective building materials and

promote sustainable development, significant effort has been put into using a variety of

natural fibers, which are abundant in tropical and subtropical areas, as reinforcement in

composites. Because coconuts are also present in tropical regions, products made of

coconut can be used locally as well as withstand the climate there.

These materials are advantageous for use as construction materials because they have

strong physical and mechanical characteristics, give good environmental benefits, and are

inexpensive. Additionally, natural fibers can be used into composite materials to reduce

weight, boost strength, and are also incredibly secure when handled, processed, and used.

The demand for affordable and sustainable materials has increased interest in natural

fibers. These resources won't harm the environment, will use local expertise, are readily

and abundantly available, and are inexpensive. Shown how natural fibers in composite

materials can be used in civil engineering for slope stabilization, house construction,

slabs, boards, wall paneling systems, and plastering. The materials' qualities are so

compatible with building construction that they can be utilized in place of other building

materials that acquire additional capabilities.

Coconut Fiber - A material called coir is taken out of the coconut fruit's shell.

Although coconut fiber has good engineering characteristics, its usage in engineering is

not well known. The kind of species, location, and maturity of the coconut plant are

claimed to affect the fiber content of coconuts. The length-to-diameter (aspect ratio) of

the fiber, which essentially dictates its use, has an impact on the flexibility and rupture of

the fiber.
 They are the fibrous material that lies between a coconut fruit's internal shell and

outer shell. The vendors gather the husks with the inside shells as waste after the juice

(liquid) and food from the coconut fruit have been consumed and dispose of them by

burning or throwing them away. Fibrous husks were soaked in water for 48 hours to

prepare the fiber, and then the fiber was exposed by being hammered with a wooden bar

on a wooden surface. After separating the fibers from the pith particles, they were washed

and dried outside in the sun for two weeks, being turned over daily to achieve even

drying.

Coconut Fiber Cement

On the study of Brose et al. (2019), the use of natural fiber composites in low-cost

house construction with the goal of addressing thermal comfort issues. In addition to

Portland cement, fly ash, and hydrated lime, the study also employed fibers from pine

wood, rattan, and coconut husk (known as coconut coir) to create fiber cement composite

samples. Natural fiber samples' flexural strength was 70% more than that of comparator
specimens, indicating potential use as wall cladding to lessen out-of-plane failure during

seismic events. Using a heat flux machine, the thermal conductivity of the composites

made up of different mixtures was determined. When compared to conventional wall

cladding materials, which range from 1.60 to 1.88 W/mK, experimental results of 0.16 to

0.19 W/mK revealed an improvement in thermal conductivity. This study was the sample

of one that proven that the coconut fiber has a ability in thermal comfort, to eco-friendly

materials and low-cost.

Addition, based on the study of Lertwattanaruk and Suntijitto (2015), investigates

the characteristics of composite building materials made of natural fibers that are

appropriate for hot and humid climates. These materials were created using cement

mortar mixed with waste materials from Thailand's agricultural manufacturing, including

oil palm and coconut coir fiber. They are designed to be utilized as siding and roof sheets

to conserve energy and lessen heat transfer through buildings. The experiment primarily

examined the impact of both cellulose fibers on the material's mechanical, thermal, and

physical qualities.

The findings of the tests revealed that as the proportion of natural fiber replacement

increases, the density, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the composites tend

to decrease. Lower density was produced by fiber cement products including coconut

fiber when compared to oil palm fiber. The appropriate physical and mechanical qualities

were produced by combinations of fiber cement products including up to 15% of both

natural fibers by weight of binder. Furthermore, compared to the control specimen, the

heat conductivity of the sheets made of natural fiber cement was 60% lower. The findings
of this study can be used as a model for developing fiber cement products for use in

residential construction using agricultural leftovers.

Coco coir-based lightweight cement board

On the study of Asasutjarit et al. (2007), shows research done in Thailand on the

creation of lightweight cement boards (CCB) made of coconut coir. These boards were

created using cement, water, and coconut coir. They are designed to be utilized as energy-

saving building materials. The experiments concentrated on factors that determine the

characteristics of boards, primarily fiber length, coir pretreatment, and mixture ratio. The

specimens' physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics were assessed after 28 days

of hydration. The results of this study showed that boiling and washing coir fibers was

the best pretreatment because it can improve some of the mechanical properties of coir

fiber. The ideal fiber length was in the 1-6 cm range, and the ideal cement:fiber:water

mixture weight ratio was 2:1:2. The manufactured CCBs met most mechanical

recommendations.

Coconut coir-based lightweight cement board has lower thermal conductivity than

commercial flake board composite, according to research on the thermal properties of

specimens. To encourage the use of CCBs as an energy-saving material in buildings, that

is a crucial aspect.
 Coconut shell as Coarse Aggregates

Kaur1 and Kaur2 (2012), Most concrete's constituents are coarse particles. Based on

the findings from a thorough assessment of the literature, the use of coconut shell as a

coarse aggregate has been reviewed in this paper. We all desire that the structures we

create be sturdy and made from reasonably priced materials. Cement, sand, and

aggregates are completely necessary for the manufacture of concrete in every sector of

the building industry. Most scientists today focus their research on materials that can both

lower construction costs and boost structural strength. Depending on their qualities,

several waste materials are used in concrete. For instance, partial replacements for

cement in concrete have been discovered to work well using fly ash, rice husk, slag, and

sludge from the treatment of home and industrial wastewater.

A material that can replace aggregates is the coconut shell. The coconut shell is

mostly utilized as a decorative item and a source of activated carbon. The plastics,

adhesives, and abrasive materials sectors all employ the shell powder. The usage of

coconut shells can be advantageous economically as well as in terms of environmental

protection. To ensure that biodegradable materials decompose before being mixed with

concrete, a sun-dried shell should be employed. It also aids in environmentally friendly

buildings. This essay's purpose is to raise awareness of the use of coconut shell as a

building material in civil engineering.

Addition, in an experimental investigation of Gunasekaran et al. (2011), the

characteristics of concrete with coarse aggregate made from coconut shell were

examined. Impact resistance, bond strength, splitting, flexural, and compressive tensile

strengths, as well as other properties, were measured and compared to the theoretical
values advised by the standards. To investigate the impact on the flexural and splitting

tensile strengths and impact resistance of coconut shell concrete, two different water-

cement ratios for the chosen mix have been taken into consideration. The pull-out test

was used to determine the bond characteristics. Concrete made from coconut shells falls

under the category of structural lightweight concrete. The findings demonstrated that, for

the chosen mix, the experimental bond strength of coconut shell concrete is significantly

higher than the bond strength as predicted by BS 8110 and IS 456:2000.

On the study of Olanipekun et al. (2006), A significant issue influencing the

availability of homes in Nigeria is the high cost of traditional building materials.

Research into alternate building materials has become necessary as a result. This study

compared the costs and strength properties of concrete made with crushed, granular

coconut and palm kernel shells in place of traditional coarse aggregate in gradations of

0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results are presented in this publication. There were

two mix ratios (1:1:2 and 1:2:4). A total of 320 100x100x100 mm cubes were cast,

examined, and their physical and mechanical characteristics were established. According

to the test results, the concrete's compressive strength declined as the percentage of shells

in the two mix ratios rose. However, in the two mix proportions, concrete made from

palm kernel shells was stronger than concrete made from coconut shells in terms of

compressive strength. Additionally, the results showed that producing concrete from palm

kernel and coconut shells will result in cost reductions of 30% and 42%, respectively.

When using coconut shells as a substitute for traditional aggregates in the manufacturing

of concrete, it was found that they were more suited than palm kernel shells when taking

into account the strength/economical ratio.

 Figure. Oil Palm Kernel

Straw Bale as Construction Materials

Based on the study of Cascone et al. (2019), Buildings made of straw bales offer

several advantages in terms of prices, health, and environmental sustainability. The

extraordinary qualities of straw bales as an insulating and building material have been

highlighted by numerous research in various locations, but to the authors' knowledge,

there haven't been any reviews on the subject. This paper's major goal is to improve

understanding of straw bale systems, with a particular emphasis on their durability and

thermal and acoustic insulation qualities. To achieve this, earlier tests and studies on

straw bale structures from around the globe were examined. Their findings were

compared, the state of the research was evaluated, and the areas that still required more

research were noted.

Previous studies' findings demonstrated their capacity to provide good living comfort

and prompted their use. There are currently specifications for the qualities that must be

met during the baling process. Straw bale wall constructions' thermal and acoustic
qualities can be enhanced by adding render or another high-density covering. Finally, to

close the gap between straw bales and conventional building materials, a quantitative

evaluation of the most important characteristics, such as heat resistance and acoustic

insulation, is required.

Regarding pricing, human health, and environmental sustainability, straw bales can

offer several advantages. Although straw bale constructions do not play a significant role

in current building practices, numerous studies in various regions have highlighted the

remarkable qualities of straw bales as an insulating and construction material,

highlighting their ability to achieve excellent living comfort and encouraging their use.

Straw bales were mostly used in traditional country constructions because of their

benefits to increase environmental sustainability.

Flood Resilient Planning

Nilubon et al. (2016), This study, which is a component of a larger investigation into

the circumstances and difficulties of mainstream or opportunistic adaptation to climate

change in Bangkok, examines how adaption strategies are integrated into independent

urban redevelopment initiatives. Mainstream adaptation will take longer to implement

than stand-alone solutions since its pace of implementation depends on the so-called

adaptation opportunities that result from redevelopment demands and moments.

As a result, the incorporation of adaptation into the independent redevelopments is a

process of constant adaptation. This essay investigates the possible contribution that

amphibious architecture, design, and construction can make to Bangkok's transformation

into a long-term flood-resilient city. It will concentrate on a typical neighborhood, with a

particular emphasis on the buildings, infrastructure, and open areas. A typical outcome of

this process would be a master plan detailing the improvement strategies.

The following three phases will explain how the selected neighborhood will be

examined. The urban structure is introduced and described first in terms of its

vulnerability to and sensitivity to flooding. We then offer a few adaptation measures for

the actual situation. Finally, approximate when and where these measures can be applied

in the future that able to be upgraded to assess the spatial and temporal adaptation

opportunities included in terms of different detail of scaling effects such as architecture

and urban infrastructure.

Coconut Research Institute of SRI LANKA

According to Chandrasiri's (2014) report, the coconut industry, which considerably

increases the country's economy, is dominated by The Coconut Research Institute (CRI).

Producing superior coconut types using cutting-edge genetic and plant breeding

techniques is one of the CRI's primary goals. Manufacturing seedlings from pertinent

seed nuts is another crucial phase in the process of providing for NCRP, in addition to

manufacturing better seed nuts employing facilities called Seed Gardens. A nationwide

network of nurseries is used to accomplish this. For the entire process to go well, these

nurseries must be maintained properly, and ongoing operations must be regularly

observed. Most pertinent tasks are now carried out manually by the concerned staff. It is
essential to automate the manual process due to the inherent challenges and low level of

reliability of the former.

This system's primary goal is to provide for needs above those of need. The provision

of a method for coconut growers to order seedlings online is another key goal of the

proposed system. This system should offer sufficient resources for attaining the goals and

be finished in six months. The use of open-source software tools should be prioritized.

This needs to function with the current systems and offer interfaces so that it may be

expanded as a networked system if necessary. This ought to work with the current

platform.

Expected advantages and system objectives can be achieved in every way after the

system has the infrastructure it needs to perform properly. The CRI management has been

convinced of the System's value because of the System's users' overwhelmingly positive

comments.

Improving Coconut Productivity

According to a study by Thomas et al. (2010), the cultivation of this versatile,

multipurpose palm is essential to the economies of several Asian and Pacific countries. It

provides the best natural fiber, protection, and aesthetic value to the environment in

addition to being a source of nourishing food and healthy beverages. The palm is a crop

of the future due to its capacity to sequester carbon in the context of climate change, as

well as being ecologically significant in maintaining various fragile island ecosystems.

The producers, processors, and marketers, which comprise both farmers and industry, are
currently faced with several challenges in the current global context. Technology

advancements are crucial for the crop to be more competitive and to address these

problems. As a perennial tree crop, coconut makes it possible to plant a variety of crops

in the spaces between them in various cropping systems, thus assisting in the preservation

of biodiversity.

Agriculture Law

Republic Act No. 11524 - “An Act Creating the Coconut Farmers and. Industry Trust

Fund, Providing for Its Management and Utilization, Reconstituting for the Purpose the

Philippine Coconut Authority Board, and for Other Purposes.” To boost coconut farmers'

earnings, combat poverty, and promote social equality, it is now declared to be State

policy to consolidate and expeditiously distribute the advantages owed to them under

various statutes, particularly those that are due to the poor and marginalized.

Republic Act No. 10611 - Food Safety Act of 2013 states that the State is required to

keep an up-to-date farm to fork food safety regulatory framework that guarantees a high

level of food safety, fosters fair trade, and increases the competitiveness of Philippine

food and food products on the worldwide market.

National Building Code of The Philippines (PD1096)

Base on the NBCP this structure occupancy is classified in a Group J division 1 in a

group of Private garage, Carports, Sheds, and Agricultural Building. Zoning

Classification as A (for Agriculture) with the description of agricultural or agriculture-

related use or occupancy,

characterized mainly as a low-rise or medium rise building/structure for low to high

intensity agricultural or related activities, e.g., the like as well as offices, educational,

training, research and related facilities for agriculture and the like. Building Height limit

of 15.00 meters (or must complement the duly approved BHL in the major zone it is part

of). Excluded Floor Areas (nonGFA) as a Percentage (%) of the TGFA is 2%-5% and

Multiplier to Convert the GFA to TGFA is 1.03-1.06.

Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185)

(Republic Act No. 9514 | GOVPH, 2008). It is the policy of the State to ensure public

safety, promote economic development through the prevention and suppression of all

kinds, of destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a

profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to

ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures and promote

accountability in the fire protection and prevention service.

Accessibility Law (BP 344)

An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings,

Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines (RA 1378)

All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy, or use shall be provided with a

supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected with unsafe water supplies nor

subject to the hazards of backflow or back siphonage.

Philippine Electrical Code Summary (RA 7920)

provides that for every electric plant, industrial plant or factory, commercial

establishments, or institutional buildings, among others, having a connected load of any

size and employing voltages of any standard rating.

Building Science

Kesik (2019). Building science is a body of knowledge that incorporates elements from

engineering, architecture, physics, chemistry, and the biological sciences. In order to effectively

solve design issues, modern building science makes an effort to work with models of the structure

as a system and apply empirical approaches.

UPD College of Architecture (2022), Building science is the study of the physical processes that

affect buildings, their surrounds, the people who inhabit them, and how they communicate and

act toward one another. The importance of materials, tools, equipment, processes, and systems is

centrally considered in these interactions.

Building resource utilization, comprising energy and material use, as well as internal temperature

environment, acoustics and lighting, air quality, and other technical characteristics of structures

are analyzed. These topics are investigated, researched, and evaluated in terms of scientific

principles, their connection to building occupant health, comfort, and productivity, and how the
building envelope, electrical systems, and mechanical systems may manage them. Building

information modeling, building commissioning, fire protection engineering, earthquake design,

and resilient design are all included in the realm of building science.

Building science is used to analyze or prevent building function failures, lead the creation of new

processes and technologies, and give predictive means to maximize the building performance of

new and existing buildings. Building science offers a structure life to improve, complete, and

maintain the interaction between the building's users and its architectural design. Building

Science also aims to maintain the building's durability while it is undergoing alteration.

Theoretical Framework

This study anchors the theory of change that approaches the program design,

monitoring, and evaluation to increase potential development. Based on Stein and Valters

(2012) this describes a roadmap, blueprint, engine of change, a theory of action and more.

Based on Bours, et al. (2014) climate change happens globally but a solution in

adaptation is fundamentally in local. ToCs program and strategy enhance the linkage in

Agricultural sector, it inherits and flexibility to respond to change in natural environment.

ToC process articulates assumptions that identify what is needed, this clarifies the logic

of an intervention and helps researcher capture why and how an intervention is or not

affecting change.
 2.Develop a pathway 3. Operationalize
outcomes.
of change.

4. Define
1. Identify Interventions
the goal.

5. Articulate assumption

Figure. Theory of change process.

The first step is to identify the goal. This research goal is the achieving the increasing

of food production in agricultural sector for the sustainable of the city and practices that

will be resilient in the climate change.

The second step is to develop a pathway of change. Developing a way is a thinking an

idea to respond to the problem of this study, respond and giving a contribution for the

solution of the problem.

The third step is Operationalize outcomes, seeing what the outcome of the solution

will be. At this stage, the researcher would identify how to demonstrate that the specified

outcomes have been achieved.

 The fourth step is the Define Intervention, at this point to start a plan activity to

clearly distinguish the outcomes that need to address.

The last is the Articulate assumptions, this step is framed by assumptions about what

are necessary and sufficient conditions to achieve success. These assumptions will have a

diverse set of roots, including personal values, professional, experiences, evidence and

research, and analysis of the overall context or environment.

Conceptual framework
Input Process Output

• Present
condition of • Site analysis • Building
Coconut resilience in
• Data evaluation
Production tropical
like interview
Climate Effect
• Related and survey
that help
Literature
• Conceptualize thermal
and Studies comfort.
• Design
• Related
Development
Theories

ECO-COLAB: “A PROPOSED COCONUT RESEARCH FACILITY WITH TROPICAL ADAPTIVE

RESPONSE USING COCO-BASED MATERIALS.”

Figure 7. IPO

“A PROPOSED COCONUT RESEARCH FACILITY WITH TROPICAL ADAPTIVE RESPONSE

USING COCO-BASED MATERIALS.”

Design Framework

This section will outline how the conditions for data collection and analysis have

been set up to maximize relevance to the study's goal. A research design is a

comprehensive plan that outlines the goals of a research project and offers instructions on

how to achieve those goals. It is a structured plan and investigational approach to

addressing the research question.

Motivation
and
Drivers

Reaction
Strategy
to

Adaptive
Architecture
Elements
Effect on of
adaptation

Method

Figure 9. Design Framework

By proposing and introducing the contemporary farmer, illustrates the relationship

between the need to address the issue of climate change and the development of an

adaptive strategy for food production.

References:

Nowotna, A., Pietruszka, B., & Lisowski, P. (2019). Eco-Friendly Building Materials.

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